Efecto de la administración exógena de IL-12 en un modelo murino de enfermedad de injerto contra el huésped

Consultable des del TDXTítol obtingut de la portada digitalitzadaHemos analizado el efecto de la IL-12 sobre la enfermedad autoinmune en un modelo murino semialogénico de enfermedad crónica de injerto contra el huésped (EICHc) inducida en ratones (Balb/c X A/J) F1 (CAF1) inyectados por vía intraperitoneal con células semialogénicas de la cepa parental BALB/c. La IL-12 fue administrada 1 h antes del transplante de células semialogénicas siguiendo dos protocolos diferentes de administración: (a) inyectando 2 g de rmIL-12 (IL-12 murina recombinante) por ratón antes de la primera inyección de células semialogénicas; o (b) inyectando los 2 g de rmIL-12 fraccionada en 5 días. Se produjo una respuesta Th1 pero no apareció la enfermedad aguda de la EICH a pesar de las diferencias en clase I y II de antígenos del complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad (MHC) entre donante y receptor. Cuatro días después de la transferencia de células semialogénicas, los ratones tratados con rmIL-12 mostraron una marcada reducción en el porcentaje de células B comparado con animales control CAF1 y ratones con EICH CAF1+BALB/c. Después de 5-6 meses de seguimiento de la enfermedad, el quimerismo de células donantes incrementó significativamente en bazo (70 31 vs 43 31 %) y en timo. La citometría de flujo de esplenocitos demostró que el quimerismo de células donante estaba constituido por linfocitos T CD4, T CD8 y B y los porcentajes fueron más elevados en animales inyectados con IL-12. Además, el 100% de linfocitos T CD8 fueron de origen donante en los animales con EICH tratados con IL-12 y el 50 % fueron de origen donante en los animales con EICH no tratados. Los resultados demostraron que: (1) La IL-12 probablemente juega un papel en el mecanismo del quimerismo de células donantes, probablemente producido por mecanismos mediados por CTL donantes anti-huésped; (2) no induce la enfermedad aguda de ICH a pesar de las diferencias en clase I y II de moléculas del MHC; (3) la IL-12 no muestra ningún efecto sobre signos clínicos de la enfermedad AR-like desarrollada en este modelo de EICH aunque los signos subclínicos histológicos fueron menos frecuentes, y no se detectó glomerulonefritis en ratones con EICH tratados con IL-12.We analyzed the IL-12 effect in an autoimmune disease induced in a semiallogenic murine model of graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) Balb/c semiallogenic lymphoid cells i.v. infected in hybrid mice (Balb/c x A/J) F1 (CAF). IL-12 was administered 1 h before cell transplantation following two different protocols: (a) injecting 2 microg of mrIL-12 (murine recombinant IL-12) per mouse before the first semiallogenic cell injection; or (b) injecting the 2 microg of mrIL-12 fractionated in 5 days. ATh1 response was produced but an acute GVHD did not appear although differences in class I and II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens were present. Four days after the semiallogenic cell transfer, IL-12 treated mice showed a marked reduction in the percent of spleen B cells compared with CAF1 control and CAF1 + Balb/c GVHD mice. After 5-6 months of follow-up, the donor cell chimerism increased significantly in spleen (70 +/- 31 vs. 43 +/- 31%) and in thymus. Flow cytometry of spleen lymphocytes demonstrated that donor chimerism was made up of TCD4, TCD8 and B lymphocytes and was higher in animals injected with IL-12. Moreover, CD8 T lymphocytes were 100% donor origin in the IL-12-injected group of GVHD animals and 50% origin in the IL-12-non-injected CAF1 + Balb/c group of animals. This paper shows that: (1) IL- 12 may play a role in the mechanisms of donor cell engraftment, probably produced by a CTL donor anti-host mechanism; (2) no acute GVHD was induced in spite of class I and II MHC differences; (3) IL-12 did not show any effect on the AR-like clinical signs of disease developed in this model of GVHD although histological subclinical signs were less frequent, and no glomerulonephritis was detected in the IL-12-treated GVHD mice

