Integrated Application of Active Controls (IAAC) technology to an advanced subsonic transport project: Current and advanced act control system definition study. Volume 2: Appendices

The current status of the Active Controls Technology (ACT) for the advanced subsonic transport project is investigated through analysis of the systems technical data. Control systems technologies under examination include computerized reliability analysis, pitch axis fly by wire actuator, flaperon actuation system design trade study, control law synthesis and analysis, flutter mode control and gust load alleviation analysis, and implementation of alternative ACT systems. Extensive analysis of the computer techniques involved in each system is included

Concrete Domains

This paper introduces the theory of a particular kind of computation domains called concrete domains. The purpose of this theory is to find a satisfactory framework for the notions of coroutine computation and sequentiality of evaluation

Integrated Application of Active Controls (IAAC) technology to an advanced subsonic transport project: Current and advanced act control system definition study, volume 1

An active controls technology (ACT) system architecture was selected based on current technology system elements and optimal control theory was evaluated for use in analyzing and synthesizing ACT multiple control laws. The system selected employs three redundant computers to implement all of the ACT functions, four redundant smaller computers to implement the crucial pitch-augmented stability function, and a separate maintenance and display computer. The reliability objective of probability of crucial function failure of less than 1 x 10 to the -9th power per flight of 1 hr can be met with current technology system components, if the software is assumed fault free and coverage approaching 1.0 can be provided. The optimal control theory approach to ACT control law synthesis yielded comparable control law performance much more systematically and directly than the classical s-domain approach. The ACT control law performance, although somewhat degraded by the inclusion of representative nonlinearities, remained quite effective. Certain high-frequency gust-load alleviation functions may require increased surface rate capability

αI-spectrin represents evolutionary optimization of spectrin for red blood cell deformability

Spectrin tetramers of the membranes of enucleated mammalian erythrocytes play a critical role in red blood cell survival in circulation. One of the spectrins, αI, emerged in mammals with enucleated red cells following duplication of the ancestral α-spectrin gene common to all animals. The neofunctionalized αIspectrin has moderate affinity for βI-spectrin, while αII-spectrin, expressed in non-erythroid cells, retains ancestral characteristics and has a 10-fold higher affinity for βI-spectrin. It has been hypothesized that this adaptation allows for rapid make-and-break of tetramers to accommodate membrane deformation. We have tested this hypothesis by generating mice with high-affinity spectrin tetramers formed by exchanging the site of tetramer formation in αI-spectrin (segments R0 and R1) for that of αII-spectrin. Erythrocytes with αIIβI presented normal hematologic parameters yet showed increased thermostability and their membranes were significantly less deformable: under low shear forces they displayed tumbling behavior, rather than tank-treading. The membrane skeleton is more stable with αIIβI and shows significantly less remodeling under deformation than red cell membranes of wild-type mice. These data demonstrate that spectrin tetramers undergo remodeling in intact erythrocytes and that this is required for the normal deformability of the erythrocyte membrane. We conclude that αI-spectrin represents evolutionary optimization of tetramer formation: neither higher affinity tetramers (as shown here) nor lower affinity (as seen in hemolytic disease), can support the membrane properties required for effective tissue oxygenation in circulation

Kapitel 8. Landnutzung und Klimawandel im Kontext der Nachhaltigen Entwicklungsziele

Dieses Kapitel präsentiert und bewertet den aktuellen Stand des Wissens zum Konnex Landnutzung und Klimawandel in Österreich aus dem systemischen Blickwinkel der UN Agenda 2030 für eine Nachhaltige Entwicklung. Dabei wird dem Thema entsprechend auf die Verflechtungen zwischen den lokalen, nationalen und internationalen Ebenen eingegangen. Die Menschheit befindet sich in kritischen, vielfältigen und vernetzten Krisen. Integrative und globale Lösungsansätze, wie sie in der Agenda 2030 festgeschrieben sind, haben für diese multiplen Krisen ein hohes Lösungspotenzial

Lower and upper probabilities in the distributive lattice of subsystems

yesThe set of subsystems ∑ (m) of a finite quantum system ∑(n) (with variables in Ζ(n)) together with logical connectives, is a distributive lattice. With regard to this lattice, the ℓ(m | ρn) = Tr ((m) ρn ) (where (m) is the projector to ∑(m)) obeys a supermodularity inequality, and it is interpreted as a lower probability in the sense of the Dempster–Shafer theory, and not as a Kolmogorov probability. It is shown that the basic concepts of the Dempster–Shafer theory (lower and upper probabilities and the Dempster multivaluedness) are pertinent to the quantum formalism of finite systems