Educar en la disonancia simbólica. Voces indígenas interculturales durante la pandemia

This work presents the results of the first approach of an investigation carried out with different educational agents of a rural school, located in a Wixarika community in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. It recovers their educational experiences of social and compulsory isolation during the pandemic. The narrative was used to understand a reality constructed through the story.Este trabajo presenta los resultados del primer acercamiento de una investigación realizada a los diferentes agentes educativos de una escuela tridocente, ubicada en una comunidad Wixarika en el estado de Jalisco, México, se recuperan las expeiencias educativas durante el aislamiento social y obligatorio durante la pandemia. Se empleó la narrativa para comprender una realidad que es construida a través del relato

Acondicionamiento físico en escolares de 9 a 11 años de edad: diferencias por género (Physical conditioning in schoolchildren aged 9 to 11 years: differences by gender)

El objetivo fue comparar entre géneros los efectos de un programa de actividad física moderada a vigorosa en escolares de 9 a 11 años de edad. Se diseñó un estudio cuantitativo, de nivel explicativo, y alcance experimental, prospectivo, longitudinal. Muestra intencionada de 57 estudiantes de una Escuela Primaria de Durango, México. La mayoría de participantes fueron mujeres. Edades entre 9 a 11 años (M = 10.18 años,  0.78). Padres de participantes firmaron consentimiento informado. Se aplicó programa de entrenamiento físico de cargas moderadas/vigorosas durante 12 semanas, frecuenca de tres sesiones semanales de 50 minutos por sesión. Se aplicaron evaluaciones pre-post intervención de potencia muscular abdominal, resistencia muscular brazos/pectorales, velocidad de desplazamiento, capacidad aeróbica (VO2Max). Para analizar resultados se utilizó prueba T-Student o Wilcoxon según existiera normalidad de los datos determinada con la prueba Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Los resultados advierten en las cuatro pruebas físicas mejores resultados pretest en los chicos. Las chicas obtuvieron mejores resultados en potencia muscular abdominal y velocidad de desplazamiento en postest, los chicos en resistencia muscular brazos/pectorales y capacidad aeróbica. Las chicas obtuvieron mayor adaptación física evidenciada en las diferencias medias pretest-postest. Se concluye que mismo entrenamiento aplicado en chicos y chicas genera mayor efecto en la condición física de ellas acortando diferencias entre sexos en el rendimiento físico. Diferencias físicas entre sexos podrían disminuir con estimulación física intencionada.  The purpose was to compare the effects of a moderate to vigorous physical activity program between genders in schoolchildren aged 9 to 11 years. A quantitative, explanatory, and experimental, prospective, longitudinal study was designed. The sample was intended for 57 students from an Elementary School in Durango, Mexico. The participants were mostly women. The age was between 9 and 11 years old (M = 10.18 years,  0.78). Participant´s parents signed an informed consent. A moderate to vigorous physical load training program was applied for 12 weeks, with a three sessions per week frequency and lasting 50 minutes per session. Pre-post intervention evaluations were applied measuring abdominal muscle power, arm/pectoral muscle endurance, travel speed, and maximum aerobic resistance (VO2Max).  The results analysis was performed the T-Student or Wilcoxon test according to the normality of the data determined with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The results warn in the four physical tests applied best results in the pretest in boys. The girls got better results in abdominal muscle power and postest travel speed, boys in arm/pectoral muscle endurance and maximum aerobic endurance. The girls gained greater physical adaptation evidenced in the differences in pretest-postest stockings. Concludes that the same training applied in boys and girls generates greater effect on their physical condition by shortening the differences between sexes in physical performance. Physical differences between sexes may decrease with intentional physical stimulation

Diversidad de maiz en la sierra sur de Oaxaca, México: conocimiento y manejo tradicional.

El estado de Oaxaca representa un importante acervo de maíz en México. Estudios previos han indicado la presencia de muchas variedades locales y razas agronómicas en la Sierra Norte y Valles Centrales. La Sierra Sur ha sido poco estudiada a pesar de la presencia de comunidades indígenas zapotecas, las cuales cultivan maíz, entre otras especies, y han preservado las variedades locales. El presente estudio responde a las siguientes preguntas: ¿cuál es la diversidad de maíz en términos de variedades tradicionales y razas agronómicas en la región zapoteca de Los Loxicha?, ¿la diversidad de maíz sigue un patrón de distribución a lo largo de un gradiente altitudinal?, ¿cuáles prácticas promueven y mantienen esta diversidad? Para contestar estas preguntas se realizó un estudio en cinco municipios de la Sierra Sur de Oaxaca. Durante 2007 se aplicaron entrevistas estructuradas a 930 agricultores para describir el proceso de manejo de semilla. La caracterización morfológica de las razas agronómicas se basó en muestras de mazorcas obtenidas en 375 milpas, con 20 plantas por milpa. Se encontraron altos niveles de diversidad local de maíz, con 36 variedades tradicionales correspondientes a 10 razas agronómicas. Las razas exhibieron diferencias en términos de variación fenotípica, distribución altitudinal y algunas muestran adaptación local. Los agricultores practican algunas formas de manejo ancestral para la selección de mazorcas y semillas, manteniendo, así, ciertos niveles de diferenciación entre las variedades y las razas agronómicas. Sin embargo, al sembrar diferentes variedades dentro de la misma parcela, se promueve el flujo génico y la introgresión entre ellas, manteniendo y promoviendo la diversidad fenotípica y genética

