Comunicación en las relaciones empresariales internacionales: barreras y habilidades

Este trabajo, de carácter descriptivo, versa sobre una de las dificultades a las que se enfrentan los profesionales que están involucrados en las actividades empresariales internacionales: las barreras culturales. En un entorno empresarial cada vez más globalizado, la elevada interrelación entre distintas culturas y lenguas es un hecho. Este hecho afecta a una de las habilidades más valoradas en el ámbito empresarial: la comunicación. En este sentido, los profesionales se enfrentan a barreras tanto lingüísticas como culturales que pueden ocasionar malentendidos y en el peor de los casos, pueden ser causa del fracaso de las relaciones empresariales

Palladium(II)-Catalyzed annulation between ortho-alkenylphenols and allenes. Key role of the metal geometry in determining the reaction outcome

2-Alkenylphenols react with allenes, upon treatment with catalytic amounts of Pd(II) and Cu(II), to give benzoxepine products in high yields and with very good regio- and diastereoselectivities. This contrasts with the results obtained with Rh catalysts, which provided chromene-like products through a pathway involving a β-hydrogen elimination step. Computational studies suggest that the square planar geometry of the palladium is critical to favor the reductive elimination process required for the formation of the oxepine productsThis work was supported by the Spanish MINECO (grant:SAF2013-41943-R), the ERDF, the European Research Council (Advanced Grant No. 340055) and the Xunta de Galicia (grants: GRC2013-041 and 2015-CP082). We also thank the orfeo-cinqa CTQ2014-51912-REDC. K.P.D.R. thanks the Coordenaça̧o de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de ̧Nıvel Superior (CAPES, Brazil) for the Ph.D scholarship. We ́thank Dr. M. Martınez for XRD analysis. All calculations were ́carried out at Centro de Supercomputación de Galicia (CESGA

Rhodium‐Catalyzed Annulation of ortho‐Alkenyl Anilides with Alkynes: Formation of Unexpected Naphthalene Adducts

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Seoane, A., Comanescu,C., Casanova, N., García-Fandiño, R., Diz, X., Mascareñas, J.L., Gulías, M. (2019), Rhodium-catalyzed annulation of ortho-alkenylanilides with alkynes: Formation of unexpected naphthalene adducts. AngewChemIntEd., 58,1700-1717 [doi: 10.1002/anie.201811747]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archivingThis research received financial support through Spanish grants SAF2016‐76689‐R and CTQ2016‐77047‐P, from the Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria (ED431C 2017119‐041, 2015‐CP082 and Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia accreditation 2016‐2019, ED431G/09), the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and the European Research Council (Advanced Grant No. 340055). R.G.‐F. thanks the Spanish Government MINECO for a Ramon y Cajal (RYC‐RYC‐2016‐20335) contract. The orfeo‐cinqa network CTQ2016‐81797‐REDC is kindly acknowledged. All calculations were carried out at Centro de Supercomputación de Galicia (CESGA)S

Teriflunomide and Epstein–Barr virus in a Spanish multiple sclerosis cohort: in vivo antiviral activity and clinical response

BackgroundEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) have been associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). Teriflunomide is an oral disease-modifying therapy approved for treatment of relapsing forms of MS. In the preclinical Theiler’s murine encephalitis virus model of MS, the drug demonstrated an increased rate of viral clearance versus the vehicle placebo. Furthermore, teriflunomide inhibits lytic EBV infection in vitro.Objective1. To evaluate the humoral response against EBV and HHV-6 prior to teriflunomide treatment and 6 months later. 2. To correlate the variation in the humoral response against EBV and HHV-6 with the clinical and radiological response after 24 months of treatment with teriflunomide. 3. To analyze the utility of different demographic, clinical, radiological, and environmental data to identify early biomarkers of response to teriflunomide.MethodsA total of 101 MS patients (62 women; mean age: 43.4 years) with one serum prior to teriflunomide onset and another serum sample 6 months later were recruited. A total of 80 had been treated for at least 24 months, 13 had stopped teriflunomide before 24 months, and 8 were currently under teriflunomide therapy but with less than 24 months of follow-up. We analyzed the levels of the viral antibodies titers abovementioned in serum samples with ELISA commercial kits, and the levels of serum neurofilament light chain (Nf-L).ResultsAntiviral antibody titers decreased for EBNA-1 IgG (74.3%), VCA IgG (69%), HHV-6 IgG (60.4%), and HHV-6 IgM (73.3%) after 6 months of teriflunomide. VCA IgG titers at baseline correlated with Nf-L levels measured at the same time (r = 0.221; p = 0.028) and 6 months later (r = 0.240; p = 0.017). We found that higher EBNA-1 titers (p = 0.001) and a higher age (p = 0.04) at baseline were associated with NEDA-3 conditions. Thus, 77.8% of patients with EBNA-1 >23.0 AU and >42.8 years (P50 values) were NEDA-3.ConclusionTreatment with teriflunomide was associated with a reduction of the levels of IgG antibody titers against EBV and HHV-6. Furthermore, higher EBNA-1 IgG titers prior to teriflunomide initiation were associated with a better clinical response

Neutrophils instruct homeostatic and pathological states in naive tissues

Immune protection relies on the capacity of neutrophils to infiltrate challenged tissues. Naive tissues, in contrast, are believed to remain free of these cells and protected from their toxic cargo. Here, we show that neutrophils are endowed with the capacity to infiltrate multiple tissues in the steady-state, a process that follows tissue-specific dynamics. By focusing in two particular tissues, the intestine and the lungs, we find that neutrophils infiltrating the intestine are engulfed by resident macrophages, resulting in repression of Il23 transcription, reduced G-CSF in plasma, and reinforced activity of distant bone marrow niches. In contrast, diurnal accumulation of neutrophils within the pulmonary vasculature influenced circadian transcription in the lungs. Neutrophil-influenced transcripts in this organ were associated with carcinogenesis and migration. Consistently, we found that neutrophils dictated the diurnal patterns of lung invasion by melanoma cells. Homeostatic infiltration of tissues unveils a facet of neutrophil biology that supports organ function, but can also instigate pathological states.S

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery

Phagocytosis imprints heterogeneity in tissue-resident macrophages

Tissue-resident macrophages display varying phenotypic and functional properties that are largely specified by their local environment. One of these functions, phagocytosis, mediates the natural disposal of billions of cells, but its mechanisms and consequences within living tissues are poorly defined. Using a parabiosis-based strategy, we identified and isolated macrophages from multiple tissues as they phagocytosed blood-borne cellular material. Phagocytosis was circadianally regulated and mediated by distinct repertoires of receptors, opsonins, and transcription factors in macrophages from each tissue. Although the tissue of residence defined the core signature of macrophages, phagocytosis imprinted a distinct antiinflammatory profile. Phagocytic macrophages expressed CD206, displayed blunted expression of Il1b, and supported tissue homeostasis. Thus, phagocytosis is a source of macrophage heterogeneity that acts together with tissue-derived factors to preserve homeostasis