El Maristán de Granada tras el hallazgo de sus restos

Existía confu sión a la hora de determinar su exacta situación por parte de los historiadores. Gallego Burín afirmaba que "delante del Con.vento (de la Concepción) y ocupando la plaza actual se hallaba, en tiempos d.e los árabes, el Maristán u Hospital de locos e inocentes", de lo que venía a deducirse que el solar no había vuelto a edificarse. Sin embargo, Marino Antequera indica que "frente al Convento de la Concepción hay un corral de vecinos, 1 evantado en el lugar donde estuvo una castellana Casa de la Moneda, en el mismo sitio donde hubo hospital de locos árabe levantado por Mohamed V

Uso de técnicas de preprocesamiento de imágenes y aprendizaje para la detección de cambios de atención de una persona en procesos de interacción persona-robot

Uno de los sensores fundamentales en problemas de interacción persona-robot es la visión. En este trabajo realizamos un estudio en el que, a partir de imágenes de la cara de una persona, extraemos una serie de características relevantes para la clasificación de ciertas actitudes de dicha persona. Gran parte de estas actitudes representan realmente conceptos imprecisos o subjetivos difíciles de definir. En concreto estudiaremos el problema de la detección de la atención que mantiene una persona en relación a un robot de servicio que dispone de una cámara como mecanismo de percepción. Así, nuestro objetivo es utilizar un algoritmo de aprendizaje que, a partir de las características extraídas de la imagen de la cara, permita asignar un incremento o decremento de la atención de la persona en relación a una imagen previ

Automating the decision making process of Todd’s age estimation method from the pubic symphysis with explainable machine learning

Age estimation is a fundamental task in forensic anthropology for both the living and the dead. The procedure consists of analyzing properties such as appearance, ossification patterns, and morphology in different skeletonized remains. The pubic symphysis is extensively used to assess adults’ age-at-death due to its reliability. Nevertheless, most methods currently used for skeleton-based age estimation are carried out manually, even though their automation has the potential to lead to a considerable improvement in terms of economic resources, effectiveness, and execution time. In particular, explainable machine learning emerges as a promising means of addressing this challenge by engaging forensic experts to refine and audit the extracted knowledge and discover unknown patterns hidden in the complex and uncertain available data. In this contribution we address the automation of the decision making process of Todd’s pioneering age assessment method to assist the forensic practitioner in its application. To do so, we make use of the pubic bone data base available at the Physical Anthropology lab of the University of Granada. The machine learning task is significantly complex as it becomes an imbalanced ordinal classification problem with a small sample size and a high dimension. We tackle it with the combination of an ordinal classification method and oversampling techniques through an extensive experimental setup. Two forensic anthropologists refine and validate the derived rule base according to their own expertise and the knowledge available in the area. The resulting automatic system, finally composed of 34 interpretable rules, outperforms the state-of-the-art accuracy. In addition, and more importantly, it allows the forensic experts to uncover novel and interesting insights about how Todd’s method works, in particular, and the guidelines to estimate age-at-death from pubic symphysis characteristics, generally.Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (MICINN) Spanish GovernmentAgencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI) PID2021-122916NB-I00 Spanish Government PGC2018-101216-B-I00Junta de AndaluciaUniversity of Granada P18 -FR -4262 B-TIC-456-UGR20European CommissionUniversidad de Granada/CBU

A comparison of the taphonomic attributes of quarries VM3 and VM4 of the Early Pleistocene site of Venta Micena (Baza Basin, SE Spain)

