Regularity of the free boundary for a parabolic cooperative system

In this paper we study the following parabolic system Delta u - partial derivative(t)u = vertical bar u vertical bar(q-1) u chi({vertical bar u vertical bar > 0}), = (u(1), ... , u(m)), with free boundary partial derivative{vertical bar u vertical bar > 0). For 0Peer reviewe

Ultimatum game: regret or fairness?

In the ultimatum game, the challenge is to explain why responders reject non-zero offers thereby defying classical rationality. Fairness and related notions have been the main explanations so far. We explain this rejection behavior via the following principle: if the responder regrets less about losing the offer than the proposer regrets not offering the best option, the offer is rejected. This principle qualifies as a rational punishing behavior and it replaces the experimentally falsified classical rationality (the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium) that leads to accepting any non-zero offer. The principle is implemented via the transitive regret theory for probabilistic lotteries. The expected utility implementation is a limiting case of this. We show that several experimental results normally prescribed to fairness and intent-recognition can be given an alternative explanation via rational punishment; e.g. the comparison between "fair" and "superfair", the behavior under raising the stakes etc. Hence we also propose experiments that can distinguish these two scenarios (fairness versus regret-based punishment). They assume different utilities for the proposer and responder. We focus on the mini-ultimatum version of the game and also show how it can emerge from a more general setup of the game.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figure

The probable evidence of leprosy in a male individual unearthed in medieval Armenia (Angeghakot)

The objective of this study is to present the paleopathological lesions relevant to the discussion of the differential diagnosis of leprosy. Macroscopic, histological and X-ray observation of the bones and scrutiny of lesions according to the paleopathological literature allowed the identification of a probable case of leprosy in an adult male from Angeghakot (Early Middle Age, skeleton 4). The skeleton of a male (50–55 years) revealed several bony changes indicative of leprosy with clear rhino-maxillary syndrome. There is a scarcity of information in the osteoarchaeological literature of leprosy in ancient Armenia. The significance of this case is that it adds to an understanding of the history of the disease in Armenia and to the data set necessary to understand the epidemiological dynamics in the South Caucasus during the Early Middle Ages

Heart myxoma under the mask of interstitial lung lesion: a difficult case from practice

The aim of the investigation was to describe a clinical case of the development of interstitial lung lesions in a 57-year-old man with a large left atrial myxoma, which had a reverse development after myxomectomy.Materials and methods. Patient V., 57 years old, was hospitalized in the therapeutic department of the City Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after N. I. Pirogov in connection with bilateral polysegmental pneumonia. A month before hospitalization, he underwent an outpatient examination for progressive dyspnea. Myxoma of the heart was diagnosed. Due to the progression of respiratory failure and the appearance of fever, he was hospitalized. Amidst the multistage antibiotic therapy, there was a torpid course of lung pathology with syndromes of bilateral dissemination and “ground glass”, bilateral lymphadenopathy of the mediastinum, high pulmonary hypertension, and systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome. Thromboembolism of the branches of the pulmonary artery, tuberculosis, sepsis, infective endocarditis, neoplastic processes of pulmonary and other localization were excluded.Results. The clinical picture corresponded to interstitial lung lesions within the framework of paraneoplastic syndrome in heart myxoma. It was decided to urgently carry out myxomectomy.Conclusion. The clinical case demonstrates the development of a rare variant of paraneoplastic syndrome in left atrial myxoma, which was suspected during the patient’s treatment for bilateral polysegmental pneumonia. The progression of the pulmonary lesion was explained by active interstitial inflammation and was supported by the immunological activity of the heart tumor.The performed myxomectomy, despite the persisting syndrome of systemic inflammatory reaction and infiltration of the lung tissue, led in 2 weeks to complete resolution of interstitial lung lesions and pulmonary hypertension, which confirmed the causal relationship between myxoma of the heart and involvement in the pathological process of the lungs

Measurements of KL Branching Fractions and the CP Violation Parameter |eta+-|

We present new measurements of the six largest branching fractions of the KL using data collected in 1997 by the KTeV experiment (E832) at Fermilab. The results are B(KL -> pi e nu) = 0.4067 +- 0.0011 B(KL -> pi mu nu) = 0.2701 +- 0.0009 B(KL -> pi+ pi- pi0) = 0.1252 +- 0.0007 B(KL -> pi0 pi0 pi0) = 0.1945 +- 0.0018 B(KL -> pi+ pi-) = (1.975 +- 0.012)E-3, and B(KL -> pi0 pi0) = (0.865 +- 0.010)E-3, where statistical and systematic errors have been summed in quadrature. We also determine the CP violation parameter |eta+-| to be (2.228 +- 0.010)E-3. Several of these results are not in good agreement with averages of previous measurements.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. D; 20 pages, 22 figure

Reading tea leaves worldwide: Decoupled drivers of initial litter decomposition mass‐loss rate and stabilization

