Educación sanitaria en la farmacia comunitaria: estudio controlado en la provincia de Castellón

Introducción: La educación para la salud es una de las actividades que debe realizar el farmacéutico comunitario orientada hacia el paciente. Con el objetivo de conocer la influencia de la educación sanitaria en los pacientes, se realizó un estudio controlado en farmacias comunitarias de la provincia de Castellón. Material y métodos: En el estudio participaron catorce oficinas de farmacia (siete en el grupo control y siete en el grupo intervención). En todas ellas se realizó una encuesta inicial a los pacientes sobre educación para la salud. En las farmacias del grupo intervención se realizaron cinco campañas de educación sanitaria y al finalizar cada campaña los pacientes completaron una encuesta para valorar la educación sanitaria recibida. En las farmacias del grupo control se pasaron las encuestas a los pacientes pero no se realizaron las campañas de educación sanitaria. Resultados y discusión: Los pacientes están significativamente más satisfechos con la formación que reciben en las farmacias que realizan educación sanitaria. Además, se incrementa significativamente la percepción que tiene la población del farmacéutico en la oficina de farmacia como punto de referencia a la hora de ayudar a resolver sus problemas de salud. La educación sanitaria permite que los pacientes reciban formación completa acerca de temas de salud que les preocupan y les proporciona más capacidad para resolverlos por ellos mismos.Introduction: Health education is one of the roles of the community pharmacist.A controlled study of pharmacies in the Spanish province of Castellón was carried out with the aim of determining the influence of health education on the general public. Material and methods: Fourteen pharmacies took part in the study: seven in the group control and seven in the intervention group. An initial survey about health education was conducted among the patients of all fourteen pharmacies. In the pharmacies in the intervention group five campaigns of health education were instigated; after each campaign patients answered a survey to evaluate the health education received. In the pharmacies in the control group the same surveys were carried out without the implementation of any educational campaigns. Results and discussion: Patients of the pharmacies in the intervention group were significantly more satisfied with their level of knowledge about health matters than those in the control other group. In addition, the same patients had a significantly more satisfied with the formation they received in the pharmacies that implemented the educational campaigns. In addition, patients of the pharmacies in the intervention group had a significantly better perception of the pharmacist and of the pharmacy as a reference point with respect to resolving their health problems. Health education informs patients about aspects of health and endows them with the aptitude to make decisions related to their health problems

Análisis de los factores de riesgo del cáncer de mama desde la farmacia comunitaria

Introducción: el cáncer de mama es la neoplasia maligna más frecuente entre las mujeres, y en España es la que produce mayor número de muertes al año. La detección precoz propicia tratamientos menos agresivos y mayores tasas de curación. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los factores de riesgo de las mujeres que acudieron a las oficinas de farmacia participantes en el estudio: antecedentes familiares, edad y sexo, edad de concepción, enfermedad mamaria benigna, sobrepeso u obesidad, terapia hormonal (anticonceptivos orales o terapia hormonal sustitutiva), tabaco y alcohol. Material y métodos: En el estudio participaron cinco oficinas de farmacia de distintas provincias. Para el análisis de los factores de riesgo se entregó a las mujeres una breve encuesta que debían completar. Resultados y conclusiones: Tras analizar los factores de riesgo, se concluye que un 12% de las mujeres participantes tiene un riesgo elevado de padecer cáncer de mama. Desde la farmacia se puede informar a las mujeres sobre los factores de riesgo del cáncer de mama, con el fin de que apliquen las medidas necesarias para prevenir y/o detectar a tiempo esta enfermedad

Análisis de los factores de riesgo del cáncer de mama desde la farmacia comunitaria

