Observational diagnostics of gas in protoplanetary disks

Protoplanetary disks are composed primarily of gas (99% of the mass). Nevertheless, relatively few observational constraints exist for the gas in disks. In this review, I discuss several observational diagnostics in the UV, optical, near-IR, mid-IR, and (sub)-mm wavelengths that have been employed to study the gas in the disks of young stellar objects. I concentrate in diagnostics that probe the inner 20 AU of the disk, the region where planets are expected to form. I discuss the potential and limitations of each gas tracer and present prospects for future research.Comment: Review written for the proceedings of the conference "Origin and Evolution of Planets 2008", Ascona, Switzerland, June 29 - July 4, 2008. Date manuscript: October 2008. 17 Pages, 6 graphics, 134 reference

The composition of the protosolar disk and the formation conditions for comets

Conditions in the protosolar nebula have left their mark in the composition of cometary volatiles, thought to be some of the most pristine material in the solar system. Cometary compositions represent the end point of processing that began in the parent molecular cloud core and continued through the collapse of that core to form the protosun and the solar nebula, and finally during the evolution of the solar nebula itself as the cometary bodies were accreting. Disentangling the effects of the various epochs on the final composition of a comet is complicated. But comets are not the only source of information about the solar nebula. Protostellar disks around young stars similar to the protosun provide a way of investigating the evolution of disks similar to the solar nebula while they are in the process of evolving to form their own solar systems. In this way we can learn about the physical and chemical conditions under which comets formed, and about the types of dynamical processing that shaped the solar system we see today. This paper summarizes some recent contributions to our understanding of both cometary volatiles and the composition, structure and evolution of protostellar disks.Comment: To appear in Space Science Reviews. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-015-0167-

Developing a Dynamic Model of the Standard Neonatal Patient Transport System using Lagrange’s Equation in the Pitch Plane

During transport to critical care centres, neonatal patients can be exposed to elevated levels of vibration which may pose a risk to the patients’ health. In Ontario, a standardized Neonatal Patient Transport System (NPTS) has been implemented in ground and air ambulances, and studies to characterize the vibration environment within these vehicles are underway. The development of a dynamic model of the NPTS is intended to support the study of emergency vehicle vibration environments and strategies to mitigate vibration amplification. This paper outlines the derivations of equations of motion for a planar model of the NPTS. This derivation uses the Lagrangian approach to develop equations governing motion in the pitch plane. Stiffness and damping coefficients were optimized to drive the frequency response of the developed dynamic model towards data recorded during on-road testing. Future development of the model will involve deriving the equations for the roll plane, and further optimization of stiffness and damping parameters to ensure they adequately represent the response for various transport conditions. Part of the Proceedings of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering International Congress 202

Dimethyl fumarate in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) inhibits inflammasome-mediated inflammation and has been proposed as a treatment for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing multiple treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 (NCT04381936, ISRCTN50189673). In this assessment of DMF performed at 27 UK hospitals, adults were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus DMF. The primary outcome was clinical status on day 5 measured on a seven-point ordinal scale. Secondary outcomes were time to sustained improvement in clinical status, time to discharge, day 5 peripheral blood oxygenation, day 5 C-reactive protein, and improvement in day 10 clinical status. Between 2 March 2021 and 18 November 2021, 713 patients were enroled in the DMF evaluation, of whom 356 were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus DMF, and 357 to usual care alone. 95% of patients received corticosteroids as part of routine care. There was no evidence of a beneficial effect of DMF on clinical status at day 5 (common odds ratio of unfavourable outcome 1.12; 95% CI 0.86-1.47; p = 0.40). There was no significant effect of DMF on any secondary outcome

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My Forty Years in Studying and Helping Family Businesses

This article will describe the trends in the field of family business over the past forty years in terms of theory and practice. Topics such as succession, consulting with family businesses, the effectiveness of family firms, the role of socio-emotional wealth in family firms, heterogeneity in family businesses, and the impact of family capital on the business and the family will be discussed.Este artículo describe las tendencias en el campo de la empresa familiar durante los últimos cuarenta años en términos de teoría y práctica. Se discuten temas como la sucesión, la consultoría con las empresas familiares, la eficacia de las empresas familiares, el papel de la riqueza socio-emocional en las empresas familiares, la heterogeneidad en las empresas familiares, y el impacto del capital familiar tanto en la empresa como en la familia

Where Have all the Families Gone— Is There a Future for Family Businesses?

In this essay, the author describes some of the trends regarding the family that he has witnessed over his lifetime as well as raise some questions concerning family formation, structure, and size that may influence the creation and sustainability of family businesses. Moreover, he makes some suggestions for those who, like himself, would like to see family businesses survive and thrive in the future.En este ensayo, el autor describe algunas de las tendencias con respecto a la familia que ha presenciado a lo largo de su vida y plantea algunas preguntas sobre la formación, estructura y tamaño de la familia que pueden influir en la creación y sostenibilidad de las empresas familiares. Además, hace algunas sugerencias para aquellos que, como él, quisieran que las empresas familiares sobrevivieran y prosperaran en el futuro