148 research outputs found
Evidence For The Production Of Slow Antiprotonic Hydrogen In Vacuum
We present evidence showing how antiprotonic hydrogen, the quasistable
antiproton-proton (pbar-p) bound system, has been synthesized following the
interaction of antiprotons with the hydrogen molecular ion (H2+) in a nested
Penning trap environment. From a careful analysis of the spatial distributions
of antiproton annihilation events, evidence is presented for antiprotonic
hydrogen production with sub-eV kinetic energies in states around n=70, and
with low angular momenta. The slow antiprotonic hydrogen may be studied using
laser spectroscopic techniques.Comment: 5 pages with 4 figures. Published as Phys. Rev. Letters 97, 153401
(2006), in slightly different for
ATHENA -- First Production of Cold Antihydrogen and Beyond
Atomic systems of antiparticles are the laboratories of choice for tests of
CPT symmetry with antimatter. The ATHENA experiment was the first to report the
production of copious amounts of cold antihydrogen in 2002. This article
reviews some of the insights that have since been gained concerning the
antihydrogen production process as well as the external and internal properties
of the produced anti-atoms. Furthermore, the implications of those results on
future prospects of symmetry tests with antimatter are discussed.Comment: Proc. of the Third Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry, Bloomington
(Indiana), USA, August 2004, edited by V. A. Kostelecky (World Scientific,
Singapore). 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Author affiliations cor
Cold-Antimatter Physics
The CPT theorem and the Weak Equivalence Principle are foundational
principles on which the standard description of the fundamental interactions is
based. The validity of such basic principles should be tested using the largest
possible sample of physical systems. Cold neutral antimatter (low-energy
antihydrogen atoms) could be a tool for testing the CPT symmetry with high
precision and for a direct measurement of the gravitational acceleration of
antimatter. After several years of experimental efforts, the production of
low-energy antihydrogen through the recombination of antiprotons and positrons
is a well-established experimental reality. An overview of the ATHENA
experiment at CERN will be given and the main experimental results on
antihydrogen formation will be reviewed.Comment: Proceedings of the XLIII International Meeting on Nuclear Physics,
Bormio (Italy), March 13-20 (2005). 10 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl
Structure of the Vacuum in Nuclear Matter - A Nonperturbative Approach
We compute the vacuum polarisation correction to the binding energy of
nuclear matter in the Walecka model using a nonperturbative approach. We first
study such a contribution as arising from a ground state structure with
baryon-antibaryon condensates. This yields the same results as obtained through
the relativistic Hartree approximation of summing tadpole diagrams for the
baryon propagator. Such a vacuum is then generalized to include quantum effects
from meson fields through scalar-meson condensates. The method is applied to
study properties of nuclear matter and leads to a softer equation of state
giving a lower value of the incompressibility than would be reached without
quantum effects. The density dependent effective sigma mass is also calculated
including such vacuum polarisation effects.Comment: 26 pages including 5 eps files, uses revtex style; PACS number:
21.65.+f,21.30.+
Laryngeal transplantation in minipigs: vascular, myologic and functional outcomes
There is no effective way of replacing all the functions of the larynx in those requiring laryngectomy. Regenerative medicine offers promise, but cannot presently deliver implants with functioning neuromuscular units. A single well-documented laryngeal transplant in man was a qualified success, but more information is required before clinical trials may be proposed. We studied the early response of the larynx to laryngeal transplantation between 17 pairs of NIH minipigs full matched at the MHC2 locus. Following iterative technical improvements, pigs had good swallowing and a patent airway at 1Â week. No significant changes in mucosal blood flux were observed compared with pre-operative measurements. Changes in muscle morphology and fibre phenotype were observed in transplant muscles retrieved after 7Â days: the levels of fast and slow myosin heavy chain (MyHC) protein were reduced and embryonic MyHC was up regulated consistent with denervation induced atrophy. At 1Â week laryngeal transplantation can result in good swallowing, and is not associated with clinical evidence of ischemia-reperfusion injury in MHC-matched pigs
On Kinks and Bound States in the Gross-Neveu Model
We investigate static space dependent \sigx=\lag\bar\psi\psi\rag saddle
point configurations in the two dimensional Gross-Neveu model in the large N
limit. We solve the saddle point condition for \sigx explicitly by employing
supersymmetric quantum mechanics and using simple properties of the diagonal
resolvent of one dimensional Schr\"odinger operators rather than inverse
scattering techniques. The resulting solutions in the sector of unbroken
supersymmetry are the Callan-Coleman-Gross-Zee kink configurations. We thus
provide a direct and clean construction of these kinks. In the sector of broken
supersymmetry we derive the DHN saddle point configurations. Our method of
finding such non-trivial static configurations may be applied also in other two
dimensional field theories.Comment: Revised version. A new section added with derivation of the DHN
static configurations in the sector of broken supersymmetry. Some references
added as well. 25 pp, latex, e-mail [email protected]
Positron plasma control techniques for the production of cold antihydrogen
An observation of a clear dependence of antihydrogen production on positron plasma shapes is reported. For this purpose a plasma control method has been developed combining the plasma rotating-wall technique with a mode diagnostic system. With the help of real-time and nondestructive observations, the rotating-wall parameters have been optimized. The positron plasma can be manipulated into a wide range of shapes (aspect ratio 6.5≤α≲80) and densities (1.5×108≤n≲7×109 cm−3) within a short duration (25 s) compatible with the ATHENA antihydrogen production cycle
Long-term carbon loss in fragmented Neotropical forests
Tropical forests play an important role in the global carbon cycle, as they store a large amount of carbon (C). Tropical forest deforestation has been identified as a major source of CO2 emissions, though biomass loss due to fragmentation—the creation of additional forest edges—has been largely overlooked as an additional CO2 source. Here, through the combination of remote sensing and knowledge on ecological processes, we present long-term carbon loss estimates due to fragmentation of Neotropical forests: within 10 years the Brazilian Atlantic Forest has lost 69 (±14) Tg C, and the Amazon 599 (±120) Tg C due to fragmentation alone. For all tropical forests, we estimate emissions up to 0.2 Pg C y−1 or 9 to 24% of the annual global C loss due to deforestation. In conclusion, tropical forest fragmentation increases carbon loss and should be accounted for when attempting to understand the role of vegetation in the global carbon balance.This study was part of the project ‘Biodiversity conservation in a fragmented landscape at the Atlantic Plateau of São Paulo’ (BIOTA/Caucaia and BioCAPSP) funded by FAPESP (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, project no. 99/05123-4, 01/13309-2, 02/02125-0, 02/02126-7), CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e Tecnológico, project no. 690144/01-6), Fundação O Boticário de Proteção à Natureza, and by BMBF (German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, project n. 01LB0202). J.P.M. and M.C.R. thank the Brazilian Science Council (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico) for his research fellowship (process no. 307934/2011-0 and 312045/2013-1, respectively). A.H. and S.P. were supported by the ERC advanced grant 233066. M.M. has been supported by BMBF (project n. 01LB0202), and the Department of Ecological Modelling of the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ). We thank Birgit Felinks for the support during the Mata Atlântica project. Florian Hartig provided valuable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. S.P. has been funded by the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres within the project ‘Biomass and Bioenergy systems’. A.H. was also supported by the Helmholtz-Alliance Remote Sensing and Earth System Dynamics. A.H. thanks C. Wissel and H. Bossel for supporting the FORMIND project over the years
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