Introducción: el cáncer de mama es la neoplasia maligna más frecuente entre las mujeres, y en España es la que produce mayor número de muertes al año. La detección precoz propicia tratamientos menos agresivos y mayores tasas de curación. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los factores de riesgo de las mujeres que acudieron a las oficinas de farmacia participantes en el estudio: antecedentes familiares, edad y sexo, edad de concepción, enfermedad mamaria benigna, sobrepeso u obesidad, terapia hormonal (anticonceptivos orales o terapia hormonal sustitutiva), tabaco y alcohol. Material y métodos: En el estudio participaron cinco oficinas de farmacia de distintas provincias. Para el análisis de los factores de riesgo se entregó a las mujeres una breve encuesta que debían completar. Resultados y conclusiones: Tras analizar los factores de riesgo, se concluye que un 12% de las mujeres participantes tiene un riesgo elevado de padecer cáncer de mama. Desde la farmacia se puede informar a las mujeres sobre los factores de riesgo del cáncer de mama, con el fin de que apliquen las medidas necesarias para prevenir y/o detectar a tiempo esta enfermedad

A qualitative study about immigrant workers’ perceptions of their working conditions in Spain

Background: Spain has recently become an inward migration country. Little is known about the occupational health of immigrant workers. This study aimed to explore the perceptions that immigrant workers in Spain had of their working conditions. Methods: Qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study. Criterion sampling. Data collected between September 2006 and May 2007 through semi-structured focus groups and individual interviews, with a topic guide. One hundred and fifty-eight immigrant workers (90 men/68 women) from Colombia (n = 21), Morocco (n = 39), sub-Saharan Africa (n = 29), Romania (n = 44) and Ecuador (n = 25), who were authorised (documented) or unauthorised (undocumented) residents in five medium to large cities in Spain. Results: Participants described poor working conditions, low pay and health hazards. Perception of hazards appeared to be related to gender and job sector. Informants were highly segregated into jobs by sex, however, so this issue will need further exploration. Undocumented workers described poorer conditions than documented workers, which they attributed to their documentation status. Documented participants also felt vulnerable because of their immigrant status. Informants believed that deficient language skills, non-transferability of their education and training and, most of all, their immigrant status and economic need left them with little choice but to work under poor conditions. Conclusions: The occupational health needs of immigrant workers must be addressed at the job level, while improving the enforcement of existing health and safety regulations. The roles that documentation status and economic need played in these informants’ work experiences should be considered and how these may influence health outcomes.Garcia Garcia, Ana Maria, [email protected]

Design and validation of the INCUE questionnaire: assessment of primary healthcare nurses’ basic training needs in palliative care

Many instruments have been created to measure knowledge and attitudes in palliative care. However, not only is it important to acquire knowledge, but also that this knowledge should reach patients and their relatives through application in clinical practice. This study aimed to develop and psychometrically test the INCUE questionnaire (Investigación Cuidados Enfermeros/Investigation into Nurses’ Care Understanding of End-of-Life) to assess the basic training needs of primary or home healthcare nurses in palliative care. A questionnaire was developed based on the classical theory of tests and factor analysis models. Initially, 18 experts developed 67 items in two blocks and determined content validity by two rounds of expert panels. Exploratory factor analysis and reliability testing were conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 370 nurses. Some items were observed to have very low homogeneity indices or presented convergence problems and were eliminated. Questionnaire reliability was 0.700 in the theoretical block (KR20 Index) and 0.941 in the practical block (Cronbach’s alpha). The model converges and shows an adequate fit, specifically CFI = 0.977, TLI = 0.977 and RMSEA = 0.05. The correlation between the two factors in the model is ρ = 0.63. The questionnaire objectively evaluates primary or home healthcare nurses’ knowledge of palliative care and its practical application, thereby facilitating more efficient training plans

Aircraft icing: in-cloud measurements and sensitivity to physical parameterizations

The prediction of supercooled cloud drops in the atmosphere is a basic tool for aviation safety, owing to their contact with and instant freezing on sensitive locations of the aircraft. One of the main disadvantages for predicting atmospheric icing conditions is the acquisition of observational data. In this study, we used in‐cloud microphysics measurements taken during 10 flights of a C‐212 research aircraft under winter conditions, during which we encountered 37 regions containing supercooled liquid water. To investigate the capability of the Weather Research and Forecasting model to detect regions containing supercooled cloud drops, we propose a multiphysics ensemble approach. We used four microphysics and two planetary boundary layer schemes. The Morrison parameterization yielded superior results, whereas the planetary boundary layer schemes were essential in evaluating the presence of liquid water content. The Goddard microphysics scheme best detected the presence of ice water content but tended to underestimate liquid water content

Quality indicators in radiation oncology: proposal of the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology (SEOR) for a continuous improvement of the quality of care in oncology.

