Group theoretic dimension of stationary symmetric \alpha-stable random fields

The growth rate of the partial maximum of a stationary stable process was first studied in the works of Samorodnitsky (2004a,b), where it was established, based on the seminal works of Rosi\'nski (1995,2000), that the growth rate is connected to the ergodic theoretic properties of the flow that generates the process. The results were generalized to the case of stable random fields indexed by Z^d in Roy and Samorodnitsky (2008), where properties of the group of nonsingular transformations generating the stable process were studied as an attempt to understand the growth rate of the partial maximum process. This work generalizes this connection between stable random fields and group theory to the continuous parameter case, that is, to the fields indexed by R^d.Comment: To appear in Journal of Theoretical Probability. Affiliation of the authors are update

Is the Unitarity of the quark-mixing-CKM-matrix violated in neutron β\beta-decay?

We report on a new measurement of neutron $\beta$-decay asymmetry. From the result \linebreak $A_0$ = -0.1189(7), we derive the ratio of the axial vector to the vector coupling constant $\lambda$ = ${\it g_A/g_V}$ = -1.2739(19). When included in the world average for the neutron lifetime $\tau$ = 885.7(7)s, this gives the first element of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix $V_{ud}$. With this value and the Particle Data Group values for $V_{us}$ and $V_{ub}$, we find a deviation from the unitarity condition for the first row of the CKM matrix of $\Delta$ = 0.0083(28), which is 3.0 times the stated error

Structure, dielectric relaxation and electrical conductivity of 2,3,7,8-Tetramethoxychalcogenanthrene-2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone 1:1 charger-transfer complexes

