Особенности влияния условий роста на структурные и оптические свойства пленок Zn0.9Cd0.1O

The influence of the magnetron power and the gas ratio Ar/O2 on the microstructure and the optical properties of Zn0.9Cd0.1O films is studied. The films were deposited with the use of the dc magnetron sputtering technique at a temperature of 250 ◦C. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) researches of a surface morphology demonstrated a strong influence of deposition procedure parameters on the film microstructure. The XRD analysis revealed that all grown films were polycrystalline and single-phase. The increase of the gas ratio Ar/O2 was found to be beneficial for the crystalline structure of Zn0.9Cd0.1O ternary alloys. Peculiarities of the control over the band gap and the surface morphology for Zn0.9Cd0.1O ternary alloys by varying the growth parameters are discussed.Дослiджено вплив потужностi магнетрона i спiввiдношення тискiв робочих газiв Ar/O2 на мiкроструктуру та оптичнi властивостi плiвок Zn0.9Cd0.1O. Плiвки осаджено методом магнетронного розпилювання на постiйному струмi при температурi пiдкладки 250 C. Дослiдження морфологiї поверхнi, здійснені за допомогою атомно-силової мiкроскопiї (АСМ), i рентгено-фазовий аналiз (РФА) виявили сильний вплив технологічних параметрiв осадження на мiкроструктуру плiвок. РФА аналiз показав, що всi вирощенi плiвки є полiкристалiчними i однофазними. Встановлено, що зростання парцiального тиску аргону в газовiй сумiшi Ar/O2 сприятливо впливає на кристалічну структуру твердих розчинiв Zn0.9Cd0.1O. Обговорено особливостi контролю ширини забороненої зони та морфологiї поверхнi твердих розчинiв Zn0.9Cd0.1O шляхом змiни параметрiв вирощування.В работе исследовано влияние мощности магнетрона и соотношения давлений рабочих газов Ar/O2 на микроструктуру и оптические свойства пленок Zn0.9Cd0.1O. Пленки осаждены методом магнетронного распыления на постоянном токе при температуре подложки 250 C. Исследования морфологии поверхности, проведенные с помощью атомно-силовой микроскопии (АСМ), и рентгенофазовый анализ (РФА) выявили сильное влияние технологических параметров роста на микроструктуру пленок. РФА анализ показал, что все выращенные пленки являются поликристаллическими и однофазными. Было установлено, что рост парциального давления аргона в газовой смеси Ar/O2 благоприятно влияет на кристаллическую структуру твердых растворов Zn0;9Cd0;1O. Обсуждены особенности контроля ширины запрещенной зоны и морфологи поверхности твердых растворов Zn0;9Cd0;1O путем изменения параметров осаждени

Orientation dependence of superelasticity in quenched high-nickel Ti51.8Ni single crystals

The orientation dependence of the functional and mechanical properties of quenched Ti-51.8at.%Ni single crystals, undergoing a strain-glass transition upon cooling/heating was investigated. It was found that a compressive stress above 800 MPa leads to the B2-B190 martensitic transformation (MT), regardless of orientation. In the high-strength [0 0 1]-orientation, superelasticity (SE) was observed at 203–248 K, with a reversible strain of 2.3%. Degradation of SE at deforming stresses r > 1000 MPa was associated with the formation of {1 1 3}B2 twins during the reverse MT. In the low-strength 1 1 1-orientation, the formation of stress-induced B190 -martensite occurred simultaneously with the plastic deformation of the B2-phase (due to the formation of reorientation bands and dislocation slip) and a reversible strain was not observed

Branching dendrites with resonant membrane: a “sum-over-trips” approach

Dendrites form the major components of neurons. They are complex branching structures that receive and process thousands of synaptic inputs from other neurons. It is well known that dendritic morphology plays an important role in the function of dendrites. Another important contribution to the response characteristics of a single neuron comes from the intrinsic resonant properties of dendritic membrane. In this paper we combine the effects of dendritic branching and resonant membrane dynamics by generalising the “sum-over-trips” approach (Abbott et al. in Biol Cybernetics 66, 49–60 1991). To illustrate how this formalism can shed light on the role of architecture and resonances in determining neuronal output we consider dual recording and reconstruction data from a rat CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cell. Specifically we explore the way in which an Ih current contributes to a voltage overshoot at the soma

New behavioral forms of sportsman students identification in university digital educational reality

