Os contos e os jogos de simulação para trabalhar a justiça social no âmbito das ciências na mais tenra idade

La justicia social constituye una referencia cada vez más importante en el mundo actual, donde los constantes avances tecnológicos y los efectos económicos globales conviven con una creciente brecha de desigualdad social. Urge la necesidad de conciliar el progreso con el compromiso social. En el terreno educativo, esta preocupación ha de animar a trabajar en la llamada educación en valores que a su vez incluye algunas de las más importantes competencias trasversales. El objetivo principal de este artículo es comprobar si un cuento y un juego de simulación ambiental pueden ser recursos adecuados para adquirir valores relacionados con la justicia social en el ámbito de las ciencias en la etapa Infantil. Métodos: Se han analizado las repuestas de maestros y maestras sobre el valor de estos recursos. Asimismo se ha diseñado un cuento centrado en valores de igualdad de género inspirado en La Cenicienta y con un enfoque participativo así como un juego de simulación que abordara los recursos naturales y la equidad y la pobreza. Ambos se aplicaron a niños y niñas de Infantil. En los dos recursos se intentó averiguar los cambios de ideas producidos. Resultados: Los docentes valoraron más el cuento que el juego como recurso. Los niños y niñas modificaron sus ideas y visiones mediante la interacción con el cuento y la aplicación del juego. Discusión: Los dos recursos permitieron desarrollar competencias trasversales. Los y las escolares mejoraron sus ideas sobre el género con un cuento participativo. El juego favoreció el compromiso hacia la equidadSocial Justice is an increasingly relevant concept in today's world, where social inequality grows among constant technological advances and global economic effects. It is therefore necessary to balance progress and social compromise. Regarding education, this challenge shall encourage educators to teach values through transversal competences. The main objective of this article is to consider whether a tale and a simulation game about the environment can be appropriate resources to acquire social justice values in the early childhood science classroom. Methods: We have analyzed teachers' responses on the value of these kinds of resources. We have also designed a tale inspired on Cinderella, which focuses on gender equality and is aimed at children's participation. In addition, we have created a simulation game that deals with natural resources, equity, and poverty. Both games were used with kindergarten children. In both cases, changes in the students' ideas were observed. Results: Teachers' reviews on tales were more positive than on games. Students' views changed thanks to the use of the tale and the game. Discussion: Both resources allowed children to develop transversal competences. Students developed more egalitarian ideas on gender through the participative tale. The game fostered their compromise towards equityA Justiça Social constitui uma referência cada vez mais importante no mundo real, onde os constantes avanços tecnológicos e os efeitos econômicos globais convivem com uma crescente brecha de desigualdade social. Urge a necessidade de conciliar o progresso com o compromisso social. No terreno educativo, esta preocupação estimula o trabalho com a chamada educação em valores, que ao mesmo tempo inclui algumas das mais importantes competências transversais. O objetivo principal deste artigo é comprovar se um conto e um jogo de simulação ambiental podem ser recursos adequados para adquirir valores relacionados com a justiça social no âmbito das ciências na etapa Infantil. Métodos: Analisaram-se as repostas de professores e professoras sobre o valor destes recursos. Também desenhou-se um conto centrado em valores de igualdade de gênero inspirado na Cinderela e com um enfoque participativo, bem como um jogo de simulação que abordasse os recursos naturais e a equidade, e a pobreza. Ambos se aplicaram a meninos e meninas da Educação Infantil. Nos dois recursos tentou-se averiguar as mudanças de ideias produzidos. Resultados: Os docentes valorizaram mais o conto que o jogo como recurso. Os meninos e meninas modificaram suas ideias e visões mediante a interação com o conto e a aplicação do jogo. Discussão: Os dois recursos permitiram desenvolver competências transversais. Os e as escolares melhoraram suas ideias sobre o gênero com um conto participativo. O jogo favoreceu o compromisso para a equidad

Mecanismos de protección de los derechos en la explotación laboral de niños y mujeres por la pandemia de la Covid-19

La presente investigación titulada Mecanismos de Protección de los Derechos en la Explotación Laboral de niños y mujeres por la Pandemia de la Covid-19, tiene por objetivo determinar cómo implementar los mecanismos de protección de los Derechos en la Explotación Laboral de niños y mujeres por la Pandemia de la Covid-19. Para ello, se desarrolló en un enfoque cualitativo cuyo diseño correspondió a la teoría fundamentada y al análisis de casos, de tipo de estudio orientada a la comprensión y con nivel explicativo. Se aplicó la técnica de la entrevista mediante el instrumento de guía de entrevista a especialistas del área laboral y Domina, además se utilizó la técnica de análisis documental utilizado en distintos países e informes emitidos. Por lo tanto, se concluyó que se han establecido propuestas a plantear, contribuyendo en beneficio de las personas vulneradas por explotación laboral, que se enfocan en la prevención de los niños y mujeres

