Contribuições do Pibid na construção dos conhecimentos específicos na formação inicial de professores de Ciências

O presente artigo apresenta algumas reflexões sobre as relações entre o conteúdo específico no ensino de ciências de licenciandos construídas a partir da sua participação no Programa de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid). Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, onde os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários e analisados a partir da análise de conteúdo que nos permitiu identificar 12 categorias sobre a forma como o licenciando relaciona os conhecimentos específicos na sua área a partir da sua participação no Pibid. Infere-se, partindo dos resultados, que a participação no Pibid vivenciada pelos licenciandos, possibilita uma relação com o ensino do conteúdo específico de ciências diferenciada, construída a partir da realidade no contexto escolar, desenvolvendo sua capacidade didática, colocando-se em profunda reflexão e que contribui para a sua identidade docente

ESTAÇÃO ESPACIAL INTERNACIONAL: O LABORATÓRIO ESPACIAL

A mais de 300 km de altura, a uma velocidade de 27.000 km/h, ou seja, fazendo entre 16 e 15 órbitas completas por dia ao redor da Terra, e pesando 419 455 kg, se encontra a Estação Espacial Internacional. Em um contexto de cooperação mundial pós guerra fria, sua montagem em órbita começa em 1998 para ser finalizada em 2011 na missão STS-135, usada para diversos tipos de experiências científicas, estes que devem ser feitos em benefício de todos os países que ajudaram em sua construção, por exemplo a RKK (Rússia), a Agência Espacial Europeia (Europa), além do Japão, união que a pouco tempo seria impossível. O objetivo desse trabalho é aumentar o conhecimento da população sobre a estação espacial internacional. Percebe-se que hoje em dia a ainda há pouco conhecimento sobre a ISS (International Space Station) e com este trabalho pretende-se aumentar o conhecimento e mostrar os avanços especiais que um dia pode permitir que o ser humano habite fora da terra. Desta forma a pesquisa tem total objetivo em trazer curiosidades, de forma não monótona ao público, para os mesmos compreenderem a importância da ISS para a área científica, bem como tendo uma imagem de exemplo a fim de torná-lo interessante e agradável para o interesse dos visitantes. O mesmo trabalho será fonte de artigos, tais quais serão escolhidos conforme esclareçam de melhor maneira os dados sobre a ISS. As ideias do trabalho serão todas elaboradas pelos alunos participantes do grupo, bem como sua execução. Com seu tempo de órbita, a ISS possui cada vez mais assuntos para interessar o público, como descobertas médicas, astronômicas, meteorológicas entre vários outros tipos de estudos científicos. Por exemplo, durante o período no espaço, médicos a bordo perceberam uma mudança na estrutura óssea e muscular de outros passageiros ocasionadas pela microgravidade, e a partir dessa descoberta, os mesmos conseguiram informações essencialmente úteis sobre problemas como osteoporose e distrofia muscular. Além disso, a ISS tem apoio de diversos países, o que auxilia no maior interesse do público mundial, já que não se trata mais apenas de “um sonho americano ” mas sim, de todo o mundo. Concluímos que a estação espacial internacional tem grande importância no desenvolvimento de pesquisas científicas que influenciam diretamente no desenvolvimento da sociedade tais como nas áreas de astrobiologia, astronomia e medicina espacial e muitas outras. A estação espacial internacional também representa a união e cooperação internacional, pois foi desenvolvida, elaborada e construída com a ajuda de diversos países, estes também que utilizam a estação para desenvolver pesquisas e experimentos. Ela é a principal base humana no espaço e simboliza o avanço e a união da comunidade científica internacional

Impaired chair-to-bed transfer ability leads to longer hospital stays among elderly patients

BACKGROUND: The study objectives were to identify the main predictive factors for long hospital stays and to propose new and improved methods of risk assessment. METHODS: This prospective cohort study was conducted in the clinics and surgical wards of a tertiary hospital and involved 523 elderly patients over 60 years of age. Demographic, clinical, functional, and cognitive characteristics assessed between 48 and 72 h after admission were analyzed to investigate correlations with lengths of stay greater than 10 days. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, and in the final model, long-term probability scores were estimated for each variable. RESULTS: Of the 523 patients studied, 33 (6.3%) remained hospitalized for more than 10 days. Multiple regression analysis revealed that both the presence of diabetes and the inability to perform chair-to-bed transfers (Barthel Index) remained significant risk predictors. Diabetes doubled the risk of prolonged hospital stays, while a chair-to-bed transfer score of 0 or 5 led to an eight-fold increase in risk. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we propose an easy method that can be used, after external validation, to screen for long-term risk (using diabetes and bed/chair transfer) as a first step in identifying hospitalized elderly patients who will require comprehensive assessment to guide prevention plans and rehabilitation programs

