Cyclic metric Lie groups

Cyclic metric Lie groups are Lie groups equipped with a left-invariant metric which is in some way far from being biinvariant, in a sense made explicit in terms of Tricerri and Vanhecke's homogeneous structures. The semisimple and solvable cases are studied. We extend to the general case, Kowalski-Tricerri's and Bieszk's classifications of connected and simply-connected unimodular cyclic metric Lie groups for dimensions less than or equal to five

Principales estrategias que se formulan y plantean las empresas nicaragüenses para permanecer en un mercado competitivo

La supervivencia de las empresas nicaragüenses en mercados de competencia global depende en gran medida de las estrategias que estas implementan. De aquí la importancia que tienen para las empresas utilizar estrategias que les permitan diferenciarse en su sector industrial, esta diferenciación puede generarse a través de fuentes de ventaja competitiva como calidad, innovación, eficiencia, buen servicio, de igual manera pueden diferenciarse siendo líder en costo. Existen otros tipos de estrategias, además de la diferenciación y el liderazgo en bajo costo que también ayudan a las empresas tanto a obtener competitividad como a fortalecer su posición competitiva estas son, las estrategias de alta segmentación, diversificación, integración vertical y de conglomerado. La competitividad de las empresas depende también de la disponibilidad de tecnologías novedosas aptas para hacerle frente a demás empresas, acceso recursos financieros con baja tasas de interés que propicien una adecuada infraestructura, así como facilidad a obtener materia prima a costos accesibles. Sin embargo la mayoría de las empresas nicaragüenses no disponen de estos recursos. El diseño de una estrategia de negocio viable, esta fundamentada en un proceso de planeación estratratégica en forma explicita, en donde se elige al equipo de planeación encargado de realizar dicho proceso con valores congruentes hacia la toma de riesgos, perspectivas de crecimiento con espíritu creativo e innovador, responsable de formular la misión de la empresa en forma clara y concisa. De igual manera toda empresa debe tomar en cuenta el monitoreo del entorno con el fin de adaptarse a los cambios que se den tanto en el ambiente interno como externo, realizar una auditoria del desempeño, análisis de brecha, integrar planes de acción, planes de contingencia y la implementación. Las empresas deben aprovechar la herramienta (BCG) Boston Consulting Group que permiten evaluar y clasificar su cartera de negocio de acuerdo a la participación relativa y crecimiento de cada producto o servicio en el mercado; en interrogantes, estrellas, vacas de efectivo y perros con el fin de asignar los recursos adecuadamente. Otra herramienta necesaria para las empresas es la matriz expansión mercado-producto, a través del cual pueden obtener mayor crecimiento, ya sea penetrando en mercados existentes con productos existentes o desarrollando productos nuevos para mercados existentes, desarrollo del mercado con productos existentes y diversificando sus productos hacia nuevos mercados Como toda persona, los productos también pasan por un ciclo de vida desde que nacen hasta que mueren, el cual esta compuesto por las siguientes etapas, introducción, crecimiento, madurez y declive. Cada una de estas etapas necesita de estrategias que permitan a las empresas mantener el producto en el mercado. El posicionamiento es útil para que las empresas se diferencien unas de otras a través de las estrategias de posicionamiento de acuerdo a la competencia, en relación con el mercado meta, en relación con la clase del producto, y de acuerdo a los bajos precios y calidad, con el fin de ocupar un lugar en la mente de cada consumido

A genome-wide 20 K citrus microarray for gene expression analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Understanding of genetic elements that contribute to key aspects of citrus biology will impact future improvements in this economically important crop. Global gene expression analysis demands microarray platforms with a high genome coverage. In the last years, genome-wide EST collections have been generated in citrus, opening the possibility to create new tools for functional genomics in this crop plant.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We have designed and constructed a publicly available genome-wide cDNA microarray that include 21,081 putative unigenes of citrus. As a functional companion to the microarray, a web-browsable database <abbrgrp><abbr bid="B1">1</abbr></abbrgrp> was created and populated with information about the unigenes represented in the microarray, including cDNA libraries, isolated clones, raw and processed nucleotide and protein sequences, and results of all the structural and functional annotation of the unigenes, like general description, BLAST hits, putative Arabidopsis orthologs, microsatellites, putative SNPs, GO classification and PFAM domains. We have performed a Gene Ontology comparison with the full set of Arabidopsis proteins to estimate the genome coverage of the microarray. We have also performed microarray hybridizations to check its usability.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This new cDNA microarray replaces the first 7K microarray generated two years ago and allows gene expression analysis at a more global scale. We have followed a rational design to minimize cross-hybridization while maintaining its utility for different citrus species. Furthermore, we also provide access to a website with full structural and functional annotation of the unigenes represented in the microarray, along with the ability to use this site to directly perform gene expression analysis using standard tools at different publicly available servers. Furthermore, we show how this microarray offers a good representation of the citrus genome and present the usefulness of this genomic tool for global studies in citrus by using it to catalogue genes expressed in citrus globular embryos.</p