The site of Venta Micena (Guadix-Baza Depression, SE Spain), a rich Fossil-Lagerstätten of late Early Pleistocene age (1.6-1.5 Ma), preserves a diverse assemblage of large mammals. Up to date, >24,000 skeletal remains have been unearthed from the surface excavated (~400 m2) in the two main quarries of the site, VM3 and VM4, which represents a density of fossils of >60/m2. Although this density is not homogeneously recorded across the 80-120 cm thick VM stratum, which outcrops over ~2.5 km, it suggests that tens of millions of fossils were preserved in the micritic limestones of this lithological unit. VM3 has been interpreted as a den of the giant hyena Pachycrocuta brevirostris in the plain that surrounded the Baza paleolake. Taphonomic analyses showed that the hyenas: (i) scavenged the prey hunted by the hypercarnivores, sabertoothed felids and wild dogs; (ii) transported the remains to their communal den as whole carcasses or selected anatomical parts; and (iii) fractured the skeletal parts according to their marrow contents and mineral density, which resulted in well-defined consumption sequences. In the case of VM4, an excavation quarry ~350 m distant from VM3, preliminary taphonomic analyses of the assemblage showed several differences, including: (i) a higher frequency of elements in anatomical connection than in VM3; (ii) a lower proportion of bones tooth-marked by carnivores (5.5%) compared with their frequency in VM3 (29.4%); (iii) a lower proportion of remains with salivary and gastric alterations (0.06% in both cases) than in VM3 (0.34% and 0.15%, respectively); and (iv) a less advanced degree of weathering (90.8% of bones show weathering stage 0 in VM4 compared to 75.9% in VM3).ICAZ Taphonomy Working Group, CSIC, MNCN Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Déjà vu: on the use of meat resources by sabretooth cats, hominins, and hyaenas in the Early Pleistocene site of Fuente Nueva 3 (Guadix‑Baza Depression, SE Spain)

The late Early Pleistocene archaeological site of Fuente Nueva 3 (Orce, Guadix-Baza Depression, SE Spain), dated to ~1.4 Ma, provides evidence on the subsistence strategies of the first hominin population that dispersed in Western Europe. The site preserves Oldowan tool assemblages associated with abundant remains of large mammals. A small proportion of these remains show cut marks and percussion marks resulting from defleshing and bone fracturing, and a small proportion of bones also show tooth marks. Previous taphonomic studies of FN3 suggested that the hominins had secondary access to the prey leftovers abandoned by sabretooth cats and other primary predators. However, a recent analysis by Yravedra et al. (2021) of the frequency of anthropogenic marks and tooth marks has concluded that the hominins had primary access to the carcasses of a wide variety of ungulate prey, even though the frequency of evisceration marks is strikingly low. In this rebuttal, we analyse the patterns of bone preservation in FN3, which show that the exploitation of bone marrow by the hominins after hammerstone breakage was a usual activity at the site. Our study also reviews the evidence available on the lesser abilities of sabretooth cats for carcass processing compared to pantherine felids. This reinforces the hypothesis that primary predators provided the hominins the opportunity to scavenge sizeable chunks of meat and bone marrow of their prey carcasses before the arrival of hyaenas. Finally, we also provide new inferences on resource availability and competition intensity among the members of the carnivore guild in FN3, which reinforce our interpretation that a secondary access by the Oldowan hominins to the prey leftovers of sabretooth cats was an optimal foraging strategy in the Guadix-Baza Depression.Funding for open access publishing: Universidad Málaga/CBUA This work has been granted by projects CGL-2016-78577-P, CGL-2016-80975-P, and PID2019-111185GB-I00 of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and University, “Junta de Andalucía” (FEDER) project UMA18-FEDERJA-188, “Generalitat de Catalunya” grant GENCAT 2017SGR 859, and by Research Group RNM-146 from “Junta de Andalucía.” Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU

TERASENSE: THz device technology laboratory: final summary

The use of THz frequencies, particularly W and G band allows reaching higher resolution and deeper penetration in emerging applications like imaging, sensing, etc. The development of those new applications lays on reliable technologies, background of expertise and know-how. The CDS2008-00068 TERASENSE CONSOLIDER project has given the opportunity to extent upwards in frequency the previous background of the microwaves research group partners. This article summarizes the developments of the TERASENSE work package “THz Device Technology Laboratory”.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación through the CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010 program reference CSD2008-00068 TERASENSE

