Quality requirements of Biomedical Wearable and Implantable devices

Due to growing old age population and increase in chronic diseases at all the ages across the world, there is an opportunity for Biomedical device companies for a vital investment and address the problems by introducing risk free, effective, and safe devices into the market. Presently, the market for Biomedical Wearable and Implantable devices is in high demand due to wider applications and advance in computing algorithms in Medical industry. The current thesis has been focused on commercialising and quality requirements of Biomedical Wearable and Implantable devices by understanding the market requirements and increase in global demand for quality devices. In order to manufacture an effective Biomedical device, manufactures have to establish quality management systems in every phase of product development phase to produce safe and effective devices, and meet the requirements of regulatory authorities who in turn are answerable to the public. These Biomedical devices can extend and give quality life to the patient sufferings. Though companies see a profitable business for these innovative Biomedical devices, stringent requirements and longer approval time process from regulatory authorities are making the Biomedical device companies to rethink to enter the market in these Biomedical devices. Moreover, regulatory authorities should consider adopting the global nomenclature and standards due to increasing global demand supply chain management for these devices

Study of auditory processing and suppression of otoacoustic emissions in children with developmental dyslexia

Orientador: Maria Francisca Colella dos SantosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências MédicasResumo: Introdução: Para o adequado desenvolvimento das habilidades de leitura e escrita, é necessário a integridade do sistema nervoso, atenção seletiva e sustentada, discriminação auditiva, memória de curto e longo prazo e consciência fonológica, que podem ser avaliadas no conjunto de testes do processamento auditivo (PA). Tem sido sugerido que a função do sistema olivocolear medial pode ser avaliado por meio da supressão das emissões otoacústicas transientes (EOATs). A função desse sistema tem sido estudada em crianças com distúrbio do PA devido à sua suposta ação na melhora da discriminação auditiva e inteligibilidade de fala em ambientes ruidosos. Objetivo: Analisar o processamento auditivo e o efeito de supressão das EOATs em crianças com dislexia. Além disso, analisar o efeito de um programa de remediação fonológica, de leitura e escrita no PA. Material e Método: Os sujeitos foram divididos em três grupos: GE1: 23 crianças com dislexia; GE2: 15 crianças do GE1 foram reavaliadas após serem submetidas à remediação fonológica, de leitura e escrita; GC: 28 crianças de escola pública, sem queixas auditivas e escolares. Foram realizados os procedimentos: anamnese, avaliação audiológica básica, avaliação do PA e supressão das EOAs. Resultados: As crianças com dislexia apresentaram desempenho estatisticamente inferior ao do GC nos testes: memória sequencial não verbal (MSNV), teste dicótico de dígitos (TDD), teste de padrão de duração (TPD), teste de padrão de frequência (TPF), e gaps in noise (GIN) - orelha esquerda. O GE1 não apresentou supressão das EOAs. Não houve correlação entre os testes de PA e os valores de supressão das EOATs em nenhum grupo avaliado. As crianças do GE2 apresentaram melhora estatisticamente significante no desempenho nos testes TDD, TPD, TPD e GIN pós remediação. Apenas os meninos apresentaram supressão das EOAs na etapa pós remediação. Conclusão: As crianças com dislexia deste estudo apresentaram alteração nos testes de PA, principalmente na habilidade auditiva de ordenação temporal. A remediação fonológica, de leitura e escrita, foi capaz de melhorar as habilidades auditivas das crianças com dislexia deste estudoAbstract: Introduction: For an adequate development of learning and writing abilities it is necessary the nervous system integrity, selective and sustained attention, auditory discrimination, short and long term memories and phonological awareness, which can be evaluated through auditory processing (AP) tests. It has been suggested that the function of the medial olivocochlear system can be evaluated by the suppression effect of the transient otoacoustic emission (TOAE). This system's function has been studied in children with disorder of AP because of its supposed actions on the improvement of auditory discrimination and speech intelligibility in noisy environments. Aim: Analyze the auditory processing and the suppression effect of transient otoacoustic emission (TOAE) in children with dyslexia, and analyze the effect of phonological, reading and writing remediation program in the AP. Material and Method: Children were divided in three groups: GE1: 23 dyslexia children; GE2: 15 children of GE1 were evaluated again after phonological, reading and writing remediation program; GC: 28 children of public school, without hearing or learning disabilities. Procedures were performed: anamnesis, basic audiologic evaluation, AP tests and suppression of OEA. Results: Children with dyslexia presented performance statistically inferior than GC in nonverbal sequential memory test (NSMT), dichotic digit test (DDT), pitch and duration pattern sequence test (PPS and DPS) and gaps in noise (GIN) - left hear. GE1 didn't present suppression of OAE. There wasn't correlation between the AP tests and the supression of OEA in any of the evaluated groups. The children of GE2 presented improvement statistically significant in performance in: DDT, PPS, DPS and GIN after remediation program. Only boys presented suppression of OEA in pos testing. Conclusion: Children with dyslexia from this study presented alteration in AP tests, mainly in auditory ability of temporal ordering. Phonological, reading and writing remediation were able to improve the auditory abilities of children with dyslexia from this studyMestradoSaude da Criança e do AdolescenteMestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescent

