Research in Phyto‐Constituents for Treatment of Wounds

Disruption of normal architecture of skin is referred to as wound. There are different types of wounds like contusion, excision, incision, burn, diabetic, etc. The body has its own mechanism to heal wounds in three major overlapping phases, namely inflammatory, proliferative and remodelling. Any agent that promotes the healing process can be utilized as a wound healing agent. Plants have been a great source of medicines to treat wounds. Elucidation of the mechanism of wound healing helped researchers to investigate plants in detail and find out their active constituents. Various biochemical changes take place during the wound healing process, and these changes served as targets for in vitro and in vivo models. In vitro and in vivo models are extensively utilized to evaluate wound healing activity. The present chapter gives an overview of some classes of phyto‐constituents having wound healing activity

Review: Pharmacological effects of Capparis spinosa L.

Medicinal plants have been known as one of the most important therapeutic agents since ancient times. During the last two decades, much attention has been paid to the health-promoting effects of edible medicinal plants, because of multiple beneficial effects and negligible adverse effects. Capparis spinosa L. is one of the most common medicinal plants, used widely in different parts of the world to treat numerous human diseases. This paper aims to critically review the available scientific literature regarding the health-promoting effects of C. spinosa, its traditional uses, cultivation protocols and phytochemical constituents. Recently, a wide range of evidence has shown that this plant possesses different biological effects, including antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial effects. Phytochemical analysis shows that C. spinosa has high quantities of bioactive constituents, including polyphenolic compounds, which are responsible for its health-promoting effects, although many of these substances are present in low concentrations and significant changes in their content occur during processing. In addition, there is negligible scientific evidence regarding any adverse effects. Different health promotion activities, as well as tremendous diversity of active constituents, make C. spinosa a good candidate for discovering new drugs. However these findings are still in its infancy and future experimental and clinical studies are needed

Securing The Data Using Video Steganography

Steganography is a process of hiding important message or data inside other data to protect the important message from unauthorized users. Messages and converted data may be any type of data such as text, audio, image, and video. The main aim of steganography is to mask the hidden message and to prevent the hidden messages from being detected from unauthorized access. In this project we proposed a frequency domain steganography technique for hiding large amount of data with high security a good invisibility and no loss of secret message. The basic idea to hide information in the frequency domain is to alter the magnitude of the entire DCT coefficient of cover image. The 2-D DCT converts the image block from spatial domain to frequency domain.The 2D-DCT ofthe video is taken and the secret message is embedded.The PSNR value is calculated to evaluate the quality ofthe video after the data hiding. The simulation resultsshows that the proposed algorithm is the best suited forsteganography

SECURING THE DATA USING VIDEO STEGANOGRAPHY

Steganography is a process of hiding important message or data inside other data to protect the important message from unauthorized users. Messages and converted data may be any type of data such as text, audio, image, and video. The main aim of steganography is to mask the hidden message and to prevent the hidden messages from being detected from unauthorized access. In this project we proposed a frequency domain steganography technique for hiding large amount of data with high security a good invisibility and no loss of secret message. The basic idea to hide information in the frequency domain is to alter the magnitude of the entire DCT coefficient of cover image. The 2-D DCT converts the image block from spatial domain to frequency domain.The 2D-DCT ofthe video is taken and the secret message is embedded.The PSNR value is calculated to evaluate the quality ofthe video after the data hiding. The simulation resultsshows that the proposed algorithm is the best suited forsteganography

Anticonvulsant Effect of Origanum Majorana L.