Temas Socio-Jurídicos. Volumen 2 No. 4 Enero de 1984

El Centro de Investigaciones de la Corporación Universitaria Autónoma de Bucaramanga, entrega a sus lectores la edición No. 11 de la Revista “Temas Socio Jurídicos’’ de la Facultad de Derecho.The Research Center of the Autonomous University Corporation of Bucaramanga, delivers to its readers the edition No. 11 of the Magazine "Socio Legal Issues" of the Faculty of Law

Development and validation of a rabbit model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa non-ventilated pneumonia for preclinical drug development

BackgroundNew drugs targeting antimicrobial resistant pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, have been challenging to evaluate in clinical trials, particularly for the non-ventilated hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia indications. Development of new antibacterial drugs is facilitated by preclinical animal models that could predict clinical efficacy in patients with these infections.MethodsWe report here an FDA-funded study to develop a rabbit model of non-ventilated pneumonia with Pseudomonas aeruginosa by determining the extent to which the natural history of animal disease reproduced human pathophysiology and conducting validation studies to evaluate whether humanized dosing regimens of two antibiotics, meropenem and tobramycin, can halt or reverse disease progression.ResultsIn a rabbit model of non-ventilated pneumonia, endobronchial challenge with live P. aeruginosa strain 6206, but not with UV-killed Pa6206, caused acute respiratory distress syndrome, as evidenced by acute lung inflammation, pulmonary edema, hemorrhage, severe hypoxemia, hyperlactatemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and hypoglycemia, which preceded respiratory failure and death. Pa6206 increased >100-fold in the lungs and then disseminated from there to infect distal organs, including spleen and kidneys. At 5 h post-infection, 67% of Pa6206-challenged rabbits had PaO2 <60 mmHg, corresponding to a clinical cut-off when oxygen therapy would be required. When administered at 5 h post-infection, humanized dosing regimens of tobramycin and meropenem reduced mortality to 17-33%, compared to 100% for saline-treated rabbits (P<0.001 by log-rank tests). For meropenem which exhibits time-dependent bactericidal activity, rabbits treated with a humanized meropenem dosing regimen of 80 mg/kg q2h for 24 h achieved 100% T>MIC, resulting in 75% microbiological clearance rate of Pa6206 from the lungs. For tobramycin which exhibits concentration-dependent killing, rabbits treated with a humanized tobramycin dosing regimen of 8 mg/kg q8h for 24 h achieved Cmax/MIC of 9.8 ± 1.4 at 60 min post-dose, resulting in 50% lung microbiological clearance rate. In contrast, rabbits treated with a single tobramycin dose of 2.5 mg/kg had Cmax/MIC of 7.8 ± 0.8 and 8% (1/12) microbiological clearance rate, indicating that this rabbit model can detect dose-response effects.ConclusionThe rabbit model may be used to help predict clinical efficacy of new antibacterial drugs for the treatment of non-ventilated P. aeruginosa pneumonia

Future-ai:International consensus guideline for trustworthy and deployable artificial intelligence in healthcare