[EN] 2,3,7,8-Tetramethoxychalcogenanthrenes (5,10-chalcogena-cyclo-diveratrylenes, 'Vn(2)E(2)', E = S, Se) form isotypical 1:1 charge-transfer (CT) complexes with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ). X-ray analysis of Vn(2)S(2) . DDQ shows the compound to have a columnar structure with segregated stacks of donors and acceptors. The donors are virtually planar in accordance with a formulation of [Vn(2)E(2)](+)[DDQ](-). Donor cations and acceptor anions are equidistant in their respective stacks, but in each case they inclined to the stacking axis, nevertheless guaranteeing an optimum overlap of the half-filled frontier orbitals which are of pi-type character according to MNDO calculations. Dielectric ac measurements of permittivity epsilon' and loss factor E '' clearly reveal two processes, a dielectric one at low temperatures and a conductive one at high temperatures. The dielectric process can be described by the Havriliak-Negami (HN) and the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) model, and the conductive process by a Debye-type plot. Using these methods, the relevant parameters are evaluated. The de conductivities of polycrystalline samples moulded at 10(8) Pa show a temperature dependence in the plots of ln sigma vs. T-1, which is typical of semiconductors. Two slopes are found; that in the low-temperature region (<285 K) is explained by an easy-path model (intragrain conductivity with low activation energies), whereas in the high-temperature region conduction across the grain boundaries (with higher activation energies) is becoming predominant. The activation energies for the intrinsic conductivities obtained by the ac and de measurements are similar. Despite the columnar structure with segregated stacks, due to stoichiometric oxidation states of the components, the absolute values of conductivity are low ten. 10(-6) S cm(-1) at 293 K), though higher (by a factor of ca. 10(3)) than those of compounds like Vn(2)E(2) . TCNQ with stacks in which donor and acceptor molecules alternate.Behrens, U.; Díaz Calleja, R.; Dötze, M.; Franke, U.; Gunsser, W.; Klar, G.; Kudnig, J.... (1996). Structure, dielectric relaxation and electrical conductivity of 2,3,7,8-Tetramethoxychalcogenanthrene-2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone 1:1 charger-transfer complexes. Journal of Materials Chemistry. 6(4):547-553. https://doi.org/10.1039/JM9960600547S54755364Behrens, J., Hinrichs, W., Link, T., Schiffling, C., & Klar, G. (1995). SELFSTACKING SYSTEMS, PART 6.1HOST LATTICE FUNCTION OF 2,3,8,9-TETRAMETHOXYDIBENZO[c,e][1,2]-DICHALCOGENINS IN THEIR ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTING IODINE COMPLEXES. Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements, 101(1-4), 235-244. doi:10.1080/10426509508042522Berges, P., Kudnig, J., Klar, G., Martínez, E. S., & Calleja, R. D. (1989). Elementorganische Verbindungen mit o-Phenylenresten, XVI . 2:1-Komplexe von 2,3,7,8-Tetramethoxychalcogenanthrenen mit Tetracyanethen / Organometallic Compounds with o-Phenylene Substituents, Part XVI 2:1-Complexes of 2,3,7,8-Tetramethoxychalcogenanthrenes with Tetracyanoethene. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B, 44(2), 211-219. doi:10.1515/znb-1989-0219Hinrichs, W., Berges, P., Klar, G., Sánchez-Martínez, E., & Gunsser, W. (1987). Structure and electrical conductivity of TCNQ-2,3,7,8-tetramethoxychalcogenanthrene complexes. Synthetic Metals, 20(3), 357-364. doi:10.1016/0379-6779(87)90832-0Sánchez Martínez, E., Díaz Calleja, R., Gunsser, W., Berges, P., & Klar, G. (1989). Structure and dielectric relaxation of 2,3,7,8-tetramethoxychalcogenanthrene-TCNQ complexes. Synthetic Metals, 30(1), 67-78. doi:10.1016/0379-6779(89)90642-5Gunßer, W., Henning, J. H., Klar, G., & Martínez, E. S. (1989). Spin Density and Magnetic Susceptibility of Charge-Transfer Complexes with Chalkogenanthrene Donors. Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie, 93(11), 1370-1373. doi:10.1002/bbpc.19890931148G. M. Sheldrick , SHELXTL-PLUS, Release 4.21/0, Siemens Analytical X-Ray Instruments, 1990.Bock, H., Rauschenbach, A., Näther, C., Havlas, Z., Gavezzotti, A., & Filippini, G. (1995). Orthorhombisches und monoklines 2,3,7,8-Tetramethoxythianthren: kleiner Strukturunterschied – große Gitteränderung. Angewandte Chemie, 107(1), 120-122. doi:10.1002/ange.19951070132Bock, H., Rauschenbach, A., Näther, C., Havlas, Z., Gavezzotti, A., & Filippini, G. (1995). Orthorhombic and Monoclinic 2,3,7,8-Tetramethoxythianthrene: Small Structural Difference–Large Lattice Change. Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English, 34(1), 76-78. doi:10.1002/anie.199500761Hinrichs, W., Berges, P., & Klar, G. (1987). Selbststapelnde Systeme, IV 2,3,7,8-Tetramethoxythianthreniumsalze/Selfstacking Systems, Part IV 2.3.7.8-Tetramethoxythianthrenium Salts. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B, 42(2), 169-176. doi:10.1515/znb-1987-0209Peover, M. E. (1962). 879. A polarographic investigation into the redox behaviour of quinones: the roles of electron affinity and solvent. Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed), 4540. doi:10.1039/jr9620004540Wheland, R. C., & Gillson, J. L. (1976). Synthesis of electrically conductive organic solids. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 98(13), 3916-3925. doi:10.1021/ja00429a030Zanotti, G., Del Pra, A., & Bozio, R. (1982). Structure of tetraethylammonium–2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, 38(4), 1225-1229. doi:10.1107/s0567740882005330Zanotti, G., Bardi, R., & Del Pra, A. (1980). Structure of 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ). Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, 36(1), 168-171. doi:10.1107/s0567740880002750Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, ed. R. C. Weast, CRC Press, Cleveland, OH, 1977–1978, 58th edn., p. D–178.Sánchez Martínez, E., Díaz Calleja, R., Berges, P., Kudnig, J., & Klar, G. (1989). Structure, electrical conductivity and dielectric relaxation of a 1,2-dimethoxybenzene-tetracyanoethene 1:1 complex. Synthetic Metals, 32(1), 79-89. doi:10.1016/0379-6779(89)90831-xÅsbrink, L., Fridh, C., & Lindholm, E. (1977). HAM/3, a semi-empirical MO theory. I. The SCF method. Chemical Physics Letters, 52(1), 63-68. doi:10.1016/0009-2614(77)85121-xÅsbrink, L., Fridh, C., & Lindholm, E. (1977). HAM/3, a semi-empirical MO theory. III. Unoccupied orbitals. Chemical Physics Letters, 52(1), 72-75. doi:10.1016/0009-2614(77)85123-3Dewar, M. J. S., & Thiel, W. (1977). Ground states of molecules. 38. The MNDO method. Approximations and parameters. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 99(15), 4899-4907. doi:10.1021/ja00457a004Dewar, M. J. S., & Thiel, W. (1977). Ground states of molecules. 39. MNDO results for molecules containing hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 99(15), 4907-4917. doi:10.1021/ja00457a005Åsbrink, L., Fridh, C., & Lindholm, E. (1978). Valence excitation of linear molecules.I. Excitation and UV spectra of N2, Co, acetylene and HCN. Chemical Physics, 27(2), 159-168. doi:10.1016/0301-0104(78)88001-xFridh, C., Åsbrink, L., & Lindholm, E. (1978). Valence excitation of linear molecules. II. Excitation and UV spectra of C2N2, CO2 and N2O. Chemical Physics, 27(2), 169-181. doi:10.1016/0301-0104(78)88002-1Lindholm, E., Bieri, G., Åsbrink, L., & Fridh, C. (1978). Interpretation of electron spectra. III. Spectra of formamide, studied withHAM/3. International Journal of Quantum Chemistry, 14(6), 737-740. doi:10.1002/qua.560140605Starkweather, H. W. (1981). Simple and complex relaxations. Macromolecules, 14(5), 1277-1281. doi:10.1021/ma50006a025Starkweather, H. W. (1990). Distribution of activation enthalpies in viscoelastic relaxations. Macromolecules, 23(1), 328-332. doi:10.1021/ma00203a056Havriliak, S., & Negami, S. (1967). A complex plane representation of dielectric and mechanical relaxation processes in some polymers. Polymer, 8, 161-210. doi:10.1016/0032-3861(67)90021-3J. Ross McDonald , Complex Nonlinear Least Squares Immitance Fitting Program, LEVM6, 1993;Impedance Spectroscopy, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1987.Williams, G. (1978). Time-correlation functions and molecular motion. Chemical Society Reviews, 7(1), 89. doi:10.1039/cs9780700089Williams, G., & Watts, D. C. (1970). Non-symmetrical dielectric relaxation behaviour arising from a simple empirical decay function. Transactions of the Faraday Society, 66, 80. doi:10.1039/tf9706600080A. R. West , Solid State Chemistry and its Applications, Wiley, Chichester, 1984, ch. 13.Sánchez Martínez, E., Díaz Calleja, R., & Klar, G. (1990). Self-stacking systems 5. Electrical and dielectric properties of 5,5-dibromo-2,3,7,8-tetramethoxyselenanthrene. Synthetic Metals, 38(1), 93-98. doi:10.1016/0379-6779(90)90071-

