Dynamic and Public Evaluation Using Accurate Cloud Data in Imbalance

Customers of cloud services lose control over their data, making it more difficult to ensure its safety. New methods such as "provable data ownership" and "proofs of irretrievability" have been created as a solution to this problem; however, they are designed to audit static archive material and hence do not take data dynamics into consideration. As an added complication, the threat models used by these schemes often assume the data owner to be trustworthy and focus on identifying a hostile cloud service provider, even if the latter might be the source of any harmful action. Thus, there should be a public auditing mechanism that takes data dynamics into account and uses fair means to settle disputes. Specifically, we develop an index switcher to effectively handle data dynamics by doing away with the limitation of index use in tag computation imposed by conventional methods. We create new extensions to existing threat models and use the signature exchange idea to design fair arbitration mechanisms for resolving future disputes, all with the goal of ensuring that no one may participate in unfair activity without being discovered. Our approach seems secure, according to the security analysis, and the performance evaluation indicates that the extra work required for data dynamics and conflict resolution is not insurmountable

Spent mushroom substrates for ethanol production – Effect of chemical and structural factors on enzymatic saccharification and ethanolic fermentation of Lentinula edodes-pretreated hardwood

Spent mushroom substrates (SMS) from cultivation of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) on three hardwood species were investigated regarding their potential for cellulose saccharification and for ethanolic fermentation of the produced hydrolysates. High glucan digestibility was achieved during enzymatic saccharification of the SMSs, which was related to the low mass fractions of lignin and xylan, and it was neither affected by the relative content of lignin guaiacyl units nor the substrate crystallinity. The high nitrogen content in SMS hydrolysates, which was a consequence of the fungal pretreatment, was positive for the fermentation, and it ensured ethanol yields corresponding to 84–87% of the theoretical value in fermentations without nutrient supplementation. Phenolic compounds and acetic acid were detected in the SMS hydrolysates, but due to their low concentrations, the inhibitory effect was limited. The solid leftovers resulting from SMS hydrolysis and the fermentation residues were quantified and characterized for further valorisation

Design and FPGA Prototyping of a Flood Prediction System

This paper explains the chip design of a flood prediction system based on piezoelectric pressure sensors, and its FPGA prototyping. The sensors are placed at different water levels and can dependably predict the occurrence of a flood. The main criteria considered in design of the system are low cost, low power consumption, ease of installation, autonomy, reliability, and most importantly, provision of early alerts. Predicting the flood before its actual occurrence can buy sufficient time for residents to evacuate nearby areas, preventing loss of life and property. The design has been prototyped on Altera\u27s Cyclone DE2 FPGA board

Effect of Vertical Canard Location on Skin Friction Drag

This study investigates the viscous skin friction drag generation due to the three different vertical canard locations on the mid winger un-swept aircraft scaled-down model by using boundary layer measurements in the wind tunnel. The N22 airfoil was selected for the canard and the modified S1223 airfoil was selected for the wing. The laser cutting technique was employed for the fabrication of the wing, and canard airfoils, which gave sufficient dimensional accuracy to the model. The canard, wing, and fuselage were fabricated by balsa wood and strengthened by Aluminum stripes. The assembled model is tested in an open subsonic wind tunnel a fixed chord Reynolds number 3.8*106. The boundary layers were measured at 70% of the chord and at three different wingspan locations i.e. 30%, 60%, and 90% with 00 incidence angle. The canards were positioned at three vertical positions one at fuselage reference line (FRL) and the remaining two locations at ± 0.16 c from the FRL. The results were compared with wing-body alone and with three canard locations and found that the high canard configuration outperformed the other two configurations and also wing-body alone configuration as it provides half of the total drag. However, the high canard produces 15% more drag than the wing-body alone at the wing tip (90%).The aerodynamic performance of the high canard configuration was found to be significantly promising for the future use in drones and other small aircrafts

Fabrication and Analysis of Amorphous Silicon TFT

The display technology and large area electronics got momentum with the introduction of TFT devices. TFTs can be made using different semiconducting materials or organic conducting materials as the active layer. Each one of them differ in their performance depending on the material used for the active layer. In this paper, fabrication of amorphous silicon TFT using PECVD is carried out. Simulation of the a-Si: H TFT is also carried out with the dimensions similar to that of the masks used for the fabrication. The Id-Vd plot for both the simulation and fabrication is obtained and studied