A reproducible method for biochemical, histological and functional assessment of the effects of ischaemia–reperfusion syndrome in the lower limbsIñig

[EN]Current methodology described to mimic lower limb ischaemia-reperfusion injury (LL-IRI) does not accurately define the procedures and pressures exerted to induce and maintain ischaemia. In this piece of work, we propose a well-defined and detailed rat model that simulates the conditions established in clinical practice guidelines for tourniquet application and allows us to test treatments that aim to prevent/reduce LL-IRI. Eighty-six male WAG/RijHsd rats were subjected to hind limb IRI (LL-IRI), using a mechanical system applying a 1 kg tension to induce and maintain ischemia for 2 or 3 h, and assessed the damage caused by reperfusion at biochemical and muscular levels at different time points. At the biochemical level, both 2 and 3 h of ischemia induced changes (except for electrolyte levels); 3 h of ischemia induced greater changes in specific markers of muscular damage: creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). At the histopathological level, 3 h of ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion was associated with an increase in hind limb girth, cross-sectional area, and weight and presence of neutrophils, as well as histological damage in more than 60% of muscle fibres. Our model allows to reliably reproduce the damage associated with the use of a pneumatic tourniquet. CK and LDH, as well as measures of tissue damage, allow to define and characterize the response to LL-IRI-related damage. A period of 3 h of ischemia followed by 3 h of reperfusion caused only local damage but showed greater sensitivity to detect differences in future studies on prophylactic treatments against LL-IRI.No external funding was received. This study has been supported by internal funding from the Department of the Surgery, Radiology and Physical Medicine at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)

Los cuentos y los juegos de simulación para trabajar la justicia social en el ámbito de las ciencias en las primeras edades

La justicia social constituye una referencia cada vez más importante en el mundo actual, donde los constantes avances tecnológicos y los efectos económicos globales conviven con una creciente brecha de desigualdad social. Urge la necesidad de conciliar el progreso con el compromiso social. En el terreno educativo, esta preocupación ha de animar a trabajar en la llamada educación en valores que a su vez incluye algunas de las más importantes competencias trasversales. El objetivo principal de este artículo es comprobar si un cuento y un juego de simulación ambiental pueden ser recursos adecuados para adquirir valores relacionados con la justicia social en el ámbito de las ciencias en la etapa Infantil. Métodos: Se han analizado las repuestas de maestros y maestras sobre el valor de estos recursos. Asimismo se ha diseñado un cuento centrado en valores de igualdad de género inspirado en La Cenicienta y con un enfoque participativo así como un juego de simulación que abordara los recursos naturales y la equidad y la pobreza. Ambos se aplicaron a niños y niñas de Infantil. En los dos recursos se intentó averiguar los cambios de ideas producidos. Resultados: Los docentes valoraron más el cuento que el juego como recurso. Los niños y niñas modificaron sus ideas y visiones mediante la interacción con el cuento y la aplicación del juego. Discusión: Los dos recursos permitieron desarrollar competencias trasversales. Los y las escolares mejoraron sus ideas sobre el género con un cuento participativo. El juego favoreció el compromiso hacia la equidad

Estimates of mpox effective reproduction number in Spain, April-August 2022

We analysed the transmission of the human mpox virus in Spain by estimating the effective reproduction number of the disease from official surveillance data. Our computations show that this decreased steadily after an initial burst phase, dropping below 1 on July 12, and thus the outbreak was expected to reduce in the following weeks. Differences in trends were found across geographical regions of the country and across MSM and heterosexual populations.This research was partially supported by CIBER (Strategic Action for Monkeypox) – Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red – (CB 2021), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Unión Europea – NextGenerationEU.S

Estructura Metal-orgánica híbrida Fe@CuBTC estable en medio acuoso para una elevada remoción de diclofenaco y naproxeno de agua

