Porque fazer modelos? Modelos matemáticos para ciclo de vigília/sono em humanos, fornecem novos insights na fisiopatologia da insônia família fatal (IFF)

FFI, a rare prion disease, constitutes by their wake and sleep abnormalities a unique pathophysiological model of disease. Recently, a neurobiological-mathematical model of the human sleep/ wake cycle (MMSWC) developed by Rempe, BestJ and Terman, reconciles circadian/homeostatic influences with new findings like the proposed sleep/wake flip-flop switch and REM-NoREM switch. We attempt now to modeling sleep abnormalities seen in FFI patients with the hypothesis that different degrees of perturbation (activation/deactivation) of circadian and homeostatic drives are related with sleep findings previously reported. We modeling our sleep data using MMSWC, where, briefly, the ventrolateral preoptic neurons (VLPO) and monoaminergic neurons (AMIN) inhibit each other and are modeled as a system of two ordinary differential equations. A similar interaction between REM-on and REM-off was also implemented. Both models were able to produce simulations that we confront with reanalyzed polysomnograms of a proven and peculiar case of FFI. IntraREM sleep fragmentation, the cyclic alternating pattern reported in atypical REM sleep and the reversal of atypical REM-NoREM presentation, seen in our case of FFI, can be simulated according the MMSWC by increasing random and Poisson perturbations on circadian and/or REM-on inputs. This was made by modifying the term I AMIN that corresponds to REM-on equations of this model. These mathematical models support the hypothesis that in FFI the extended neuronal network that regulates sleep and wakefulness could be disrupt by altered circadian/homeostatic and REM inputs.A IFF é uma doença priônica rara constitui por alteração no estado de vigília e do sono, um modelo fisiopatológico único de doença. Recentemente, um modelo neurobiológico-matemática do ciclo vigília/sono humano (MMSWC), desenvolvido por Rempe, Best J e Terman, concilia influências circadianas/homeostático com novas descobertas, como proposta de alternância sono/vigília flip-flop e alternância REM-Norem. Tentamos agora fazer um modelo dealterações do sono observadas em pacientes FFI com a hipótese de que diferentes graus de perturbação (ativação/desativação) de unidades circadianas e homeostáticas estão relacionadas com as conclusões do sono relatadas anteriormente. Nós modelamos nossos dados de sono usando MMSWC, onde, imediatamente, os neurô- nios pré-óptica ventrolateral (VLPO) e neurônios monoaminergic (AMIN) inibem um ao outro e são modelados como um sistema de duas equações diferenciais ordinárias. Também foi implementada uma interação semelhante entre REM e REM-on-off. Ambos os modelos foram capazes de produzir a simulações enfrentadas ao reanalisar a polisonografia de um caso comprovado e peculiar da IFF. A fragmentação do sono intra-REM, o cíclico do padrão alternado no sono REM atípico e a reversão de apresentação atípica REM/NREM, visto em nosso caso de IFF, pode ser simulada de acordo com o MMSWC, aumentando a perturbações aleatórias de Poisson em circadiano e/ou REM-no input. Isto foi feito através da modificação do termo que AMIN correspondente a REM na equações desse modelo. Estes modelos matemáticos apoia a hipótese de que na IFF a rede neuronal prolongada que regula o sono e o estado de vigília pode ser perturbar pelas alternancias circadianas/homeostática e REM inputs.Fil: Garay, Arturo. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas; ArgentinaFil: Blanco, Susana Alicia Ana. Universidad de Belgrano. Facultad de Ingenieria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Propuesta de mejoras necesarias a la Ley N° 31188: Ley de negociación colectiva en el sector estatal

El trabajo de investigación ha tenido por objeto proponer las mejoras a implementar en la Ley N° 31188 que regula la negociación colectiva del sector estatal, utilizando el enfoque cualitativo, método analítico y bibliográfico. Se obtuvo como resultado que, el derecho a la Negociación Colectiva en el Sector Estatal ha evolucionado en el tiempo y pese a ello necesita mejoras para ser realmente efectivo. Se concluye que, la negociación colectiva de los servidores públicos será constitucional siempre y cuando respete el equilibrio presupuestal, Ergo es necesario contar con un Informe Económico Financiero emitido por el MEF que permita a los representantes Sindicales conocer los rangos sobre los cuales es factible su propuesta. Siendo que, será referencial para la elaboración del proyecto del convenio colectivo, para el trato directo de la negociación colectiva y para el arbitraje