The relevance of the research is due to a wide range of changes in the University educational reality caused by the influence of the Internet, computers, smartphones, mobile devices and modern gadgets on the behavioural forms of student identification. These processes are becoming a matter of particular concern to the public and University teachers. In this regard, this study reveals the features of the value priorities of the University digital educational reality, which modify the behavioural forms of student identification. In the course of pedagogical modelling, which is the leading research method, the phenomenon of new behavioural forms of student identification is identified as the leading idea of the University digital educational reality. This article reveals the key values of student identity identification in the University digital educational reality. The structure and content of new behavioural forms of student identification are established. Based on the research materials, the correction module of new behavioural forms of student identification in the University digital educational reality is justified. The module effectiveness is proved by the results of using new behavioural forms of student identification in the University educational process. The materials of the article are recommended to teachers, methodologists, organizers of the educational process and University students

Nordic Walking as Effective and Accessible Physical Activity during Pandemic Period

The search for new forms of outdoor wellness training has expanded the scope of traditional physical activity. Nordic walking is an effective means of health improvement for all categories of citizens, including people with disabilities. It is important to note that outdoor training with minimal social contact and with individual equipment is especially relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic.Поиск новых форм оздоровительных тренировок на свежем воздухе привел к расширению рамок традиционных видов физической активности. Северная ходьба является эффективным средством оздоровления для всех категорий граждан в том числе лиц с ограниченными возможностями. Важно отметить, что тренировки на свежем воздухе с минимальным социальным контактом и с индивидуальным оборудованием особенно актуальны в период пандемии COVID-19

CHANGES OF INTERCELLULAR рН OF GERMINATING MALE GAMETOPHYTE UNDER ACTION OF EXOGENOUS PHYTOHORMONES

Changes of intercellular pH in petunia germinating male gametophyte under exogenous phytohormones suggest a potential it role in the growth

СРАВНЕНИЕ ЛУЧЕВЫХ НАГРУЗОК НА ТОРЦЫ НЕЛИНЕЙНЫХ КРИСТАЛЛОВ В ПГС С КОЛЬЦЕВЫМ РЕЗОНАТОРОМ

It is shown that at optical parametric generation of high power pulses using a ring cavity and a nonlinear medium in each of its sections, beam load on the end face of the nonlinear medium adjacent to the output mirror is greatest when the output mirror is positioned first after the input mirror and smallest when the output mirror coincides with input one. Показано, что при параметрической генерации света (ПГС) мощных импульсов с использованием кольцевого резонатора и нелинейной среды в каждой из его секций лучевая нагрузка на торец нелинейной среды, примыкающий к выходному зеркалу, является наибольшей в случае, когда выходное зеркало расположено первым после входного зеркала, и наименьшей, когда выходное зеркало совпадает с входным зеркалом.

Optical and structural studies of phase transformations and composition fluctuations at annealing of Zn₁₋xCdxO films grown by dc magnetron sputtering

Ternary Zn₁₋xCdxO (x < 0.12) alloy crystalline films with highly preferred orientation (002) have been successfully deposited on sapphire c-Al₂O₃ substrates using the direct current (dc) reactive magnetron sputtering technique and annealed at temperature 600 °C in air. The structural and optical properties of Zn₁₋xCdxO thin films were systematically studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman and photoluminescent (PL) spectroscopy. XPS measurements clearly confirmed Cd incorporation into ZnO lattice. XRD data revealed that the growth of wurtzite Zn₁₋xCdxO films occurs preferentially in the (002) direction. Also, when the Cd content is increased, the XRD peaks shift towards smaller angles and the full width at half-maximum of the lines increases. When the Cd content increases, LO A1 ( Zn₁₋CdxO )-like Raman modes show composition dependent frequency decrease and asymmetrical broadening. The near band-edge PL emission at room temperature shifts gradually to lower energies as the Cd content increases and reaches 2.68 eV for the highest Cd content (x = 0.12). The analysis of NBE band emission and Raman LO A1 ( Zn₁₋xCdxO ) mode shows that at a higher Cd content the coexistence of Zn₁₋xCdxO areas with different concentrations of Cd inside the same film occurs. The presence of CdO in annealed Zn₁₋xCdxO films with the higher Cd content was confirmed by Raman spectra of cubic CdO nanoinclusions. The XRD data also revealed phase segregation of cubic CdO in annealed Zn₁₋xCdxO films (Tann = 600 °C) for x ≥ 0.013