19 research outputs found
Food distribution influences social organization and population growth in a small rodent
This is the postprint version of the article. The published article can be located at the publisher's websiteIn polygynous mammals, the spatial clumping and predictability of food should influence spacing behavior of females whose reproductive success depends to a great extent on food availability, which would in turn affect male spacing behavior. Changes in the social and mating systems can then influence individual fitness and population dynamics. To test these hypotheses, we manipulated food distribution and predictability in enclosed populations of bank voles (Myodes glareolus) and monitored spacing behavior, survival, and reproduction of adult females and males over 3 months. Food was either spread out (dispersed treatment), spatially clumped and highly predictable (clumped treatment) or spatially clumped but less predictable (variable treatment). We found that females in the clumped treatment were more aggregated and had more overlapping home ranges compared with females in the dispersed and variable treatments. Male spacing behavior followed the same patterns. Despite different social organizations between treatments, no differences in home range size and mating systems were found in females and males. In addition, we found that females in the clumped food treatment had a higher probability of successfully producing weaned offspring, likely due to lower infanticide rates. This led to higher population growth compared with the other 2 treatments. These results suggest a tight relationship between the spatiotemporal distribution of food, social organization, and population dynamics.2014-04-3
Concurrent effects of age class and food distribution on immigration success and population dynamics in a small mammal
1. During the settlement stage of dispersal, the outcome of conflicts between residents and
immigrants should depend on the social organization of resident populations as well as on
individual traits of immigrants, such as their age class, body mass and/or behaviour.
2. We have previously shown that spatial distribution of food influences the social organization
of female bank voles (Myodes glareolus). Here, we aimed to determine the relative impact
of food distribution and immigrant age class on the success and demographic consequences
of female bank vole immigration. We manipulated the spatial distribution of food within populations
having either clumped or dispersed food. After a pre-experimental period, we
released either adult immigrants or juvenile immigrants, for which we scored sociability and
aggressiveness prior to introduction.
3. We found that immigrant females survived less well and moved more between populations
than resident females, which suggest settlement costs. However, settled juvenile immigrants
had a higher probability to reproduce than field-born juveniles.
4. Food distribution had little effects on the settlement success of immigrant females. Survival
and settlement probabilities of immigrants were influenced by adult female density in opposite
ways for adult and juvenile immigrants, suggesting a strong adultâadult competition. Moreover,
females of higher body mass at release had a lower probability to survive, and the
breeding probability of settled immigrants increased with their aggressiveness and decreased
with their sociability.
5. Prior to the introduction of immigrants, resident females were more aggregated in the
clumped food treatment than in the dispersed food treatment, but immigration reversed this
relationship. In addition, differences in growth trajectories were seen during the breeding season,
with populations reaching higher densities when adult immigrants were introduced in a
plot with dispersed food, or when juvenile immigrants were introduced in a plot with clumped
food.
6. These results indicate the relative importance of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on immigration
success and demographic consequences of dispersal and are of relevance to conservation
actions, such as reinforcement of small populations
Food distribution influences social organization and population growth in a small rodent
This is the postprint version of the article. The published article can be located at the publisher's websiteIn polygynous mammals, the spatial clumping and predictability of food should influence spacing behavior of females whose reproductive success depends to a great extent on food availability, which would in turn affect male spacing behavior. Changes in the social and mating systems can then influence individual fitness and population dynamics. To test these hypotheses, we manipulated food distribution and predictability in enclosed populations of bank voles (Myodes glareolus) and monitored spacing behavior, survival, and reproduction of adult females and males over 3 months. Food was either spread out (dispersed treatment), spatially clumped and highly predictable (clumped treatment) or spatially clumped but less predictable (variable treatment). We found that females in the clumped treatment were more aggregated and had more overlapping home ranges compared with females in the dispersed and variable treatments. Male spacing behavior followed the same patterns. Despite different social organizations between treatments, no differences in home range size and mating systems were found in females and males. In addition, we found that females in the clumped food treatment had a higher probability of successfully producing weaned offspring, likely due to lower infanticide rates. This led to higher population growth compared with the other 2 treatments. These results suggest a tight relationship between the spatiotemporal distribution of food, social organization, and population dynamics.2014-04-3
Biotic soil-plant interaction processes explain most of hysteretic soil CO2 efux response to temperature in cross-factorial mesocosm experiment
Ecosystem carbon fux partitioning is strongly infuenced by poorly constrained soil CO2 efux (Fsoil).