En este trabajo se estudió un material híbrido compuesto de dos MOF's con el objetivo de aprovechar las propiedades más importantes de cada uno y lograr una mejora en el secuestro de contaminantes de última generación, como los fármacos que forman parte de los denominados PPCP's (productos farmacéuticos y de aseo personal, por sus siglas en inglés). En este trabajo se obtuvo un material híbrido a base de dos MOF's (HKUST-1 y FeBTC), preparado mediante síntesis solvotermal el cual fue caracterizado y expuesta su naturaleza mediante difracción de rajas-X, espectroscopia infrarroja y Raman, y adsorción-desorción de nitrógeno. El material MOF híbrido fue denominado Fe@CuBTC, éste demostró una buena estabilidad en medio acuoso y presentó una remoción de diclofenaco y naproxeno (478 y 127 mg por gramo de material, respectivamente) mejor que la FeBTC pura y mejor que los resultados reportados en la literatura.In this work a hybrid material composed of two MOF's was studied in arder to take advantage of the most important properties of each MOF and achieve an improvement in the catch of contaminants oflast concern, such as drugs that are part of the so-called PPCP' s (pharmaceutical and personal care products, by its acronyms in English.) In this work we obtained an hybrid material based on two MOFs (HKUST-1 and FeBTC) prepared by solvotermal synthesis which was characterized and exposed its nature through X-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, and nitrogen desorption-adsorption The hybrid MOF material was named Fe@CuBTC, it showed good stability in aqueous medium and showed a removal of diclofenac and naproxen (478 and 127 mg of diclofenac and naproxen per gram of material, respectively) better than FeBTC pure and better than the results reported in the literature

Effects of Folinic Acid Administration on Lower Limb Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats

Surgery under ischemic conditions, lasting up to 3 h, is routinely performed in orthopedic surgery, causing undesirable injury due to ischemia-reperfusion syndrome, with short and medium-term functional repercussions. To date, there is no established prophylactic treatment. In this work we evaluated folinic acid (FA) in a rodent model of lower limb ischemia-reperfusion (IRI-LL). 36 male WAG rats underwent 3 h of lower limb ischemia. In the saline group, rats received intraperitoneal administration of saline (used as vehicle for treatment). In the experimental group, rats were pretreated with FA (2.5 mg/kg) before the end of ischemia. After ischemia, animals were sacrificed at 3 h, 24 h or 14 days (for biochemical determination (Na+, K+, Cl-, urea, creatinine, CK, LDH, ALP, ALT, and AST), pathological assessment, or functional study using the rotarod test; respectively). Another six animals were used to establish the reference values. The prophylactic administration of FA significantly reduced the elevation of biochemical markers, especially those that most directly indicate muscle damage (CK and LDH). In addition, it also improved direct tissue damage, both in terms of edema, weight, PMN infiltrate and percentage of damaged fibers. Finally, the administration of FA allowed the animals to equal baseline values in the rotarod test; what did not occur in the saline group, where pre-ischemia levels were not recovered. Following 3 h of lower limb ischemia, FA minimizes the increase of CK and LDH, as well as local edema and leukocyte infiltration, allowing a faster recovery of limb functionality. Therefore, it could be considered as a prophylactic treatment when tourniquet is used in clinics.This research received funding from the University of The Basque Country UPV/EHU (grant reference GIU19/088)

Degradación fotocatalítica de colorantes usando nanopartículas de titania soportadas en materiales metal-orgánicos basados en hierro

Se estudiaron materiales compósitos de TiO₂ en materiales metal-orgánicos (MOFs) a diferentes porcentajes, para la degradación fotocatalítica de diferentes colorantes (Orange II y Negro Reactivo 5). Los colorantes representan un daño al ecosistema, ya que son químicamente estables, no biodegradables y potencialmente cancerígenos. Recientemente, las MOFs se han estudiado como fotocatalizadores para llevar a cabo una serie de transformaciones orgánicas y proporcionar una oportunidad única para lograr un buen rendimiento en la degradación de colorantes. La MOF MIL-100 (Fe) y sus respectivos compósitos se sintetizaron y fueron caracterizados. El patrón DRX de TiOzlMIL-100 mostró ser muy similar al reportado en la literatura; por lo que, la estructura de MIL-10 O se conserva después de la incorporación del TiO,. Se demostró que las MOF son muy activas en la degradación de los colorantes estudiados, por lo que estos materiales son muy prometedores para eliminar los colorantes de las aguas residuales.The dyes represent a huge damage to the ecosystem, since they are chemically stable, non-biodegradable and potentially carcinogenic. The materials so-called metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new class of crystalline materials formed by the coupling of metallic clusters through the organic ligands. Recently, the MOFs have been studied as photo catalysts to carry out a number of organic transformations and provide a unique opportunity to achieve a good performance in the dyes degradation. The MOF MIL-100 (Fe) and their respective composites have been synthesized. The synthesized materials were characterized. The spectrum of TiO₂/MIL-100 showed to be very similar to reported in the literature, so that the structure of MIL-100 is preserved after the incorporation of the TiO₂ The MOFs were shown to be very active in the degradation of Reactive Black 5 and Orange II dyes, so that these materials are very promising for eliminating dyes from the wastewater