Origanum majorana Linn. (Family- Labiatae) is a herb, commonly grows in Mediterranean regions. The plant has been used in the treatment of diseases related to the nervous system as an antiepileptic and sedative drug in traditional medicines. In this study, anticonvulsant and sedative activities for different extracts of aerial parts (leaves and stems) of O. majorana are evaluated. An anticonvulsant effect of O. majorana was investigated using the Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES) test The pet ether, chloroform, acetone, methanol and aqueous extracts (PEOM, CEOM, ACEOM, MEOM, and AQEOM respectively) of O. majorana exhibited anticonvulsant effect in both the PTZ and MES induced seizure models at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg, i.p. The extracts of O. majorana delayed the onset of seizures and reduced the duration of seizures in PTZ test and decreased the duration of seizures in MES test compared to the control group. The CEOM exhibited maximum reduction (58.47 and 44.83% in PTZ and MES test respectively) in the duration of seizures, hence it was processed to isolate triterpenoic acid fraction (TAF) which contained substantial amount of ursolic acid. The TAF exhibited maximum reduction (64.54 and 59.31% in PTZ and MES test respectively) in the duration of seizures compared to the other extracts of O. majorana. Also, the test extracts decreased the latency and increased the duration of total sleeping time significantly. The antagonism of chemically and electrically induced seizures that O. majorana extracts possess anticonvulsant activity. Presence of flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids and essential oil may be responsible for the anticonvulsant activity of this plant

VIDEO STEGANOGRAPHY ALGORITHM AND ITS ANALYSIS

Now a day, it's terribly risky to handle the information in web against intruders. Information is mostly within the type of text, audio, video and image. Steganography is one among the most effective strategies to share the information on the QT and firmly. Steganography algorithmic rule is applied to audio, video and image file. Secret information could also be within the kind of text, image or perhaps within the kind of video and audio. Concealing secret info in video file is understood as video steganography. In this paper varied video steganography techniques and its algorithms has been bestowed

An Insight into the Metabolism of 2,5-Disubstituted Monotetrazole Bearing Bisphenol Structures: Emerging Bisphenol A Structural Congeners

The non-estrogenic 2,5-disubstituted tetrazole core-bearing bisphenol structures (TbB) are being researched as emerging structural congeners of Bisphenol A, an established industrial endocrine disruptor. However, there is no understanding of TbB’s adverse effects elicited via metabolic activation. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the metabolism of TbB ligands, with in silico results serving as a guide for in vitro studies. The Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) inhibitory assay of TbB ligands on the seven human liver CYP isoforms (i.e., 1A2, 2A6, 2D6, 2C9, 2C8, 2C19, and 3A4) using human liver microsomes (HLM) revealed TbB ligand 223-3 to have a 50% inhibitory effect on all the CYP isoforms at a 10 μM concentration, except 1A2. The TbB ligand 223-10 inhibited 2B6 and 2C8, whereas the TbB ligand 223-2 inhibited only 2C9. The first-order inactivity rate constant (Kobs) studies indicated TbB ligands 223-3, 223-10 to be time-dependent (TD) inhibitors, whereas the TbB 223-2 ligand did not show such a significant effect. The 223-3 exhibited a TD inhibition for 2C9, 2C19, and 1A2 with Kobs values of 0.0748, 0.0306, and 0.0333 min−1, respectively. On the other hand, the TbB ligand 223-10 inhibited 2C9 in a TD inhibition manner with Kobs value 0.0748 min−1. However, the TbB ligand 223-2 showed no significant TD inhibition effect on the CYPs. The 223-2 ligand biotransformation pathway by in vitro studies in cryopreserved human hepatocytes suggested the clearance via glucuronidation with the predominant detection of only 223-2 derived mono glucuronide as a potential inactive metabolite. The present study demonstrated that the 223-2 ligand did not elicit any significant adverse effect via metabolic activation, thus paving the way for its in vivo drug–drug interactions (DDI) studies

Wound-healing activity of an oligomer of alkannin/shikonin, isolated from root bark of <i>Onosma echioides</i>

<div><p>Root bark of <i>Onosma echioides</i> belonging to the family Boraginaceae is reported to be rich in naphthaquinones such as alkannins and shikonins. In this study, a dimer of alkannin/shikonin was isolated from the petroleum ether (60–80 C) extract of the bark, and the structure of the same was elucidated through spectral studies (UV, IR, NMR, MS and DEPT). The petroleum ether extract was found to contain 62.4% (w/w) of the dimer of alkannin/shikonin, and the compound is found to promote wound-healing process, when studied in the excision and incision wound models in albino rats.</p></div