Simulación computacional del fenómeno de relajación de tensiones en polímeros compuestos termoplásticos

Se propone en este trabajo el desarrollo de una metodología que permita abordar el modelado del comportamiento de materiales de componentes de cocinas de inducción que trabajan bajo condiciones de deformación constante, tratando de optimizar la predicción del fenómeno de relajación de tensiones. Se presentan resultados de calibración del modelo inicial

Numerical Simulation of Steel Reinforced Concrete (SRC) Joints

This paper presents a three-dimensional finite element model to confirm experimental tests carried out on steel reinforced concrete joints. The nonlinear behavior of this concrete is simulated, along with its reduced capability to resist large displacements in compression. The aim was to obtain the plastic behavior of reinforced concrete beams with a numerical model in the same way as obtained experimentally, in which the reduction of strength in the post-critical stage was considered to simulate behavior until structures collapsed. To do this, a nonlinear calculation was necessary to simulate the behavior of each material. Three numerical models provide a moment–curvature graph of the cross-section until collapse. Simulation of the structural elements is a powerful tool that avoids having to carry out expensive experimental tests. From the experimental results a finite element model is simulated for the non-linear analysis of steel reinforced concrete joints. It is possible to simulate the decreasing stress behavior of the concrete until reaching considerable displacement. A new procedure is discussed to capture the moment-curvature diagram. This diagram can be used in a simplified frame analysis, considering post-critical behavior for future research

Chapter Managing Heat Transfer Issues in Thermoelectric Microgenerators

This chapter deals with heat transfer challenges in the microdomain. It focuses on practical issues regarding this matter when attempting the fabrication of small footprint thermoelectric generators (μTEGs). Thermoelectric devices are designed to bridge a heat source (e.g. hot surface) and a heat sink (e.g. ambient) assuring that a significant fraction of the available temperature difference is captured across the active thermoelectric materials. Coexistence of those contrasted temperatures in small devices is challenging. It requires careful decisions about the geometry and the intrinsic thermal properties of the materials involved. The geometrical challenges lead to micromachined architectures, which silicon technologies provide in a controlled way, but leading to fragile structures, too. In addition, extracting heat from small systems is problematic because of the high thermal resistance associated to heat exchanged by natural convection between the surrounding air and small bare surfaces. Forced convection or the application of a cold finger clearly shows the usefulness of assembling a heat exchanger in a way that is effective and compliant with the mechanical constraints of micromachined devices. Simulations and characterization of fabricated structures illustrate the effectiveness of this element integration and its impact on the trade-off between electrical and thermal behavior of the active materials in device performance

PRX2 and PRX25, peroxidases regulated by COG1, are involved in seed longevity in Arabidopsis