Compromising between European and US allergen immunotherapy schools: Discussions from GUIMIT, the Mexican immunotherapy guidelines

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has a longstanding history and still remains the only disease-changing treatment for allergic rhinitis and asthma. Over the years 2 different schools have developed their strategies: the United States (US) and the European. Allergen extracts available in these regions are adapted to local practice. In other parts of the world, extracts from both regions and local ones are commercialized, as in Mexico. Here, local experts developed a national AIT guideline (GUIMIT 2019) searching for compromises between both schools. Methods: Using ADAPTE methodology for transculturizing guidelines and AGREE-II for evaluating guideline quality, GUIMIT selected 3 high-quality Main Reference Guidelines (MRGs): the European Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (EAACI) guideines, the S2k guideline of various German-speaking medical societies (2014), and the US Practice Parameters on Allergen Immunotherapy 2011. We formulated clinical questions and based responses on the fused evidence available in the MRGs, combined with local possibilities, patient's preference, and costs. We came across several issues on which the MRGs disagreed. These are presented here along with arguments of GUIMIT members to resolve them. GUIMIT (for a complete English version, see Supplementary data) concluded the following: Results: Related to the diagnosis of IgE-mediated respiratory allergy, apart from skin prick testing complementary tests (challenges, in vitro testing and molecular such as species-specific allergens) might be useful in selected cases to inform AIT composition. AIT is indicated in allergic rhinitis and suggested in allergic asthma (once controlled) and IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis. Concerning the correct subcutaneous AIT dose for compounding vials according to the US school: dosing tables and formula are given; up to 4 non-related allergens can be mixed, refraining from mixing high with low protease extracts. When using European extracts: the manufacturer's indications should be followed; in multi-allergic patients 2 simultaneous injections can be given (100% consensus); mixing is discouraged. In Mexico only allergoid tablets are available; based on doses used in all sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) publications referenced in MRGs, GUIMIT suggests a probable effective dose related to subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) might be: 50–200% of the monthly SCIT dose given daily, maximum mixing 4 allergens. Also, a table with practical suggestions on non-evidence-existing issues, developed with a simplified Delphi method, is added. Finally, dissemination and implementation of guidelines is briefly discussed, explaining how we used online tools for this in Mexico. Conclusions: Countries where European and American AIT extracts are available should adjust AIT according to which school is followed

Mis casos clínicos de especialidades odontológicas

Libro que muestra la atención de casos clínicos particulares referente a las diferentes especialidades odontológicasLibro que muestra la atención de casos clínicos particulares referente a las diferentes especialidades odontológicasUniversidad Autónoma de Campeche Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic

Las representaciones sociales y su relación con la práctica docente /

 tesis que para obtener el grado de Doctor en Pedagogía, presenta María Guadalupe Galván Martínez ; asesor sesor Martínez Rodríguez Miguel Ángel, Marco Eduardo Murueta Reyes, Antonio Carrillo Avelar, José Luis Romero Hernández, Armando Alcántara Santuario. 252, páginas : diagramas. Doctorado en Pedagogía UNAM, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Aragón, 201

Organization and Management of Conservation Programs and Research in Domestic Animal Genetic Resources

Creating national committees for domestic animal genetic resources within genetic resource national commissions is recommended to organize in situ and ex situ conservation initiatives. In situ conservation is a high priority because it retains traditional zootechnical contexts and locations to ensure the long-term survival of breeds. In situ actions can be based on subsidies, technical support, structure creation, or trademark definition. Provisional or permanent relocation of breeds may prevent immediate extinction when catastrophes, epizootics, or social conflicts compromise in situ conservation. Ex situ in vivo (animal preservation in rescue or quarantine centers) and in vitro methods (germplasm, tissues/cells, DNA/genes storage) are also potential options. Alert systems must detect emergencies and summon the national committee to implement appropriate procedures. Ex situ coordinated centers must be prepared to permanently or provisionally receive extremely endangered collections. National germplasm banks must maintain sufficient samples of national breeds (duplicated) in their collections to restore extinct populations at levels that guarantee the survival of biodiversity. A conservation management survey, describing national and international governmental and non-governmental structures, was developed. Conservation research initiatives for international domestic animal genetic resources from consortia centralize the efforts of studies on molecular, genomic or geo-evolutionary breed characterization, breed distinction, and functional gene identification. Several consortia also consider ex situ conservation relying on socioeconomic or cultural aspects. The CONBIAND network (Conservation for the Biodiversity of Local Domestic Animals for Sustainable Rural Development) exemplifies conservation efficiency maximization in a low-funding setting, integrating several Latin American consortia with international cooperation where limited human, material, and economic resources are available

Comparación de la mecha de lana en ovinos del tronco ibérico: el borrego chiapas negro (México) y la oveja manchega española

Resumen de la comunicación presentada al III Congreso Ibérico sobre Recursos Genéticos Animale