Многокомпонентные термины сферы автомобилестроения: структура и способы перевода с английского языка на русский

Работа нацелена на выявление структурных особенностей многокомпонентных терминов сферы автомобилестроения и особенностей их перевода с английского языка на русский. В результате исследования были выявлены формально-структурные модели английских многокомпонентных терминов, определены основные ядерные термины, участвующие в процессе терминодеривации. Были выявлены основные способы перевода многокомпонентных терминов с английского языка на русский язык, сделаны выводы об особенностях перевода многокомпонентных терминов в зависимости от их формально-структурных моделей.The thesis is aimed at revealing the structural features of multi-component terms of the automotive industry and the features of their translation from English into Russian. Research resulrs: formal structural models of English multicomponent terms have been identified, the most representative nuclear terms participating in the term-derivation process have been identified.The most efficient ways of translation of multi-component terms from English into Russian have been identified, the relation between the way multi-component terms were translated and its formal structure have been traced

I. Flux and color variations of the quadruply imaged quasar HE 0435-1223

aims: We present VRi photometric observations of the quadruply imaged quasar HE 0435-1223, carried out with the Danish 1.54m telescope at the La Silla Observatory. Our aim was to monitor and study the magnitudes and colors of each lensed component as a function of time. methods: We monitored the object during two seasons (2008 and 2009) in the VRi spectral bands, and reduced the data with two independent techniques: difference imaging and PSF (Point Spread Function) fitting.results: Between these two seasons, our results show an evident decrease in flux by ~0.2-0.4 magnitudes of the four lensed components in the three filters. We also found a significant increase (~0.05-0.015) in their V-R and R-i color indices. conclusions: These flux and color variations are very likely caused by intrinsic variations of the quasar between the observed epochs. Microlensing effects probably also affect the brightest "A" lensed component.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure

SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk from asymptomatic carriers: Results from a mass screening programme in Luxembourg.

BACKGROUND: To accompany the lifting of COVID-19 lockdown measures, Luxembourg implemented a mass screening (MS) programme. The first phase coincided with an early summer epidemic wave in 2020. METHODS: rRT-PCR-based screening for SARS-CoV-2 was performed by pooling of samples. The infrastructure allowed the testing of the entire resident and cross-border worker populations. The strategy relied on social connectivity within different activity sectors. Invitation frequencies were tactically increased in sectors and regions with higher prevalence. The results were analysed alongside contact tracing data. FINDINGS: The voluntary programme covered 49% of the resident and 22% of the cross-border worker populations. It identified 850 index cases with an additional 249 cases from contact tracing. Over-representation was observed in the services, hospitality and construction sectors alongside regional differences. Asymptomatic cases had a significant but lower secondary attack rate when compared to symptomatic individuals. Based on simulations using an agent-based SEIR model, the total number of expected cases would have been 42·9% (90% CI [-0·3, 96·7]) higher without MS. Mandatory participation would have resulted in a further difference of 39·7% [19·6, 59·2]. INTERPRETATION: Strategic and tactical MS allows the suppression of epidemic dynamics. Asymptomatic carriers represent a significant risk for transmission. Containment of future outbreaks will depend on early testing in sectors and regions. Higher participation rates must be assured through targeted incentivisation and recurrent invitation. FUNDING: This project was funded by the Luxembourg Ministries of Higher Education and Research, and Health