O Bestiário de Clarice Lispector

Orientador: Fernando Cerisara GilDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes. Curso de Pós-Graduação em Letras. Defesa : Curitiba, 28/05/2001Inclui referênciasResumo: Neste trabalho estudamos o bestiário de Clarice Lispector. Investigamos uma possível perspectiva romântica e mítica na prosa da escritora que se instala via bestiário e experimentação da linguagem. Examinamos, ainda, um certo posicionamento social da prosa de ficção da escritora que estaria relacionado, por um lado, à função dos bichos enquanto representação ficcional e, por outro, estaria assentado na experimentação da linguagem numa concepção moderna de imagem e representação, que parece ser o que perpassa e define a proposta estética da produção literária da obra clariceana.Abstract: This work presents a study on Clarice Lispector's "bestiary" world. We examined a certain romantic and mythical view in the writer's prose determined through bestiary and language experimentation. We also make comments on a social status of the Clarice's prose which would be related to, on the one hand, the animals while a fictional representation, on the other hand, a related to the language experimentation issue in a modern conception of image and representation that, in the final analysis, seems to be the thing crossing and Clarice Lispector's aesthetic literary production proposal

Spin polarization of carriers in InGaAs self-assembled quantum rings inserted in GaAs-AlGaAs resonant tunneling devices

In this work, we have investigated transport and polarization resolved photoluminescence (PL) of n-type GaAs-AlGaAs resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) containing a layer of InGaAs self-assembled quantum rings (QRs) in the quantum well (QW). All measurements were performed under applied voltage, magnetic fields up to 15 T and using linearly polarized laser excitation. It was observed that the QRs’ PL intensity and the circular polarization degree (CPD) oscillate periodically with applied voltage under high magnetic fields at 2 K. Our results demonstrate an effective voltage control of the optical and spin properties of InGaAs QRs inserted into RTDs

ADELINE WRONA : « LE PHÉNOMÈNE CONTEMPORAIN DU NOUVEL INDIVIDUALISME EST RELATIF »

Adeline Wrona est responsable de la formation en Journalisme de l’Université Paris Sorbonne (Celsa, Paris 4). Depuis des années, elle a consacré ses recherches aux relations entre littérature et communication. L’un des plus importants de ses nombreux travaux est le livre Face au Portrait : de Sainte-Beuve à Facebook. Paru en 2012, il a touché une bonne partie des intelectuels français en se confrontant à la question des écrivains journalistes et leurs modes de médiation. Selon la professeure Fiona McIntosh, de l’Université Lille, en surmontant l’approche historique et en analysant la méthode de construction des portraits, Adeline Wrona a été capable d’établir un lien original entre les portraits en littérature, dans les Arts plastiques, la photographie et, plus récemment, l’univers numérique. Dans cet entretien avec Non Plus, Adeline Wrona a discuté les concepts qu’elle a employé pour analyser l’évolution des portraits et nous offre une conclusion inquiétante : ce qu’on appele un nouvel individualisme n’est qu’un concept relatif face aux portraits littéraires parus dans les premiers médias modernes

Role of dorsal onlay buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty for long anterior urethral strictures

Background: Treatment of the urethral strictures is challenging and with appropriate evaluation preoperatively and surgery planning it is possible to achieve good results. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of dorsal onlay buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty in treating long anterior urethral strictures.Methods: Between August 2018 to July 2019 a total of 25 patients with anterior urethral stricture were treated with dorsal onlay buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty. Age, etiology of the stricture, stricture length (≤ 7 cm, and > 7 cm), and site of the stricture were assessed as the factors affecting the success rate.Results: The clinical outcome as Success was defined as the patient not needing any form of urethral instrumentation postoperatively. The mean follow-up period was 18 months. Of 25 patients, 22 (92%) were successful and 3 (8%) were a failure. There was no statistically significant difference between the age groups, etiology of the stricture and success rate (p=0.21 and p=0.444). The statistical difference was significant for the site and length of the stricture by means of success (p=0.005 and p=0.025).Conclusions: Our results show stricture length and localization are the most important variables for good success. Because of less failure rate, single-stage dorsal onlay buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty may be offered as an alternative to staged urethroplasty in case of long urethral strictures.