The breakdown of plant material fuels soil functioning and biodiversity. Currently, process understanding of global decomposition patterns and the drivers of such patterns are hampered by the lack of coherent large-scale datasets. We buried 36,000 individual litterbags (tea bags) worldwide and found an overall negative correlation between initial mass-loss rates and stabilization factors of plant-derived carbon, using the Tea Bag Index (TBI). The stabilization factor quantifies the degree to which easy-to-degrade components accumulate during early-stage decomposition (e.g. by environmental limitations). However, agriculture and an interaction between moisture and temperature led to a decoupling between initial mass-loss rates and stabilization, notably in colder locations. Using TBI improved mass-loss estimates of natural litter compared to models that ignored stabilization. Ignoring the transformation of dead plant material to more recalcitrant substances during early-stage decomposition, and the environmental control of this transformation, could overestimate carbon losses during early decomposition in carbon cycle models

Reading tea leaves worldwide: decoupled drivers of initial litter decomposition mass-loss rate and stabilisation

The breakdown of plant material fuels soil functioning and biodiversity. Currently, process understanding of global decomposition patterns and the drivers of such patterns are hampered by the lack of coherent large-scale datasets. We buried 36,000 individual litterbags (tea bags) worldwide and found an overall negative correlation between initial mass-loss rates and stabilization factors of plant-derived carbon, using the Tea Bag Index (TBI). The stabilization factor quantifies the degree to which easy-to-degrade components accumulate during early-stage decomposition (e.g. by environmental limitations). However, agriculture and an interaction between moisture and temperature led to a decoupling between initial mass-loss rates and stabilization, notably in colder locations. Using TBI improved mass-loss estimates of natural litter compared to models that ignored stabilization. Ignoring the transformation of dead plant material to more recalcitrant substances during early-stage decomposition, and the environmental control of this transformation, could overestimate carbon losses during early decomposition in carbon cycle models

Reading tea leaves worldwide: decoupled drivers of initial litter decomposition mass‐loss rate and stabilization

The breakdown of plant material fuels soil functioning and biodiversity. Currently, process understanding of global decomposition patterns and the drivers of such patterns are hampered by the lack of coherent large‐scale datasets. We buried 36,000 individual litterbags (tea bags) worldwide and found an overall negative correlation between initial mass‐loss rates and stabilization factors of plant‐derived carbon, using the Tea Bag Index (TBI). The stabilization factor quantifies the degree to which easy‐to‐degrade components accumulate during early‐stage decomposition (e.g. by environmental limitations). However, agriculture and an interaction between moisture and temperature led to a decoupling between initial mass‐loss rates and stabilization, notably in colder locations. Using TBI improved mass‐loss estimates of natural litter compared to models that ignored stabilization. Ignoring the transformation of dead plant material to more recalcitrant substances during early‐stage decomposition, and the environmental control of this transformation, could overestimate carbon losses during early decomposition in carbon cycle models

Inculturation of Manichean in Chinese Society

This article is devoted to historical-philosophical aspects of studying a spiritually multifaceted phenomenon of Manicheanism, especially in its Chinese interpretation. Having emerged in the Middle East as a syncretic philosophical-religious teaching, Manicheaenism penetrated into the territory of China by the VII century A.D. and, having absorbed and processed main autochthon directions of religious-philosophical thought (Buddhism, Daoism), managed to adjust successfully in the foreign culture and exist up to the XVI century

Experimental Dependences of Measurement Data on the Volume of Inhaled Air in Multi-frequency Electrical Impedance Tomography

This paper proposes an approach to modeling the process of artificial ventilation of human lungs by their controlled filling with a fixed volume of air, using an incentive spirometer Coach 2. This makes it possible to simulate the ventilation process for a healthy person and to link the assigned respiratory volume to measurement data. The results of experimental studies of the developed system of multifrequency electric impedance tomography are presented. The tests were performed for the frequency range from 50 kHz to 400 kHz (with a pitch of 50 kHz) at assigned respiratory volumes from 500 ml to 4,000 ml (with a pitch of 500 ml) for five inhalation/exhalation cycles. The scheme of research: active inhalation ‒ passive exhalation, the number of tested volunteers ‒ 3 people from the developers of the system. As a result, the dependences of the measured values of changes in potentials on the frequency of injected current for different respiratory volumes in three test participants without pathologies of the respiratory function and the external respiration function were obtained. The obtained results of the experimental studies show that there is a dependence of the value of the measurement data both on the volume of inhaled air and on the frequency of the injected current. This feature can be used to develop a number of medical devices for personalized monitoring of human lung function. It was also revealed that there are frequencies at which the maximum spread of measurement data according to the results of a series of repeated experiments is observed. At the same time, the nature of the change in the measurement data of the EIT at an increase in the volume of inhaled air is the same for all test participants. It is assumed that this feature can also be used to increase the EIT personalization degre