57 research outputs found
Reducing the False Positive Rate Using Bayesian Inference in Autonomous Driving Perception
Object recognition is a crucial step in perception systems for autonomous and
intelligent vehicles, as evidenced by the numerous research works in the topic.
In this paper, object recognition is explored by using multisensory and
multimodality approaches, with the intention of reducing the false positive
rate (FPR). The reduction of the FPR becomes increasingly important in
perception systems since the misclassification of an object can potentially
cause accidents. In particular, this work presents a strategy through Bayesian
inference to reduce the FPR considering the likelihood function as a cumulative
distribution function from Gaussian kernel density estimations, and the prior
probabilities as cumulative functions of normalized histograms. The validation
of the proposed methodology is performed on the KITTI dataset using deep
networks (DenseNet, NasNet, and EfficientNet), and recent 3D point cloud
networks (PointNet, and PintNet++), by considering three object-categories
(cars, cyclists, pedestrians) and the RGB and LiDAR sensor modalities.Comment: This paper has been submitted to the journal Pattern Recognition
Letter
Collaborative multidisciplinary learning : quantity surveying studentsâ perspectives
The construction industry is highly fragmented and is known for its adversarial culture, culminating
in poor quality projects not completed on time or within budget. The aim of this study is thus to
guide the design of QS programme curricula in order to help students develop the requisite
knowledge and skills to work more collaboratively in their multi-disciplinary future workplaces.
A qualitative approach was considered appropriate as the authors were concerned with gathering an
initial understanding of what students think of multi-disciplinary learning. The data collection
method used was a questionnaire which was developed by the Behaviours4Collaboration (B4C)
team.
Knowledge gaps were still found across all the key areas where a future QS practitioner needs to be
collaborative (either as a project contributor or as a project leader) despite the need for change
instigated by the multi-disciplinary (BIM) education revolution.
The study concludes that universities will need to be selective in teaching, and innovative in
reorienting, QS education so that a collaborative BIM education can be effected in stages, increasing
in complexity as the studentsâ technical knowledge grows. This will help students to build the
competencies needed to make them future leaders. It will also support programme currency and
delivery
Quantification of structural changes in the corpus callosumin children with profound hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury
Background Birth-related acute profound hypoxicâischaemic
brain injury has specific patterns of damage including the
paracentral lobules.
Objective To test the hypothesis that there is anatomically coherent
regional volume loss of the corpus callosum as a result of
this hemispheric abnormality.
Materials and methods Study subjects included 13 children
with proven acute profound hypoxicâischaemic brain injury
and 13 children with developmental delay but no brain abnormalities.
A computerised system divided the corpus callosum
into 100 segments, measuring each width. Principal component
analysis grouped the widths into contiguous anatomical regions.
We conducted analysis of variance of corpus callosum widths as
well as support vector machine stratification into patient groups.
Results There was statistically significant narrowing of the
midâposterior body and genu of the corpus callosum in children
with hypoxicâischaemic brain injury. Support vector machine
analysis yielded over 95% accuracy in patient group stratification
using the corpus callosum centile widths.
Conclusion Focal volume loss is seen in the corpus callosum
of children with hypoxicâischaemic brain injury secondary to
loss of commissural fibres arising in the paracentral lobules.
Support vector machine stratification into the hypoxicâischaemic
brain injury group or the control group on the basis of
corpus callosum width is highly accurate and points towards
rapid clinical translation of this technique as a potential biomarker
of hypoxicâischaemic brain injur
Automated Planning of Concrete Joint Layouts with 4D-BIM
Concrete pouring represents a major critical path activity that is often affected by design limitations, structural considerations and on-site operational constraints. As such, meticulous planning is required to ensure that both the aesthetic and structural integrity of joints between cast in-situ components is achieved. Failure to adequately plan concrete pouring could lead to structural defects, construction rework or structural instability, all having major financial implications. Given the inherent complexity of large-scale construction projects, the âmanual planningâ of concrete pouring is a challenging task and prone to human errors. Against this backdrop, this study developed 4D Building Information Management (BIM) approach to facilitate automated concrete joint positioning solution (as a proof of concept) for design professionals and contractors. The study first developed structural model in Revit, then extracted spatial information regarding all construction joints and linked them to dynamic Microsoft (MS) Excel and Matlab spreadsheets using integration facilitated by Dynamo software. Midspan points of each beam as well as floor perimeter information were gathered via codes developed in MS Excel macros. Based on the Excel outputs, Matlab programming was used to determine best concreating starting points and directions, and daily allowed concrete volume, considering limitations due to cold joints. These information were then pushed back to Revit via Dynamo in order to develop daily concrete scheduling. The developed automated programme framework offers a cost-effective and accurate methodology to address the limitations and inefficiencies of traditional methods of designing construction joints and planning pours. This framework extends the body of knowledge by introducing innovative solutions to integrate structural design considerations, constructional procedures and operational aspects for mitigating human error, and providing a novel, yet technically sound, basis for further application of BIM in structural engineering
Known and unknown requirements in healthcare
We report experience in requirements elicitation of domain knowledge from experts in clinical and cognitive neurosciences. The elicitation target was a causal model for early signs of dementia indicated by changes in user behaviour and errors apparent in logs of computer activity. A Delphi-style process consisting of workshops with experts followed by a questionnaire was adopted. The paper describes how the elicitation process had to be adapted to deal with problems encountered in terminology and limited consensus among the experts. In spite of the difficulties encountered, a partial causal model of user behavioural pathologies and errors was elicited. This informed requirements for configuring data- and text-mining tools to search for the specific data patterns. Lessons learned for elicitation from experts are presented, and the implications for requirements are discussed as âunknown unknownsâ, as well as configuration requirements for directing data-/text-mining tools towards refining awareness requirements in healthcare applications
Which computer-use behaviours are most indicative of cognitive decline? Insights from an expert reference group
Computer use is becoming ubiquitous amongst older adults. As computer-use depends on complex cognitive functions, measuring individualsâ computer-use behaviours over time may provide a way to detect changes in their cognitive functioning. However, it is uncertain which computer-use behaviour changes are most likely to be associated with declines of particular cognitive functions. To address this, we convened six experts from clinical and cognitive neurosciences to take part in two workshops and a follow-up survey to gain consensus on which computer-use behaviours would likely be the strongest indicators of cognitive decline. This resulted in a list of twenty-one computer-use behaviours that the majority of experts agreed would offer a âstrong indicationâ of decline in a specific cognitive function, across Memory, Executive function, Language, and Perception and Action domains. This list enables a hypothesis-driven approach to analysing computer-use behaviours predicted to be markers of cognitive decline
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