A PROSPECTIVE STUDY COMPARING TUBELESS MINI-PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY TO RETROGRADE INTRARENAL SURGERY FOR ≤2 CM RENAL STONES.

Objective: The present study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of tubeless mini-PCNL and RIRS in the management of renal stones of ⩽2 cm size. Patients and methods: This was a prospective study in 80 patients with renal stones of ⩽2 cm and were divided into two equal groups of patients choice: Group 1 were managed by tubeless mini-PCNL and Group 2 by RIRS using flexible ureteroscopy and laser. Intraoperative events like duration of surgery, stone clearance and complications were noted. Postoperative parameters taken into account were pain score, parenteral analgesic requirements, bleeding, need for blood transfusion, fever, hospital stay, cost of the procedure and number of days taken to return to normal work. Results: Both groups were comparable for preoperative parameters. Mean duration of surgery in group 1 and group 2 was 68.88 ± 7.20 minutes and 92.25 ± 14.62 minutes respectively (p<0.00001). The mean haemoglobin fall in group 1 and group 2 was 0.47±0.24 g/dl and in group 2 was 0.28±0.18 g/dl respectively (p=0.00013). In group 2, residual stones were present in 4 patients (on follow-up at 3 weeks), while in group 1 there was no residual stones. The cost of the treatment was more in the RIRS group with statistically significant difference (p<0.005). Conclusion: In a urological setup where LASER and flexible ureteroscope are not available, tubeless mini PCNL is a safe, efficacious and cost-effective option for the management of smaller (⩽ 2 cm) stones compared to RIRS procedure. Recommendations: Mini PCNL and RIRS are safe and feasible surgical options to manage ⩽ 2 cm renal stones. We recommend tubeless mini PCNL in a setup where LASER and flexible ureteroscope are not available

Hole spin injection from a GaMnAs layer into GaAs-AlAs-InGaAs resonant tunneling diodes

We have investigated the polarization-resolved electroluminescence (EL) of a p–i–n GaAs/AlAs/InGaAs resonant tunneling diode (RTD) containing a GaMnAs (x  =  5%) spin injector under high magnetic fields. We demonstrate that under hole resonant tunneling condition, the GaMnAs contact acts as an efficient spin-polarized source for holes tunneling through the device. Polarization degrees up to 80% were observed in the device around the hole resonance at 2 K under 15 T. Our results could be valuable for improving the hole-spin injection in GaMnAs-based spintronic devices

Circular polarization in n-type resonant tunneling diodes with Si delta-doping in the quantum well

In this work, we have investigated magneto-transport and polarization resolved photoluminescence of a GaAs/AlGaAs resonant tunneling diode with Si delta-doping at the center of the quantum well under a magnetic field parallel to the tunnel current. Three resonant peaks were observed in the current-voltage characteristics curve (J(V)) which were associated to donor-assisted resonant tunneling, electron resonant tunneling and to phonon-­assisted resonant tunneling. The optical emission from GaAs contact layers shows evidence of highly spin-polarized two-dimensional electron and hole gases which affect the spin-polarization of carriers in the well. The quantum well photoluminescence shows strong circular polarization degrees with values up to 85% under 15T at the donor assisted resonant tunneling peak voltage. Our results can be exploited for future development of voltage-controlled spintronics devices

Spin injection in n-type resonant tunneling diodes

We have studied the polarized resolved photoluminescence of n-type GaAs/AlAs/GaAlAs resonant tunneling diodes under magnetic field parallel to the tunnel current. Under resonant tunneling conditions, we have observed two emission lines attributed to neutral (X) and negatively charged excitons (X− ). We have observed a voltage-controlled circular polarization degree from the quantum well emission for both lines, with values up to −88% at 15 T at low voltages which are ascribed to an efficient spin injection from the 2D gases formed at the accumulation layers