New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness

The neural substrates of sleep and wakefulness form a highly distributed and, to some extent, redundant network, with hypocretin, monoaminergic and cholinergic systems largely promoting wakefulness and GABAergic systems in the preoptic area, hypothalamus and brainstem promoting sleep. The hypocretin/orexin system plays a special role in the promotion of wakefulness and suppression of REM sleep by providing excitatory input to the monoaminergic and cholinergic systems. Sleep is not a unitary state but involves a cyclic alternation between NREM and REM sleep; the pons is critical for generating the multiple components (ie, EEG synchronization, eye movements and muscle atonia) that characterize REM sleep. Recent findings have implicated the participation of hypothalamus, through MCH/GABA that provide a critical input to pontine generator of REM sleep. The timing of sleep and wakefulness is regulated by an interaction between the circadian pacemaker located in the hypothalamic SCN and a sleep homeostatic system whose anatomic location is yet to be definitively identified. Among various neurochemicals, extracellular AD and nNOS/NK1 accumulate in the BF as wakefulness is extended and inhibits cortically projecting cholinergic neurons, thereby influencing cortical activity. In the future, it seems reasonable to expect a spreading of these insights from basic to clinical grounds for a better understanding of the causes and mechanisms of sleep disorders and the generation of novel therapeutics in sleep medicine.Sociedad Argentina de Fisiologí

The endless quarantine: The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on healthcare workers after three months of mandatory social isolation in Argentina

Objectives: At the end of 2019 the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak spread around the globe with a late arrival to South America. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the long period of mandatory social isolation that took place in Argentina on the general psychological well-being of healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A survey was conducted during June 2020, in healthcare workers. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, Sleepiness-Wakefulness Inability and Fatigue Test, and Goldberg depression and anxiety scale, were used to analyze the effects of the SARS-Cov 2 outbreak after three months of mandatory social isolation. Analyses were performed by logistic regression and a clustering algorithm in order to classify subjects in the function of their outcome's severity.Results: From 1059 surveys, the majority reported symptoms of depression (81.0%), anxiety (76.5%), poor sleep quality (84.7%), and insomnia (73.7%) with 68.9% suffering from nightmares. Logistic regression showed that being in contact with COVID-19 patients, age, gender and the consumption of sleep medication during the mandatory social isolation were relevant predictors for insomnia, anxiety, and depression. Clustering analysis classified healthcare workers in three groups with healthy/mild, moderate, and severe outcomes. The most vulnerable group was composed mainly of younger people, female, non-medical staff, or physicians in training.Conclusion: An extremely high proportion of Argentinian healthcare workers suffered from sleep problems, anxiety, and depression symptoms. The clustering algorithm successfully separates vulnerable from non-vulnerable populations suggesting the need to carry out future studies involving resilience and vulnerability factors.Fil: Giardino, Daniela L.. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigación Clínica "Norberto Quirno"; ArgentinaFil: Huck Iriart, Cristián. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Riddick, Maximiliano Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Cs.exactas. Centro de Matematica de la Plata.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Garay, Arturo. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigación Clínica "Norberto Quirno"; Argentin

Incertidumbre en Ensayos Estándar de Mecánica de Suelos para la Confiabilidad en los Laboratorios Geotécnicos

La estimación de la incertidumbre es un parámetro que caracteriza la variabilidad de los resultados de ensayos de laboratorio y de cualquier medición, debido a que estadísticamente  no se conoce con certeza el valor absoluto o real para cualquier medición

The rhythms of AMBEs (arousal-related motor behavioral episodes) in Agrypnia Excitata: a video motor analysis

In patients with Agrypnia Excitata with fatal familial insomnia (AE-FFI), oscillatory EEG rhythms appear during "pseudosleep" and during atypical REM sleep.Episodes of arousal-related motor behavioral episodes (AMBEs) with and without clearly elaborated behaviors, such as REM Behavior Disorder, constitute an intriguing finding without a known mechanism.Spinal cord involvement should be added to the manifestations of thalamo-limbic-brainstem disconnection. AMBEs can be incorporated into the context of motor abnormalities observed in FFI and other prionopathies.Fil: Garay, Arturo. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigación Clínica "Norberto Quirno"; ArgentinaFil: Giardino, Daniela Laura. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigación Clínica "Norberto Quirno"; ArgentinaFil: Huck Iriart, Cristián. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Blanco, Susana Alicia Ana. Ministerio de Salud. Instituto Nacional del Cáncer; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Reder, Anthony T.. University of Chicago; Estados Unido

Identidad organizacional y satisfacción laboral en la agencia Tambo Mibanco-Huancayo 2021

La “siguiente investigación que presenta los autores, es referente a la Identidad Organizacional y como este se relaciona con la satisfacción laboral en la Agencia Tambo Mibanco, tiene como propósito establecer la relación que existe entre la identidad organizacional y la satisfacción laboral en la Agencia Tambo Mibanco-Huancayo 2021, la investigación se empleó como base estructural el cual es el método científico, que orienta como efectuar una investigación del tipo: Hipotético – Deductivo, además de ser: Analítico – Sintético. Nivel de Investigación: Correlacional, Diseño. No experimental, de corte transversal y de tipo Básica. La población estuvo constituida por 38 colaboradores. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante la aplicación de la técnica de la encuesta y el instrumento utilizado fue el cuestionario, el cual constaba de 49 preguntas. La conclusión obtenida sobre la base de los resultados se ha establecido que, sabiendo que el coeficiente rs = 0.970 y significación bilateral p = 0.000, el coeficiente es significativo, y existe una correlación positiva muy fuerte entre ambas variables, identidad organizacional y la satisfacción laboral en la Agencia Tambo Mibanco- Huancayo 2021. Se concluye que existe relación significativa entre clima organizacional y la satisfacción laboral en la Agencia Tambo Mibanco -Huancayo 2021, con un nivel de significancia del 99%, respondiendo así al objetivo planteado al inicio de la investigación, llegando a comprobar la identidad organizacional y la satisfacción laboral son los componentes básicos en los que se basa una gestión” eficaz