TERASENSE: THz device technology laboratory

The use of THz frequencies, particularly W and G band allows reaching higher resolution and deeper penetration in emerging applications like imaging, sensing, etc. The development of those new applications lays on reliable technologies, background of expertise and know-how. The CDS2008-00068 TERASENSE CONSOLIDER project has given the opportunity to extent upwards in frequency the previous background of the microwaves research group partners. This article summarizes the developments of the TERASENSE work package “THz Device Technology Laboratory”

Involvement of stanniocalcins in the deregulation of glycaemia in obese mice and type 2 diabetic patients

Las estanniocalcinas se expresan en el tejido del páncreas, y se sugirió una correlación directa entre la insulina circulante y las concentraciones de STC2 en el ser humano. Aquí, mostramos una correlación significativa entre STC1 y tanto la glucemia como la hemoglobina glicosilada entre los pacientes con DM2, mientras que los pacientes con DM2 que presentan los mayores valores de hemoglobina glicosilada exhibieron la menor expresión de STC2. Sin embargo, el tratamiento de los pacientes con fármacos antiglicémicos no modifica significativamente la expresión de ambas STC. Por otra parte, los ratones STC2-/- que mostraron sobrepeso neonatal y adulto presentaron además una glucemia desregulada cuando fueron alimentados con una dieta hipercalórica (pellet de cría, BP). Esta alteración es más evidente en las primeras etapas de la vida animal. La glucemia desregulada en estos ratones se confirmó mediante una prueba oral de glucosa. Además, los ratones STC2-/- presentan un aumento del tamaño del páncreas; así, el análisis histológico revela que los ratones WT responden a la dieta BP aumentando el tamaño de los islotes pancreáticos a través de la inducción de la división celular, y los ratones STC2-/- carecen de este mecanismo compensatorio. Contrariamente, los ratones alimentados con STC2-/- muestran un mayor número de islotes pero de tamaño similar a los alimentados con el pellet regular. El análisis histopatológico demuestra la alteración de la estructura de los tejidos y las infiltraciones de eritrocitos en los ratones STC2-/-, posiblemente debido al estrés evocado por la dieta BP. Por último, se observó una mayor inmunotinción de glucagón en el islote de los ratones STC2-/-, y el ensayo ELISA de glucagón confirmó el aumento del glucagón circulante. En resumen, presentamos pruebas del papel de los STC, principalmente el STC2, como posible marcador temprano durante el desarrollo de la diabetes mellitus.Stanniocalcins are expressed in the pancreas tissue, and it was suggested a direct correlation between circulating insulin and STC2 concentrations in human. Here, we show a significant correlation between STC1 and both glycaemia and glycosylated haemoglobin among DM2 patients, while DM2 patients who present the greatest glycosylated haemoglobin values exhibited the lowest STC2 expression. However, treatment of patients with antiglycaemic drugs does not significantly modify the expression of both STCs. On the other hand, STC2-/- mice that exhibited neonatal and adult overweight further presented deregulated glycaemia when they were feed with a hypercaloric diet (breeding pellet, BP). This alteration is more evident at the early stages of the animal life. Deregulated glycaemia in these mice was confirmed using glucose oral test. In addition, STC2-/- mice present enhanced pancreas size; thus, the histological analysis reveals that WT mice respond to BP diet by increasing the size of the pancreatic islets through inducing cell division, and STC2-/- mice lack this compensatory mechanism. Contrary, BP fed STC2-/- mice show enhanced number of islets but of similar size than those fed with regular pellet. Histopathological analysis demonstrates tissue structure disruption and erythrocytes infiltrations in STC2-/- mice, possibly due to the stress evoked by the BP diet. Finally, enhanced glucagon immunostaining was observed in the islet of STC2-/- mice, and the glucagon ELISA assay confirmed the increase in the circulating glucagon. Summarizing, we present evidence of the role of STCs, mainly STC2, as a possible early marker during development of diabetes mellitus.• Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Becas 2013‐45564C2‐1‐P, BFU‐2016‐74932‐C2‐1‐P • Programa Juan de la Cierva. Becas IJCI‐2015‐25665, JC‐2012‐ 2934 • Junta de Extremadura. Beca PRIIB16046peerReviewe