[EN] Permeability is a crucial trait that affects seed longevity and is regulated by different polymers including proanthocyanidins, suberin, cutin and lignin located in the seed coat. By testing mutants in suberin transport and biosynthesis, we demonstrate the importance of this biopolymer to cope with seed deterioration. Transcriptomic analysis of cog1-2D, a gain-of-function mutant with increased seed longevity, revealed the upregulation of several peroxidase genes. Reverse genetics analysing seed longevity uncovered redundancy within the seed coat peroxidase gene family; however, after controlled deterioration treatment, seeds from the prx2 prx25 double and prx2 prx25 prx71 triple mutant plants presented lower germination than wild-type plants. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of the seed coat of these mutants showed a thinner palisade layer, but no changes were observed in proanthocyanidin accumulation or in the cuticle layer. Spectrophotometric quantification of acetyl bromide-soluble lignin components indicated changes in the amount of total polyphenolics derived from suberin and/or lignin in the mutant seeds. Finally, the increased seed coat permeability to tetrazolium salts observed in the prx2 prx25 and prx2 prx25 prx71 mutant lines suggested that the lower permeability of the seed coats caused by altered polyphenolics is likely to be the main reason explaining their reduced seed longevityRenard, J.; Martínez-Almonacid, I.; Sonntag, A.; Molina, I.; Moya-Cuevas, J.; Bissoli, G.; Muñoz-Bertomeu, J.... (2020). PRX2 and PRX25, peroxidases regulated by COG1, are involved in seed longevity in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell & Environment. 43(2):315-326. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13656S315326432Almagro, L., Gómez Ros, L. V., Belchi-Navarro, S., Bru, R., Ros Barceló, A., & Pedreño, M. A. (2008). Class III peroxidases in plant defence reactions. 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Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 10(3), 252-259. doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2007.04.004GoffL TrapnellC&KelleyD(2014)CummeRbund: Analysis exploration manipulation and visualization of Cufflinks high‐throughput sequencing data. R package version 2.22.0.Gou, M., Hou, G., Yang, H., Zhang, X., Cai, Y., Kai, G., & Liu, C.-J. (2016). The MYB107 Transcription Factor Positively Regulates Suberin Biosynthesis. Plant Physiology, 173(2), 1045-1058. doi:10.1104/pp.16.01614Graça, J. (2015). Suberin: the biopolyester at the frontier of plants. Frontiers in Chemistry, 3. doi:10.3389/fchem.2015.00062Haughn, G., & Chaudhury, A. (2005). Genetic analysis of seed coat development in Arabidopsis. Trends in Plant Science, 10(10), 472-477. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2005.08.005Herrero, J., Fernández-Pérez, F., Yebra, T., Novo-Uzal, E., Pomar, F., Pedreño, M. Á., … Zapata, J. M. (2013). Bioinformatic and functional characterization of the basic peroxidase 72 from Arabidopsis thaliana involved in lignin biosynthesis. Planta, 237(6), 1599-1612. doi:10.1007/s00425-013-1865-5Kim, D., Langmead, B., & Salzberg, S. L. (2015). HISAT: a fast spliced aligner with low memory requirements. Nature Methods, 12(4), 357-360. doi:10.1038/nmeth.3317Kosma, D. K., Murmu, J., Razeq, F. M., Santos, P., Bourgault, R., Molina, I., & Rowland, O. (2014). At MYB 41 activates ectopic suberin synthesis and assembly in multiple plant species and cell types. The Plant Journal, 80(2), 216-229. doi:10.1111/tpj.12624Kunieda, T., Shimada, T., Kondo, M., Nishimura, M., Nishitani, K., & Hara-Nishimura, I. (2013). Spatiotemporal Secretion of PEROXIDASE36 Is Required for Seed Coat Mucilage Extrusion in Arabidopsis  . The Plant Cell, 25(4), 1355-1367. doi:10.1105/tpc.113.110072Lee, Y., Rubio, M. C., Alassimone, J., & Geldner, N. (2013). A Mechanism for Localized Lignin Deposition in the Endodermis. Cell, 153(2), 402-412. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.02.045Liang, M., Davis, E., Gardner, D., Cai, X., & Wu, Y. (2006). 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Phytochemistry, 67(23), 2597-2610. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.09.011Molina, I., Ohlrogge, J. B., & Pollard, M. (2007). Deposition and localization of lipid polyester in developing seeds of Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana. The Plant Journal, 53(3), 437-449. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03348.xMoreira‐Vilar F C. Siqueira‐Soares R deC Finger‐Teixeira A. Oliveira de D. M. Ferro AP Rocha daG J. Ferrarese M deLL Santos dosW. D. Ferrarese‐Filho O(2014).The Acetyl Bromide Method Is Faster Simpler and Presents Best Recovery of Lignin in Different Herbaceous Tissues than Klason and Thioglycolic Acid Methods. PLoS ONE 9:e110000.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110000Oñate-Sánchez, L., & Vicente-Carbajosa, J. (2008). DNA-free RNA isolation protocols for Arabidopsis thaliana, including seeds and siliques. BMC Research Notes, 1(1), 93. doi:10.1186/1756-0500-1-93Østergaard, L., Teilum, K., Mirza, O., Mattsson, O., Petersen, M., Welinder, K. G., … Henriksen, A. (2000). Plant Molecular Biology, 44(2), 231-243. doi:10.1023/a:1006442618860Pfaffl, M. W. (2001). A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR. Nucleic Acids Research, 29(9), 45e-45. doi:10.1093/nar/29.9.e45Passardi, F., Longet, D., Penel, C., & Dunand, C. (2004). The class III peroxidase multigenic family in rice and its evolution in land plants☆☆☆. Phytochemistry, 65(13), 1879-1893. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.06.023Pedreira, J., Herrera, M. T., Zarra, I., & Revilla, G. (2010). The overexpression of AtPrx37, an apoplastic peroxidase, reduces growth in Arabidopsis. Physiologia Plantarum, 141(2), 177-187. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2010.01427.xPollard, M., Beisson, F., Li, Y., & Ohlrogge, J. B. (2008). Building lipid barriers: biosynthesis of cutin and suberin. Trends in Plant Science, 13(5), 236-246. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2008.03.003Quiroga, M., Guerrero, C., Botella, M. A., Barceló, A., Amaya, I., Medina, M. I., … Valpuesta, V. (2000). 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Combined technique as first approach in mechanical thrombectomy: Efficacy and safety of REACT catheter combined with stent retriever