Los niños y niñas de cinco y seis años y su particular percepción de los árboles

Sin resume

CO oxidation at low temperature on Au/CePO4: Mechanistic aspects

This work reports the synthesis and characterization of a cerium phosphate supported gold catalyst as well as its catalytic activity for the oxidation of CO. A precipitation method in the presence of an organic modifier followed by a hydrothermal treatment was used for the support synthesis, resulting in high surface area nanometric particles. Gold/cerium phosphate catalyst with a 1% (w/w) nominal gold content was characterized using XRF, XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption measurements, TEM and DRIFTS-MS. The catalyst shows good catalytic activity at low temperature. The activity is related to the generation of oxygen vacancies in the support caused by the elimination of structural oxygen. In situ studies revealed that the reaction of the oxygen vacancies with gaseous oxygen resulted in the formation of peroxo species. These species are responsible for the activity detected at room temperature in both the catalyst and the support. Moreover, the presence of carbonate and hydrogen carbonate acting as reaction intermediates have been observed

Deciphering the molecular mechanism underpinning phage arbitrium communication systems

Bacillus phages use a communication system, termed “arbitrium,” to coordinate lysis-lysogeny decisions. Arbitrium communication is mediated by the production and secretion of a hexapeptide (AimP) during lytic cycle. Once internalized, AimP reduces the expression of the negative regulator of lysogeny, AimX, by binding to the transcription factor, AimR, promoting lysogeny. We have elucidated the crystal structures of AimR from the Bacillus subtilis SPbeta phage in its apo form, bound to its DNA operator and in complex with AimP. AimR presents intrinsic plasticity, sharing structural features with the RRNPP quorum-sensing family. Remarkably, AimR binds to an unusual operator with a long spacer that interacts nonspecifically with the receptor TPR domain, while the HTH domain canonically recognizes two inverted repeats. AimP stabilizes a compact conformation of AimR that approximates the DNA-recognition helices, preventing AimR binding to the aimX promoter region. Our results establish the molecular basis of the arbitrium communication system

Plautus in Quevedo’s Rebusco de Apuntamientos autógrafos

En estas páginas se analizan unos versos, que Quevedo copió de su mano, de tres comedias de Plauto; en ellos había descubierto expresiones latinas que la lengua española poseía con el mismo sentido. Son anotaciones que podían estar destinadas al tratado De la común razón de las letras y lenguas, que don Francisco pensaba publicar. Vieron la luz en 1859. Se conservan en el manuscrito M-530 de la Biblioteca Menéndez Pelayo. Las editamos y comentamos. En ellas se descubre de nuevo al Quevedo humanista.In this work, the present authors have analyzed some verses from three comedies by Plautus, copied by Francisco de Quevedo verbatim. He had found out Latin expressions there used in Spanish with the same meaning. They are annotations which could be intended for the treaty entitled De la común razón de las letras y lenguas, which Quevedo was planning to publish. They were finally released in 1859. They are kept in manuscript M-530 at the Library Menéndez Pelayo. They are edited and commented on in this work. In these annotations, the reader will find Quevedo as an accomplished man-of-letters

Intensifying glycerol steam reforming on a monolith catalyst: a reaction kinetic model

In this work, a structured monolithic catalyst has been tested under a wide range of conditions (partial pressure, residence time, temperature and time-on-stream), with the aim of modeling its kinetic behavior and assessing its economic and upscaling potential. We have developed a sequential model to help us interpret both main trends and salient features. Unexpected behavior was found for certain parameter values, which led us to consider kinetic parasitic effects such as mass or heat transfer limitations. By independently invoking these effects, a conciliatory view of the results observed could not be reached. A combined explanation may prove successful, although overfitting could not be ruled out at this point. More importantly, however, the observed salient features of this stable and selective monolith catalyst may hold potential for process intensification of glycerol steam reforming, thus contributing to a more sustainable industry.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad ENE2013-47880-C3-2-R, ENE2015-66975-C3-2-

Luminescent microbial bioassays and microalgal biosensors as tools for environmental toxicity evaluation