Early impact on sleep and mental health during the mandatory social isolation of COVID-19 outbreak: an obser vational cross-sectional study carried out in Argentina

Introduction: The mandatory social isolation (MSI) due to the pandemic caused by COVID-19 in the world produced many changes in sleep and different areas of mental health. Objectives: To evaluate the early effects of MSI on sleep, anxiety, and depression in Argentina. Material and Methods: An anonymous observational cross-sectional web-based study was distributed throughout the country and was completed by 2,594 respondents to analyze demographic information, quality of sleep, REM sleep-related events, depressive, and anxiety symptoms. Results: The study revealed that 53, 21, 22, 23, and 16% of people surveyed were poor sleepers, had dream-related behaviors, nightmares, depression, and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed a positive correlation between anxiety, being a poor sleeper, and having nightmares. Conclusion: We identified the early effects of MSI on sleep quality, dreaming activity, anxiety, and depression in Argentina during the COVID-19 outbreak. Our findings can be used to formulate sleep and psychological interventions to improve mental health during the pandemic and post-pandemic times

Impacto de Alnus acuminata Kunth en los flujos de N2O y calidad del pasto Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov.

The Aliso Alnus acuminata Kunth is a forest species of the of the Colombian Andes associated with Kikuyu grass as silvopastoral system (SPS) and fixe atmospheric N. The SPS was compared with 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1 year-1 at 30, 45 and 60 days on pasture quality, expressed as green forage (GF), dry matter (DM), percentage of crude protein (% CP) and N absorbed, also fluxes N2O emissions to the atmosphere were evaluated. The SPS exceeded to 0 and 50 kg.N.ha-1 in all variables, less in the N2O emission fluxes that was greater than 0 kg.N.ha-1 (P<0.05), equal to 50 kg.N.ha-1 (P>0.05), and in GF was similar to 100 kg.N.ha-1 (p>0.05). 150 and 200 kg.N.ha-1.year-1 exceeded all the variables to the SSP. A higher GF and DM was achieved at 45 days and %CP at 30 days.El Aliso Alnus acuminata Kunth es un forestal del trópico alto de Colombia que se asocia con pasto Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov. como sistema silvopastoril (SSP) y fija N atmosférico. El SSP se comparó con 0, 50, 100, 150 y 200 kg.N.ha-1.año-1 a los 30, 45 y 60 días sobre la calidad del pasto, expresada en forraje verde (FV), materia seca (MS), porcentaje de proteína cruda (%PC) y N absorbido; también se evaluaron los flujos de emisiones de N2O a la atmósfera. El SSP superó a 0 y 50 kg.N.ha-1 en todas las variables, menos en los flujos de emisiones de N2O que fue mayor a 0 kg.N.ha-1 (P<0.05) e igual a 50 kg.N.ha-1 (P>0.05) y en FV fue similar a 100 kg.N.ha-1 (p>0.05); 150 y 200 kg.N.ha-1.año-1 superó en todas las variables al SSP. Se alcanzó mayor FV y MS a los 45 días y %PC a los 30 días

Attitudes toward medicalization in childbirth and their relationship with locus of control and coping in a Spanish population

[EN] The dominant model of childbirth in most Western countries is medicalized childbirth. Women's beliefs about whether childbirth should be a medicalized process to a greater or lesser degree may be related, in addition to contextual factors, to internal factors. The objective of the study is to find out if women's locus of control (LC) and stress coping strategies (CS) are related to having a more favourable or less favourable attitude towards medicalization (ATMC). A cross-sectional study was carried out with the participation of 248 women recruited in primary care centres by their midwives. All the women filled in answers on a mobile phone app with various different measurement instruments: the questionnaire created by Benyamini to evaluate their ATMC; the Spanish version of the Wallston MLC to evaluate their LC; and the Spanish adaptation of the "Revised Prenatal Coping Inventory (NuPCI)" scale for the assessment of their CS. The women presented a favourable attitude towards medicalization, with a mean ATMC score of 3.42. Both the LC and the CS of women during pregnancy are related to this attitude. Specifically, having an internal LC and using preparative CS both lower the probability of presenting a favourable attitude towards medicalization, while the lack of a paid job raises the probability. For each point in internal locus and preparatory coping, the ATMC score decreased by 0.02 and 0.23 points, respectively, while it increased by 0.18 for not having a paid job. The influence of these psychological factors must be taken into account in the development of content and interventions that promote a more natural birth.The grant received by the Institute of Health Carlos III, file number PI20/00899, within the State R&D&I Plan 2017-2020 and co-financed by the ISCII-Sub directorate-General Evaluation and Promotion of Fund Research European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). This study has been co-financed by the Basque Government Department of Health. File n: 2018111087