Purpose Current cancer treatment options include surgical intervention, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The quality of the provision of each of them and their effective coordination determines the results in terms of benefit/risk. Regarding the radiation oncology treatments, there are not stabilised quality indicators to be used to perform control and continuous improvement processes for healthcare services. Therefore, the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology has undertaken a comprehensive project to establish quality indicators for use with the information systems available in most Spanish healthcare services. Methods A two-round Delphi study examines consensus of several possible quality indicators (n = 28) in daily practice. These indicators were defined after a bibliographic search and the assessment by radiation oncology specialists (n = 8). They included aspects regarding treatment equipment, patient preparation, treatment, and follow-up processes and were divided in structure, process, and outcome indicators. Results After the evaluation of the defined quality indicators (n = 28) by an expert panel (38 radiation oncologist), 26 indicators achieved consensus in terms of agreement with the statement. Two quality indicators did not achieve consensus. Conclusions There is a high degree of consensus in Spanish Radiation Oncology specialists on which indicators in routine clinical practice can best measure quality. These indicators can be used to classify services based on several parameters (patients, equipments, complexity of the techniques used, and scientific research). Furthermore, these indicators allow assess our current situation and set improvements’ objectives.pre-print241 K

Analysis and optimization of propagation losses in LiNbO3 optical waveguides produced by swift heavy-ion irradiation

The propagation losses (PL) of lithium niobate optical planar waveguides fabricated by swift heavy-ion irradiation (SHI), an alternative to conventional ion implantation, have been investigated and optimized. For waveguide fabrication, congruently melting LiNbO3 substrates were irradiated with F ions at 20 MeV or 30 MeV and fluences in the range 1013–1014 cm−2. The influence of the temperature and time of post-irradiation annealing treatments has been systematically studied. Optimum propagation losses lower than 0.5 dB/cm have been obtained for both TE and TM modes, after a two-stage annealing treatment at 350 and 375∘C. Possible loss mechanisms are discussed

Diagnostic, etiologic, and genetic aspects of congenital ichthyoses at birth: Characteristics of the ECEMC cases

Dismorfología, Citogenética y Clínica: Resultados de estudios sobre los datos del ECEMCThe Ichthyoses constitutes a large family of genetic skin diseases characterized by dry skin and variable degrees of blisters and scales. There are at least twenty varieties of ichthyosis, with a wide range of severity and associated symptoms, and genetic heterogeneity (autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked inheritance). The clinical symptoms, which are non-specific, may not be apparent. We have attempted to provide a classification of the ichthyoses and some guidance for the diagnosis and management of these conditions. The present classification is based in the type of alteration of the skin layer, the molecular findings, the biochemical characteristics, and the family history.There are three main categories, which include different subgroups of ichthyoses: 1) Those that are caused by an altered process of keratinocytic diferenciation (altered intermediate filaments/keratins). This category includes the following subgroups: a) Harlequin fetus; b) bullous erythroderma ichthyosiformis congenital; c) Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens; d) Ichthyosis hystrix of Curth-Macklin; and e) Ichthyosis vulgaris. 2) Those that are caused by a deficient formation of the cornified envelope (transglutaminase 1 enzyme deficiency). In this category we include two main subgrups: a) Lamellar ichthyosis AR, which includes i) ichthyosis lamellar (IL1, IL2, IL3, IL4, and IL5), and ii) ichthyosiform erythroderma congenital nonbullous, and b) Nonlamellar ichthyosis and nonerythrodermic congenital ichthyosis AR. 3) Those caused by an abnormal steroid sulfatase (X-linked Ichtyosis). In spite of having only data at birth and the lack of molecular analysis, we attempted to classify the ECEMC cases according to this classification using available clinical data. We also calculated the frequency of this disease identified at birth, and provide some guidance for the clinical diagnosis, the management of the affected newborn, and the information that should be offered to the parents.N