Despite major advances in artificial intelligence (AI) for medicine and healthcare, the deployment and adoption of AI technologies remain limited in real-world clinical practice. In recent years, concerns have been raised about the technical, clinical, ethical and legal risks associated with medical AI. To increase real world adoption, it is essential that medical AI tools are trusted and accepted by patients, clinicians, health organisations and authorities. This work describes the FUTURE-AI guideline as the first international consensus framework for guiding the development and deployment of trustworthy AI tools in healthcare. The FUTURE-AI consortium was founded in 2021 and currently comprises 118 inter-disciplinary experts from 51 countries representing all continents, including AI scientists, clinicians, ethicists, and social scientists. Over a two-year period, the consortium defined guiding principles and best practices for trustworthy AI through an iterative process comprising an in-depth literature review, a modified Delphi survey, and online consensus meetings. The FUTURE-AI framework was established based on 6 guiding principles for trustworthy AI in healthcare, i.e. Fairness, Universality, Traceability, Usability, Robustness and Explainability. Through consensus, a set of 28 best practices were defined, addressing technical, clinical, legal and socio-ethical dimensions. The recommendations cover the entire lifecycle of medical AI, from design, development and validation to regulation, deployment, and monitoring. FUTURE-AI is a risk-informed, assumption-free guideline which provides a structured approach for constructing medical AI tools that will be trusted, deployed and adopted in real-world practice. Researchers are encouraged to take the recommendations into account in proof-of-concept stages to facilitate future translation towards clinical practice of medical AI

It is time to define an organizational model for the prevention and management of infections along the surgical pathway : a worldwide cross-sectional survey

Background The objectives of the study were to investigate the organizational characteristics of acute care facilities worldwide in preventing and managing infections in surgery; assess participants' perception regarding infection prevention and control (IPC) measures, antibiotic prescribing practices, and source control; describe awareness about the global burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and IPC measures; and determine the role of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic on said awareness. Methods A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted contacting 1432 health care workers (HCWs) belonging to a mailing list provided by the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery. The self-administered questionnaire was developed by a multidisciplinary team. The survey was open from May 22, 2021, and June 22, 2021. Three reminders were sent, after 7, 14, and 21 days. Results Three hundred four respondents from 72 countries returned a questionnaire, with an overall response rate of 21.2%. Respectively, 90.4% and 68.8% of participants stated their hospital had a multidisciplinary IPC team or a multidisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship team. Local protocols for antimicrobial therapy of surgical infections and protocols for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis were present in 76.6% and 90.8% of hospitals, respectively. In 23.4% and 24.0% of hospitals no surveillance systems for surgical site infections and no monitoring systems of used antimicrobials were implemented. Patient and family involvement in IPC management was considered to be slightly or not important in their hospital by the majority of respondents (65.1%). Awareness of the global burden of AMR among HCWs was considered very important or important by 54.6% of participants. The COVID-19 pandemic was considered by 80.3% of respondents as a very important or important factor in raising HCWs awareness of the IPC programs in their hospital. Based on the survey results, the authors developed 15 statements for several questions regarding the prevention and management of infections in surgery. The statements may be the starting point for designing future evidence-based recommendations. Conclusion Adequacy of prevention and management of infections in acute care facilities depends on HCWs behaviours and on the organizational characteristics of acute health care facilities to support best practices and promote behavioural change. Patient involvement in the implementation of IPC is still little considered. A debate on how operationalising a fundamental change to IPC, from being solely the HCWs responsibility to one that involves a collaborative relationship between HCWs and patients, should be opened.Peer reviewe

ECMO for COVID-19 patients in Europe and Israel

Since March 15th, 2020, 177 centres from Europe and Israel have joined the study, routinely reporting on the ECMO support they provide to COVID-19 patients. The mean annual number of cases treated with ECMO in the participating centres before the pandemic (2019) was 55. The number of COVID-19 patients has increased rapidly each week reaching 1531 treated patients as of September 14th. The greatest number of cases has been reported from France (n = 385), UK (n = 193), Germany (n = 176), Spain (n = 166), and Italy (n = 136) .The mean age of treated patients was 52.6 years (range 16–80), 79% were male. The ECMO configuration used was VV in 91% of cases, VA in 5% and other in 4%. The mean PaO2 before ECMO implantation was 65 mmHg. The mean duration of ECMO support thus far has been 18 days and the mean ICU length of stay of these patients was 33 days. As of the 14th September, overall 841 patients have been weaned from ECMO support, 601 died during ECMO support, 71 died after withdrawal of ECMO, 79 are still receiving ECMO support and for 10 patients status n.a. . Our preliminary data suggest that patients placed on ECMO with severe refractory respiratory or cardiac failure secondary to COVID-19 have a reasonable (55%) chance of survival. Further extensive data analysis is expected to provide invaluable information on the demographics, severity of illness, indications and different ECMO management strategies in these patients