Simple model applications (Arrhenius and Q10) do not account for observed diel hysteresis between
Fsoil and soil temperature. How this hysteresis emerges and how it will respond to variation in
vegetation or soil moisture remains unknown. We used an ecosystem-level experimental system to
independently control potential abiotic and biotic drivers of the Fsoil-T hysteresis. We hypothesized
a principally biological cause for the hysteresis. Alternatively, Fsoil hysteresis is primarily driven by
thermal convection through the soil profle. We conducted experiments under normal, fuctuating
diurnal soil temperatures and under conditions where we held soil temperature near constant. We
found (i) signifcant and nearly equal amplitudes of hysteresis regardless of soil temperature regime,
and (ii) the amplitude of hysteresis was most closely tied to baseline rates of Fsoil, which were mostly
driven by photosynthetic rates. Together, these fndings suggest a more biologically-driven mechanism
associated with photosynthate transport in yielding the observed patterns of soil CO2 efux being out
of sync with soil temperature. These fndings should be considered on future partitioning models of
ecosystem respiration.French governmentFrench National Research Agency (ANR)
ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL
ANR-11-INBS-0001ENSUniversity of Arizona (UofA)Philecology Foundation (Fort Worth, Texas, USA)Thomas R. Brown Family FoundationRegion Ile-de-France
I-05-098/R
2011-11017735European Union (EU)National Science Foundation (NSF)
1417101
1331408European Union (EU)
625988UofA Office of Global InitiativesOffice of the Vice President of Research at the UofAUMI iGLOBES program at the Uof
Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries
Abstract
Background
Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.
Methods
This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and lowâmiddle-income countries.
Results
In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of âsingle-useâ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for lowâmiddle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia.
Conclusion
This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both highâ and lowâmiddleâincome countries
Concurrent effects of age class and food distribution on immigration success and population dynamics in a small mammal
1. During the settlement stage of dispersal, the outcome of conflicts between residents and
immigrants should depend on the social organization of resident populations as well as on
individual traits of immigrants, such as their age class, body mass and/or behaviour.
2. We have previously shown that spatial distribution of food influences the social organization
of female bank voles (Myodes glareolus). Here, we aimed to determine the relative impact
of food distribution and immigrant age class on the success and demographic consequences
of female bank vole immigration. We manipulated the spatial distribution of food within populations
having either clumped or dispersed food. After a pre-experimental period, we
released either adult immigrants or juvenile immigrants, for which we scored sociability and
aggressiveness prior to introduction.
3. We found that immigrant females survived less well and moved more between populations
than resident females, which suggest settlement costs. However, settled juvenile immigrants
had a higher probability to reproduce than field-born juveniles.
4. Food distribution had little effects on the settlement success of immigrant females. Survival
and settlement probabilities of immigrants were influenced by adult female density in opposite
ways for adult and juvenile immigrants, suggesting a strong adultâadult competition. Moreover,
females of higher body mass at release had a lower probability to survive, and the
breeding probability of settled immigrants increased with their aggressiveness and decreased
with their sociability.
5. Prior to the introduction of immigrants, resident females were more aggregated in the
clumped food treatment than in the dispersed food treatment, but immigration reversed this
relationship. In addition, differences in growth trajectories were seen during the breeding season,
with populations reaching higher densities when adult immigrants were introduced in a
plot with dispersed food, or when juvenile immigrants were introduced in a plot with clumped
food.
6. These results indicate the relative importance of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on immigration
success and demographic consequences of dispersal and are of relevance to conservation
actions, such as reinforcement of small populations
Food distribution influences social organization and population growth in a small rodent
In polygynous mammals, the spatial clumping and predictability of food should influence spacing behavior of females whose reproductive success depends to a great extent on food availability, which would in turn affect male spacing behavior. Changes in the social and mating systems can then influence individual fitness and population dynamics. To test these hypotheses, we manipulated food distribution and predictability in enclosed populations of bank voles (Myodes glareolus) and monitored spacing behavior, survival, and reproduction of adult females and males over 3 months. Food was either spread out (dispersed treatment), spatially clumped and highly predictable (clumped treatment) or spatially clumped but less predictable (variable treatment). We found that females in the clumped treatment were more aggregated and had more overlapping home ranges compared with females in the dispersed and variable treatments. Male spacing behavior followed the same patterns. Despite different social organizations between treatments, no differences in home range size and mating systems were found in females and males. In addition, we found that females in the clumped food treatment had a higher probability of successfully producing weaned offspring, likely due to lower infanticide rates. This led to higher population growth compared with the other 2 treatments. These results suggest a tight relationship between the spatiotemporal distribution of food, social organization, and population dynamics
Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on abiotic and biologically-driven basalt weathering and C sequestration
International audienc