Acute stroke; Endovascular treatment; Mechanical thrombectomyAccidente cerebrovascular agudo; Tratamiento endovascular; Trombectomía mecánicaAccident cerebrovascular agut; Tractament endovascular; Trombectomia mecànicaIntroduction Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) with combined treatment including both a stent retriever and distal aspiration catheter may improve recanalization rates in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO). Here, we evaluated the effectiveness and safety of the REACT aspiration catheter used with a stent retriever. Methods This prospective study included consecutive adult patients who underwent MT with a combined technique using REACT 68 and/or 71 between June 2020 and July 2021. The primary endpoints were final and first pass mTICI 2b-3 and mTICI 2c-3 recanalization. Analysis was performed after first pass and after each attempt. Secondary safety outcomes included procedural complications, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) at 24 h, in-hospital mortality, and 90-day functional independence (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0–2). Results A total of 102 patients were included (median age 78; IQR: 73–87; 50.0% female). At baseline, median NIHSS score was 19 (IQR: 11–21), and ASPECTS was 9 (IQR: 8–10). Final mTICI 2b-3 recanalization was achieved in 91 (89.2%) patients and mTICI 2c-3 was achieved in 66 (64.7%). At first pass, mTICI 2b-3 was achieved in 55 (53.9%) patients, and mTICI 2c-3 in 37 (36.3%). The rate of procedural complications was 3.9% (4/102), sICH was 6.8% (7/102), in-hospital mortality was 12.7% (13/102), and 90-day functional independence was 35.6% (36/102). Conclusion A combined MT technique using a stent retriever and REACT catheter resulted in a high rate of successful recanalization and first pass recanalization in a sample of consecutive patients with AIS due to LVO in clinical use

Managing Heat Transfer Issues in Thermoelectric Microgenerators

This chapter deals with heat transfer challenges in the microdomain. It focuses on practical issues regarding this matter when attempting the fabrication of small footprint thermoelectric generators (μTEGs). Thermoelectric devices are designed to bridge a heat source (e.g. hot surface) and a heat sink (e.g. ambient) assuring that a significant fraction of the available temperature difference is captured across the active thermoelectric materials. Coexistence of those contrasted temperatures in small devices is challenging. It requires careful decisions about the geometry and the intrinsic thermal properties of the materials involved. The geometrical challenges lead to micromachined architectures, which silicon technologies provide in a controlled way, but leading to fragile structures, too. In addition, extracting heat from small systems is problematic because of the high thermal resistance associated to heat exchanged by natural convection between the surrounding air and small bare surfaces. Forced convection or the application of a cold finger clearly shows the usefulness of assembling a heat exchanger in a way that is effective and compliant with the mechanical constraints of micromachined devices. Simulations and characterization of fabricated structures illustrate the effectiveness of this element integration and its impact on the trade-off between electrical and thermal behavior of the active materials in device performance

Estrategias docentes para la activacion del clima/ambiente en el aula

Los cambios producidos en los últimos años, con los nuevos planes de estudio, han configurado nuevas titulaciones y con ello, vienen asociados nuevos horarios de trabajo en las diferentes asignaturas. Ahora la mayoría de las titulaciones tienen turnos de mañana o de tarde en rangos que comprenden desde las 8.00 de la mañana hasta las 21:30 y donde independientemente de la hora, se le exige al alumno/a una atención activa y una participación que se les mide con bastante constancia, afectando en su rendimiento final. El objetivo de este proyecto es realizar un estudio sobre asignaturas que tiene horarios en franjas horarias de la primera hora de la mañana y/o última de la tarde, ver cómo afecta su motivación y participación en las diferentes actividades docentes, e introducir técnicas alternativas transversales (investigación de acción) que puedan influenciar en su ciclo circadiano para mejorar sus rendimientos