This chapter deals with toxicity bioassays and biosensors based on luminescent microorganisms that report on global toxicity of a sample in such a way that luminescence is reduced or inhibited in the presence of toxic compounds that impair metabolism. Both natural as well as recombinant microorganisms are considered. A detailed description of their main characteristics and environmental applications is reported. A few examples of bioassays for detecting oxidative stress (both bioluminescent and fluorescent bioreporters) are also mentioned and discussed as reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and subsequent oxidative stress if the antioxidant defenses of the cells are surpassed is one of the main mechanisms of toxicity for most pollutants. There is also a section dedicated to microalgal–based biosensors given their ecological relevance as primary producers, their easiness of culture and immobilization in different matrices, ability to acclimate to low nutrients conditions and ubiquity in aquatic environments. The most used toxicity endpoints for this type of biosensors are the alteration of photosynthetic activity (optical and amperometric biosensors) and the inhibition of enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase (APA) or sterases (mostly conductometric biosensors). The main information is shown in tables that include the microorganisms, their main characteristics (reporter gene systems, transducer types for biosensors) and their main environmental applications as well as relevant references. Although some of these bioassays have already been standardized by different international organizations, there are still many which are also promising tools for environmental global toxicity evaluation and should be fully validated and standardized for regulatory purposesThis research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), grant CTM2016-74927-C2-2-

La violencia de los hijos hacia los padres y de los padres hacia los hijos: una revisión metaanalítica

In order to examine the literature on the relationship between child-to-parent violence and parent-to-child violence, a meta-analytic review was designed with 26 effect sizes assessing the relationship between child-to-parent and parentto-child violence in 19 primary studies. Correlational effect sizes were computed and corrected for sampling error, and predictor and criterion unreliability. The results showed a significantly positive, medium magnitude (ρ = .36) mean true effect size for the relationship between child-to-parent violence and parent-to-child violence. Similar results were found for direct and vicarious victimization. The probability of developing child-to-parent violence for children victimized by parents increased 71% as compared to non-victimized children. The child-to parent violence type (physical or psychological), and the population (judicial or community) were analysed as moderators. The results revealed similar effects in both types of child-to-parent violence and in both populations: a significantly positive, medium in magnitude mean true effect size. The theoretical and practical implications for measuring child-to parent violence are discussed.Con el propósito de examinar la literatura sobre la relación entre la violencia de hijos a padres y la violencia de padres a hijos, se diseñó una revisión metaanalítica con 26 tamaños del efecto que evalúan la relación de la violencia entre hijos y padres y padres e hijos en 19 estudios principales. Se calcularon y corrigieron los tamaños del efecto correlacional para el error de muestreo y la predicción y la fiabilidad del criterio. Los resultados mostraron una magnitud media significativamente positiva (ρ = .36), que significa el tamaño verdadero del efecto para la relación entre la violencia de hijos a padres y la violencia de padres a hijos. Se encontraron resultados similares para la victimización directa e indirecta. La probabilidad de desarrollar violencia de hijos a padres para los niños victimizados por los padres aumentó 71% en comparación con los niños no victimizados. El tipo de violencia del niño hacia el padre (física o psicológica) y la población (judicial o comunitaria) se analizaron como moderadores. Los resultados revelaron efectos similares en ambos tipos de violencia entre padres e hijos en ambas poblaciones: un nivel de efecto medio significativamente positivo, de magnitud media. Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas para medir la violencia de los hijos hacia sus padres.Financiado polo Ministerio de Economía, Industria e Competitividade de España (PSI2017-87278-R).S

A method healthy gymnastics school age: the aesthetic group gymnastics

Los hábitos posturales se forman y consolidan durante la infancia y la adolescencia, habiéndose registrado en las últimas décadas un aumento notable de los problemas de dolor de espalda y desalineaciones del raquis cada vez a más temprana edad, posiblemente debido a desequilibrios musculares. En este contexto se presenta la Gimnasia Estética de Grupo (GEG), especialidad que nace durante el movimiento gimnástico de principios del siglo XIX en el norte de Europa, y a la que estudios recientes le atribuyen beneficios notables sobre la salud postural. Además de las trasferencias educativas y de valores que están asociadas a las diferentes modalidades deportivas gimnásticas, esta modalidad deportiva artística, expresiva y grupal se apoya en un reglamento deportivo especialmente cuidado para potenciar la adquisición de hábitos posturales e higiénicos beneficiosos para la salud del raquis de los gimnastas.The postural habits are consolidated during childhood and adolescence. It has been recorded in the last decades a significant increase of the back pain and spinal misalignments increasingly at younger ages, possibly due to muscle imbalances. In this context, the Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (GEG), sport that born during the early nineteenth century in northern Europe, to whom recent studies attribute significant health and postural benefits. In addition to the educational values that are associated with different gymnastic sports, this artistic, expressive and group sport is based on a especially careful regulation that promote the acquisition of beneficial postural and hygiene habits.peerReviewe