Relationships between Physical Activity Level and Pain in the Spanish Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

One third of the world’s population suffers from some form of pain. Physical inactivity is one of the causes that reduces physical fitness and may lead to an increase in the prevalence of pain in the population. Aims. To analyse the relationships between the level of physical activity (PAL) and the prevalence and degree of pain, the limitations and impact of pain on daily activities and the use of pain medication in the Spanish population. Hypothesis. PAL is related to pain among Spaniards. Methodology. A cross-sectional study design was used, based on data obtained from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 with 17,777 participants. A descriptive analysis was performed. Nonparametric statistical tests were used: chi-square statistic to analyse intergroup differences in ordinal variables; Mann−Whitney U test to analyse intergroup differences in continuous variables. A correlation study was also performed between the variables of interest, using Spearman’s rho. Results. Relationships were found between PAL and: prevalence of pain, degree of pain, limitations due to pain in usual activities, level of impact in daily activities and use of pain medication in the Spanish population (p < 0.001). Performing moderate and intense PA was related to lower prevalence and degree of pain in the population that performed it, compared to those who only walked or were inactive. Weak correlations were found between the level of PA and the study variables (p < 0.001). Conclusions. High PALs in the population are related to better indicators of pain among Spaniards, appearing to reduce the prevalence and degree of pain, as well as the limitations and impact caused by pain in the daily activities of citizens, and could reduce the use of pain medication in the adult Spanish population.This research was funded by “Ayudas para la Realización de Actividades de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, de Divulgación y de Transferencia de Conocimiento por los Grupos de Investigación de Extremadura 2021”; Financed by the Junta de Extremadura and the European Social Fund. Grant number 2021/00461/001

Polyphenol intake and mortality: A nationwide cohort study in the adult population of Spain

Background and aims: Polyphenols are secondary metabolites present in small quantities in plant-based food and beverages, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Main groups of polyphenols include flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and lignans, but their association with mortality has barely been examined. We aimed to assess the association between the intake of 23 polyphenol subgroups and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in a representative sample of the Spanish adult population. Methods: Population-based cohort study conducted with 12,161 individuals aged 18+ recruited in 2008–2010 and followed-up during a mean of 12.5 years. At baseline, food consumption was obtained with a validated dietary history, and the Phenol-Explorer database was used to estimate polyphenol intake. Associations were examined using Cox regression adjusted for main confounders. Results: During follow-up, 967 all-cause deaths occurred, 219 were cardiovascular, and 277 cancer. Comparing extreme categories of consumption, hazard ratios (95% CI) of total mortality for subgroups were: dihydroflavonols 0.85 (0.72–1.00; p-trend:0.046); flavonols 0.79 (0.63–0.97; p-trend:0.04); methoxyphenols 0.75 (0.59–0.94; p-trend:0.021); tyrosols 0.80 (0.65–0.98; p-trend:0.044); alkylmethoxyphenols 0.74 (0.59–0.93; p-trend:0.007); hydroxycinnamic acids 0.79 (0.64–0.98; p-trend:0.014); and hydroxyphenilacetic acids 0.82 (0.67–0.99; p-trend:0.064). For cardiovascular mortality, hazard ratios were: methoxyphenols 0.58 (0.38–0.89; p-trend:0.010); alkylmethoxyphenols 0.59 (0.39–0.90; p-trend:0.011); hydroxycinnamic acids 0.63 (0.42–0.94; p-trend:0.020); and hydroxyphenilacetic acids 0.69 (0.48–0.99; p-trend:0.044), when comparing extreme tertiles of consumption. No statistically significant associations were observed for cancer. The main food sources for these polyphenol subgroups were red wine, leafy green vegetables, olive oil, green olives, and coffee (the latter being the major contributor of methoxyphenols, alkylmethoxyphenols, and hydroxycinnamic acids). Conclusions: In the Spanish adult population, intake of specific polyphenol subgroups was prospectively associated with a 20% lower all-cause mortality risk. This decrease was mainly due to a 40% lower cardiovascular mortality risk over timeData collection was funded by the following grants: FIS PI17/ 1709, PI20/144 (State Secretary of R+D and FEDER/FSE), and the CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid, Spain. Additional funding was provided by the IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spai