Systems analysis of bioenergetics and growth of the extreme halophile Halobacterium salinarum

Halobacterium salinarum is a bioenergetically flexible, halophilic microorganism that can generate energy by respiration, photosynthesis, and the fermentation of arginine. In a previous study, using a genome-scale metabolic model, we have shown that the archaeon unexpectedly degrades essential amino acids under aerobic conditions, a behavior that can lead to the termination of growth earlier than necessary. Here, we further integratively investigate energy generation, nutrient utilization, and biomass production using an extended methodology that accounts for dynamically changing transport patterns, including those that arise from interactions among the supplied metabolites. Moreover, we widen the scope of our analysis to include phototrophic conditions to explore the interplay between different bioenergetic modes. Surprisingly, we found that cells also degrade essential amino acids even during phototropy, when energy should already be abundant. We also found that under both conditions considerable amounts of nutrients that were taken up were neither incorporated into the biomass nor used as respiratory substrates, implying the considerable production and accumulation of several metabolites in the medium. Some of these are likely the products of forms of overflow metabolism. In addition, our results also show that arginine fermentation, contrary to what is typically assumed, occurs simultaneously with respiration and photosynthesis and can contribute energy in levels that are comparable to the primary bioenergetic modes, if not more. These findings portray a picture that the organism takes an approach toward growth that favors the here and now, even at the cost of longer-term concerns. We believe that the seemingly "greedy" behavior exhibited actually consists of adaptations by the organism to its natural environments, where nutrients are not only irregularly available but may altogether be absent for extended periods that may span several years. Such a setting probably predisposed the cells to grow as much as possible when the conditions become favorable

Three-dimensional-printed gas dynamic virtual nozzles for x-ray laser sample delivery

Reliable sample delivery is essential to biological imaging using X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs). Continuous injection using the Gas Dynamic Virtual Nozzle (GDVN) has proven valuable, particularly for time-resolved studies. However, many important aspects of GDVN functionality have yet to be thoroughly understood and/or refined due to fabrication limitations. We report the application of 2-photon polymerization as a form of high-resolution 3D printing to fabricate high-fidelity GDVNs with submicron resolution. This technique allows rapid prototyping of a wide range of different types of nozzles from standard CAD drawings and optimization of crucial dimensions for optimal performance. Three nozzles were tested with pure water to determine general nozzle performance and reproducibility, with nearly reproducible off-axis jetting being the result. X-ray tomography and index matching were successfully used to evaluate the interior nozzle structures and identify the cause of off-axis jetting. Subsequent refinements to fabrication resulted in straight jetting. A performance test of printed nozzles at an XFEL provided high quality femtosecond diffraction patterns. (C) 2016 Optical Society of Americ

High-precision photometry by telescope defocussing. III. The transiting planetary system WASP-2

We present high-precision photometry of three transits of the extrasolar planetary system WASP-2, obtained by defocussing the telescope, and achieving point-to-point scatters of between 0.42 and 0.73 mmag. These data are modelled using the JKTEBOP code, and taking into account the light from the recently-discovered faint star close to the system. The physical properties of the WASP-2 system are derived using tabulated predictions from five different sets of stellar evolutionary models, allowing both statistical and systematic errorbars to be specified. We find the mass and radius of the planet to be M_b = 0.847 +/- 0.038 +/- 0.024 Mjup and R_b = 1.044 +/- 0.029 +/- 0.015 Rjup. It has a low equilibrium temperature of 1280 +/- 21 K, in agreement with a recent finding that it does not have an atmospheric temperature inversion. The first of our transit datasets has a scatter of only 0.42 mmag with respect to the best-fitting light curve model, which to our knowledge is a record for ground-based observations of a transiting extrasolar planet.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 9 pages, 3 figures, 10 table

Differential influence of vemurafenib and dabrafenib on patients' lymphocytes despite similar clinical efficacy in melanoma

In this study, we demonstrate that vemurafenib but not dabrafenib reduces peripheral lymphocyte counts in melanoma patients while both agents show similar clinical efficacy. Within the lymphocyte compartment, vemurafenib selectively decreases circulating CD4+ T cells and changes their phenotype and function. This indicates that selective BRAFi need to be assessed individually for immunomodulatory effects, especially, when planning combinations with immunotherapie