DESIGN OF A CANARD-WING UAV

In this project, we intend to design a Canard wing-based Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), which can carry a wide range of missions, providing capabilities to handle our challenges with sophisticated care. Canard-based UAV is the latest trend in aviation technology designed for the use case of providing better maneuverability, which in result gives the UAV new capabilities, such as increased time for data gathering, transferring, and autonomous behavior. The basic disciplines like Aerodynamics, Engineering design, Flight dynamics, Propulsion, and Performance are carried out during the UAV designing process. The proposed methodology applied in this project is weight estimation, initial sizing, aerofoil and wing geometry, fuselage sizing, tail sizing, T/W ratio, aerodynamics, and performance analysis. The design of Canard Based UAV leads to a deeper understanding of the trade-off studies of the UAV and is demonstrated by optimizing for designed missions like surveillance. A drafted sketch is presented at the end of the design phase featuring the selected configurations of major components

Comparison of solid and liquid fractions of pretreated Norway spruce as reductants in LPMO-supported saccharification of cellulose

The role of lignin in enzymatic saccharification of cellulose involving lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) was investigated in experiments with the solid and liquid fractions of pretreated Norway spruce from a biorefinery demonstration plant using hydrothermal pretreatment and impregnation with sulfur dioxide. Pretreated biomass before and after enzymatic saccharification was characterized using HPAEC, HPLC, Py-GC/MS, 2D-HSQC NMR, FTIR, and SEM. Chemical characterization indicated that relatively harsh pretreatment conditions resulted in that the solid phase contained no or very little hemicellulose but considerable amounts of pseudo-lignin, and that the liquid phase contained a relatively high concentration (∼5 g/L) of lignin-derived phenolics. As judged from reactions continuously supplied with either air or nitrogen gas, lignin and lignin fragments from both the solid and the liquid phases efficiently served as reductants in LPMO-supported saccharification. When air was used to promote LPMO activity, the enzymatic conversion of cellulose after 72 h was 25% higher in reactions with pretreated solids and buffer, and 14% higher in reactions with pretreatment liquid and microcrystalline cellulose. Research in this area is useful for designing efficient saccharification steps in biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass

HUMAN ORGANIC SOLUTE TRANSPORTERS UTTERED IN SMALL INTESTINE, LIVER, AND KIDNEY FOR HOMEOSTASIS

The transporters participate in a significant role in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Transporters are of efflux and influx type, need ATP-binding sites for their in and out movement across the cell membrane. These transporters play an important role in allowing or opposing the drugs into the cells, results in non-linearity in drug pharmacokinetics. A wide range of transporters was discovered; among them, organic solute transporters (OST) play a key role in drug absorption and disposition. Organic solute transporters is a heteromeric transporter localized to the basolateral of epithelial cells. It is the primary efflux bile acid transporter in the intestine of mammals

Saccharification Potential of Transgenic Greenhouse- and Field-Grown Aspen Engineered for Reduced Xylan Acetylation

High acetylation of xylan in hardwoods decreases their value as biorefinery feedstocks. To counter this problem, we have constitutively suppressed RWA genes encoding acetyl-CoA transporters using the 35S promoter, or constitutively and wood-specifically (using the WP promoter) expressed fungal acetyl xylan esterases of families CE1 (AnAXE1) and CE5 (HjAXE), to reduce acetylation in hybrid aspen. All these transformations improved the saccharification of wood from greenhouse-grown trees. Here, we describe the chemical properties and saccharification potential of the resulting lines grown in a five-year field trial, and one type of them (WP:AnAXE1) in greenhouse conditions. Chemically, the lignocellulose of the field- and greenhouse-field-grown plants slightly differed, but the reductions in acetylation and saccharification improvement of engineered trees were largely maintained in the field. The main novel phenotypic observation in the field was higher lignification in lines with the WP promoter than those with the 35S promoter. Following growth in the field, saccharification glucose yields were higher from most transformed lines than from wild-type (WT) plants with no pretreatment, but there was no improvement in saccharification with acid pretreatment. Thus, acid pretreatment removes most recalcitrance caused by acetylation. We found a complex relationship between acetylation and glucose yields in saccharification without pretreatment, suggesting that other variables, for example, the acetylation pattern, affect recalcitrance. Bigger gains in glucose yields were observed in lines with the 35S promoter than in those with the WP promoter, possibly due to their lower lignin content. However, better lignocellulose saccharification of these lines was offset by a growth penalty and their glucose yield per tree was lower. In a comparison of the best lines with each construct, WP:AnAXE1 provided the highest glucose yield per tree from saccharification, with and without pretreatment, WP:HjAXE yields were similar to those of WT plants, and yields of lines with other constructs were lower. These results show that lignocellulose properties of field-grown trees can be improved by reducing cell wall acetylation using various approaches, but some affect productivity in the field. Thus, better understanding of molecular and physiological consequences of deacetylation is needed to obtain quantitatively better results