Estimation of the total inelasticity coefficient in interaction of greater than or equal to 20 TeV hadrons with lead

Experimental data on the interaction mean free path of hadrons with energy E 20 TeV in lead obtained with multilayer X-ray emulsion chambers(XEC) are compared with results of simulation of nuclear-electromagnetic cascades in lead chamber. It is shown that, to explain experimental data, the value of the inelasticity coefficients, K .8 should be assumed

Methodology for failure analysis of complex technical systems and prevention of their consequences

The paper presents a study on the methodology of failures and their possible consequences analysis. Analysis of failures and their consequences is carried out for newly developed or modernized products and it is one of main activities in the reliability assurance system. The methodology is applied to the analysis of all designed systems, starting from the earliest stage of development, in order to evaluate the approach to development and compare the advantages of the design solution. The considered analysis of failures and their consequences of components is a part of the complex analysis of reliability of the whole product. Depending on the complexity of the design and the available data, a particular approach may be chosen for the analysis. In one case, it is a structural approach, in which a list of individual elements and their possible failures is compiled. In another case, it is the functional approach, which is based on the statement that each element must perform a number of functions that can be classified as solutions. The results provide a scheme for conducting the analysis and finding solutions to prevent them. The conclusions say that the level of detail determines the level at which failures are postulated

RESULTS DESIGNING AND ANALYSIS WHEN INTRODUCING NEW BEVERAGE IDENTIFICATION CRITERIA

Building a digital profile of food product with use of modern mathematical apparatus of basic matrices is a solution to the problem of designing innovative beverage recipes. In this regard, for the effective use of the food resource base, modeling and production of high-quality food products, there is an acute problem of developing a methodology for identifying food products using the full range of the currently available analytical base. The article discusses an algorithm for constructing a flexible experimental design for the new identification criteria development, taking into account the laboratory research peculiarities in the beverage industry. The application of software in experiment designing is considered and a practical example of integrated designing based on the construction of an identification criterion for wine materials is presented

Extraction processing of concentrated solutions of uranyl nitrate with high impurities content

Process flowsheet of recycling uranium concentrated solutions with its purification from insoluble impurities of iron, silicon, molybdenum, calcium oxides and hydroxides and soluble impurities with application of centrifugal extractors cascade has been developed and suggested for commercial introduction. The process was carried out at extractant saturation (30 % tributyl phosphate in hydrocarbon diluent) in extraction assembly lower than a limiting level (85...95 g/l) and in wash assembly - at limiting saturation (up to 120 g/l). As a result the waste uranium content in water-tail solutions 0,01...0,04 g/l and minimal content of impurities in re-extractors is provide

Studies of Li2Fe0.9M0.1SO Antiperovskite Materials for Lithium–Ion Batteries: The Role of Partial Fe2+ to M2+ Substitution

Cubic Li2Fe0.9M0.1SO antiperovskites with M–Co2+, or Mn2+ were successfully synthesized by a solid-state technique, and studied as cathode materials in Li-batteries. The influence of the Co, and Mn cation substitution of Fe in Li2FeSO on the resulting electrochemical performance was evaluated by galvanostatic cycling, while the reaction mechanism was explored by applying operando X-ray absorption and X-ray diffraction techniques using synchrotron radiation facilities. Even 10% Fe-substitution by these metals completely changes the structural behavior of the material upon Li-removal and insertion, in comparison to Li2FeSO. The Co-substitution significantly improves cyclability of the material at high current densities in comparison to the non-substituted material, reaching a specific capacity of 250 mAh/g at 1C current density. In contrast, the Mn-substitution leads to deterioration of the electrochemical performance because of the impeded kinetics, which may be caused by the appearance of a second isostructural phase due to formation of Jahn-Teller Mn3+ cations upon delithiation

Territorial differences in the innovative development of Sweden, Finland, and the North-western federal district of the Russian Federation

This article considers the innovative component of the economies of Sweden, Finland, and the Noreth-western federal district (NWFD) of the Russian Federation. The authors present the results of a comparative analysis of research and technological potential of the regions and their administrativeterritorial units in terms of innovative activity development. For the first time, the index of integral assessment of research and technological potential of the NWFD has been calculated in comparison to Sweden and Finland. The NWFD is proved to lag behind Sweden and Finland in terms of innovative development indices; however, the NWFD shows an increase in such indices in catches up in terms of individual indices (mobile communication density and Internet access availability). The authors offer sketch maps showing similarities in the character of territorial differentiation of innovative processes in the NEFD, Sweden, and Finland (which corresponds to the centreperiphery model)

Power spectrum features of the near-Earth atmospheric electric field in Kamchatka

Power spectrum of the diurnal variations of the quasi-electrostatic field Ez in the near-Earth atmosphere have been presented for the first time. The Ez power spectrum variations in the period of fine weather have been shown to exhibit two bands of the periods of natural atmospheric oscillations with T = 1-5 and 6-24 h. These oscillations are the modes of the internal gravity and tidal waves in the lower atmosphere. On the days under atmospheric precipitation, the spectral power of Ez increases by an order of magnitude. During the pre-earthquake period, when the diurnal Ez variation had an anomaly, the intensity of harmonics with T = 1.8, 2.2, and 3.8 h increased by an order of magnitude or more in comparison with the Ez spectra in fine weather. Two additional spectral bands with T = 0.6 and 1 h have appeared simultaneously

DNA authentication technologies for product quality monitoring in the wine industry

Identification of wine product authenticity is a topical question in theRussian Federation. A solution to this problem can be DNA authentication of wines, which is a technological process of product authenticity control using genetic identification of the main plant ingredient — wine grape varieties. This type of wine verification is carried out by analyzing residual amounts of Vitis vinifera L. nucleic acids extracted from cell debris of final products by molecular genetic methods. The aim of this work is the analysis of the existing methods for extraction of nucleic acids from grapes, wine raw materials and commercial wines, as well as description of the molecular genetic approaches to technical genetic identification of grape varieties and authentication of wines made from them. The obtained data suggest suitability of DNA authentication of wine products as a supplement to earlier approved analytical methods (documentary, visual, sensory, physico-chemical)

Effect of additions of zinc stearate on the properties of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets

Zinc stearate additions have been used to increase the remanence of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets produced by the powder metallurgy without powder pressing. Zinc stearate acts as an internal lubricant, i.e., it decreases the friction forces between the particles and favors an increase in the degree of texture of the powders, which is induced by the magnetic field. It is shown that the density and the magnetic hysteresis characteristics of sintered magnets produced using additions of 0.15 wt % zinc stearate exceeds the corresponding values obtained for magnets produced without this addition at a filling density of powders in containers of more than 2.9 and 3.0 g/cm3 in dry and wet states, respectively. Using additions of zinc stearate in the amount of 0.15% with respect to the weight of the powder, magnets with a density of 7.55 g/cm3, B r = 14.02 kG, H c = 7.91 kOe, and (BH)max = 46.1 MG Oe have been produced. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd