Distribution of live benthic foraminifera in the Ría de Vigo (NW Spain)

The spatial and vertical distributions of live benthic foraminifera from the muddy central axis of the Ría de Vigo were examined under downwelling and upwelling conditions. The spatial distribution of the main benthic foraminiferal species is controlled by salinity variations (San Simón Assemblage), food availability (Outer Ría Assemblage) and oxygen concentrations and/or reducing microenvironmental conditions in the sediment (Inner Ría Assemblage).The microhabitat distribution of benthic foraminifera is mainly dependant on the oxygenation/redox conditions in the sediment and the vertical segregation of food. In the inner areas of the ría, low oxygen and/or reducing microenvironmental conditions prevent the vertical segregation of microhabitats. In outer areas oxygen penetration is deep but microhabitat partitioning only occurs in the presence of additional food resources (mainly fresh organic carbon from phytoplankton blooms) which triggers the colonisation of the surface layer by new species and the migration upwards and reproduction of opportunistic species

Microhábitats de foraminíferos bentónicos en la ría de Vigo y su aplicación a la interpretación paleoecológica.

En este trabajo se han analizado las asociaciones actuales y subactuales de foraminíferos bentónicos a lo largo del eje central de la ría de Vigo con tres objetivos fundamentales: establecer los parámetros ambientales que controlan los microhábitats de estos organismos, determinar el efecto tafonómico y sentar las bases para una interpretación paleoecológica precisa de los ambientes de rías. Los resultados obtenidos en las biocenosis ponen de manifiesto que la distribución de foraminíferos bentónicos en un medio concreto está en equilibrio dinámico con las condiciones ambientales. Las acusadas variaciones espaciales y estacionales observadas se deben fundamentalmente a cambios en el aporte de materia orgánica al fondo. Sin embargo, el exceso de alimento introducido por la surgencia de agua oceánica durante el verano, causa un rápido empobrecimiento en oxígeno en el interior del sedimento, pasando a ser este parámetro el principal factor limitante de la infauna. Por consiguiente, los microhábitats de los foraminíferos bentónicos no son constantes, sino que se modifican como respuesta a las variaciones en la disponibilidad de alimento y a la oxigenación. Por su parte, las tanatocenosis/tafocenosis poseen unas características generales semejantes a las de las biocenosis, por lo que reflejan de forma bastan 99 P. Diz et al. Microhábitats de foraminíferos bentónicos en la ría de Vigo... te exacta la paleoecología del medio. No obstante se han establecido algunas diferencias tanto cualitativas como cuantitativas que deben ser tenidas en cuenta para interpretar de forma más acertada el registro fósil. Algunas especies son más abundantes en las asociaciones muertas que en las biocenosis, mientras que un menor número de taxones que se encuentran vivos frecuentemente, son destruidos por los procesos fosildiagenéticos y están subestimados en el registro sedimentario.In this work living and dead benthic foraminifera assemblages from the central axis of the ria de Vigo have been analysed. The main goals were: establishing the environmental parameters controlling benthic foraminifera microhabitats, determining the taphonomic effects, and stating the elements for an accurate paleoecological interpretation of the rias environment. The living assemblages show that benthic foraminifera distribution in the studied area reflects the dynamic equilibrium with the environmental conditions. The sharp spatial and seasonal changes observed are caused by organic matter supply fluctuations. Nevertheless, summer upwelling events produce an excess of organic flux to the bottom which accelerates the oxygen consumption into the sediment. So the oxygenation level becomes the main limiting parameter for infaunal species. As consequence, benthic foraminifera microhabitats are not stable, but they change according to food and oxygen availability. On the other hand, the dead assemblages show similar features to those from living ones. Then, the dead assemblages are an accurate expression of the paleoenvironmental conditions. However some qualitative and quantitative differences should be taken into account for a better understanding of the fossil record. Several species are more abundant in the dead assemblages than in the living ones, whereas there are some taxa that are more frequent alive. These taxa were destroyed by fossildiagenetic processes and thus are underestimated in the dead assemblages

Percepciones de los diferentes agentes implicados en el servicio de formación universitaria

La Universidad en España está en la actualidad en un momento de transformación con la entrada en vigor de los nuevos planes de estudio según los criterios de la declaración de Bolonia de 1999. Teniendo en cuenta la trayectoria de investigación que desde hace unos años se viene observando en las universidades españolas en el estudio de la formación universitaria como un servicio de alta implicación, proponemos un nuevo trabajo en el ámbito de las Titulaciones de Grado en Empresa dentro del nuevo Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. Concretamente, el trabajo se centra en las nuevas competencias que deberían contemplar los nuevos grados de empresa en el ámbito español. Para ello, hemos realizado una serie de consultas para conocer las percepciones de los diferentes agentes implicados en el proceso de formación: alumnos, profesores, egresados, profesionales y empresas. Consultas que nos han permitido obtener información relevante para el desarrollo de los nuevos planes de estudio

Análisis y evaluación del servicio de formación universitaria: implicaciones para el marketing estratégico de las universidades

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es el de realizar un análisis descriptivo que ilustre la particularidad del servicio de formación universitaria, tanto en lo que respecta a su evaluación como a su elección por los consumidores. Para ello, en la exposición del marco teórico se abordará el servicio de formación universitaria tanto desde la perspectiva de estudio que ofrece la investigación del comportamiento del consumidor, como desde una perspectiva de análisis estratégico. A continuación se exponen los resultados de un estudio empírico exploratorio realizado a estudiantes valencianos de la rama de empresa sobre la evaluación de los diferentes paraservicios, así como de su nivel general de satisfacción. Se proponen análisis de correspondencias para identificar factores explicativos de la elección de centros públicos o privados, religiosos o laicos. Las implicaciones para la gestión estratégica de las universidades son también abordadas

La motivación de compra de productos de comercio justo: propuesta de un índice de medición por diferencias sociodemográficas

Entre los diferentes campos de estudio del comercio justo, el basado en el análisis de las características del consumidor es de los más ricos e interesantes. El objetivo del texto es contribuir a dar respuesta a la pregunta sobre las motivaciones que llevan a los consumidores a comprar productos de comercio justo. Para ello, se analizan el concepto de comercio justo y la dimensionalidad de las motivaciones de compra de este tipo de producto. El trabajo explora sobre la base de un índice construido a partir de las puntuaciones de la motivación de compra en tiendas de comercio justo. Dicho índice permite describir diferencias de comportamiento por sexo, edad, nivel de estudios y nivel de ingresos. Los recuestados, sobre la base de un índice construido a partir de las puntuaciones de la motivación de compra en tiendas de comercio justo. Dicho índice permite describir diferencias de comportamiento por sexo, edad, nivel de estudios y nivel de ingresos. Los resultados muestran que el comercio justo es ampliamente conocido y que dimensiones sociales y funcionales motivan la compra

Climate fluctuations during the Holocene in NW Iberia: high and low latitude linkages

International audienceHigh resolution benthic foraminiferal oxygen and carbon stable isotopes (?18O, ?13C) from core EUGC-3B are used here to infer rapid climatic changes for the last 8500 yr in the Ría de Muros (NW Iberian Margin). Benthic foraminiferal ?18O and ?13C potentially register migrations in the position of the hydrographic front formed between two different intermediate water masses: Eastern North Atlantic Central Water of subpolar origin (ENACWsp), and subtropical origin (ENACWsp). The isotopic records have been compared with two well established North Atlantic marine Holocene paleoceanographic records from low (Sea Surface Temperatures anomalies off Cape Blanc, NW Africa) and high latitudes (Hematite Stained Grains percentage, subpolar North Atlantic). This comparison clearly demonstrates that there is a strong link between high- and low-latitude climatic perturbations at centennial-millennial time scales during the Holocene. Spectral analyses also points at a pole-to-equator propagation of the so-called 1500 yr cycles. Our results demonstrate that during the Holocene, the NW Iberian Margin has undergone a series of cold episodes which are likely triggered at high latitudes in the North Atlantic and are rapidly propagated towards lower latitudes. Conceivably, the propagation of these rapid climatic changes involves a shift of atmospheric and oceanic circulatory systems and so a migration of the hydrographical fronts and water masses all along the North Atlantic area

Flood frequency analysis of historical flood data under stationary and non-stationary modelling

Historical records are an important source of information on extreme and rare floods and fundamental to establish a reliable flood return frequency. The use of long historical records for flood frequency analysis brings in the question of flood stationarity, since climatic and land-use conditions can affect the relevance of past flooding as a predictor of future flooding. In this paper, a detailed 400 yr flood record from the Tagus River in Aranjuez (central Spain) was analysed under stationary and non-stationary flood frequency approaches, to assess their contribution within hazard studies. Historical flood records in Aranjuez were obtained from documents (Proceedings of the City Council, diaries, chronicles, memoirs, etc.), epigraphic marks, and indirect historical sources and reports. The water levels associated with different floods (derived from descriptions or epigraphic marks) were computed into discharge values using a one-dimensional hydraulic model. Secular variations in flood magnitude and frequency, found to respond to climate and environmental drivers, showed a good correlation between high values of historical flood discharges and a negative mode of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. Over the systematic gauge record (1913–2008), an abrupt change on flood magnitude was produced in 1957 due to constructions of three major reservoirs in the Tagus headwaters (Bolarque, Entrepeñas and Buendia) controlling 80% of the watershed surface draining to Aranjuez. Two different models were used for the flood frequency analysis: (a) a stationary model estimating statistical distributions incorporating imprecise and categorical data based on maximum likelihood estimators, and (b) a time-varying model based on "generalized additive models for location, scale and shape" (GAMLSS) modelling, which incorporates external covariates related to climate variability (NAO index) and catchment hydrology factors (in this paper a reservoir index; RI). Flood frequency analysis using documentary data (plus gauged records) improved the estimates of the probabilities of rare floods (return intervals of 100 yr and higher). Under non-stationary modelling flood occurrence associated with an exceedance probability of 0.01 (i.e. return period of 100 yr) has changed over the last 500 yr due to decadal and multi-decadal variability of the NAO. Yet, frequency analysis under stationary models was successful in providing an average discharge around which value flood quantiles estimated by non-stationary models fluctuate through time

Calibration of a parsimonious distributed ecohydrological daily model in a data-scarce basin by exclusively using the spatio-temporal variation of NDVI

[EN] Ecohydrological modeling studies in developing countries, such as sub-Saharan Africa, often face the problem of extensive parametrical requirements and limited available data. Satellite remote sensing data may be able to fill this gap, but require novel methodologies to exploit their spatiotemporal information that could potentially be incorporated into model calibration and validation frameworks. The present study tackles this problem by suggesting an automatic calibration procedure, based on the empirical orthogonal function, for distributed ecohydrological daily models. The procedure is tested with the support of remote sensing data in a data-scarce environment-the upper Ewaso Ngiro river basin in Kenya. In the present application, the TETIS-VEG model is calibrated using only NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) data derived from MODIS. The results demonstrate that (1) satellite data of vegetation dynamics can be used to calibrate and validate ecohydrological models in water-controlled and datascarce regions, (2) the model calibrated using only satellite data is able to reproduce both the spatio-temporal vegetation dynamics and the observed discharge at the outlet and (3) the proposed automatic calibration methodology works satisfactorily and it allows for a straightforward incorporation of spatio-temporal data into the calibration and validation framework of a model.The research leading to these results has received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER funds, through the research projects ECOTETIS (CGL2011-28776-C02-014) and TETISMED (CGL2014-58127-C3-3-R). The collaboration between Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Universita degli studi della Basilicata and Princeton University was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the EEBB-I-15-10262 fellowship.Ruiz Perez, G.; Koch, J.; Manfreda, S.; Caylor, KK.; Francés, F. (2017). Calibration of a parsimonious distributed ecohydrological daily model in a data-scarce basin by exclusively using the spatio-temporal variation of NDVI. HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES. 21(12):6235-6251. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6235-2017S623562512112Allen, R. G., Pruitt, W. O., Wright, J. L., Howell, T. A., Ventura, F., Snyder, R., Itenfisu, D., Steduto, P., Berengena, J., Yrisarry, J. B., Smith, M., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., Perrier, A., Alves, I., Walter, I., Elliott, R.: A recommendation on standardized surface resistance for hourly calculation of reference ET0 by the FAO56 Penman-Monteith method, Agr. 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Integrating MRS data with hydrologic model - Carrizal Catchment (Spain)

Magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) provides quantitative hydrogeological information on hydrostratigraphy and hydraulic parameters of subsurface (e.g. flow and storage property of aquifers) that can be integrated in distributed hydrologic models. The hydraulic parameters are typically obtained by pumping tests. In this study, we propose an MRS integration method based on optimizing MRS estimates of aquifer hydraulic parameters through hydrologic model calibration. The proposed MRS integration method was applied in the 73 km2 Carrizal Catchment in Spain, characterized by a shallow unconfined aquifer with an unknown aquifer bottom. 12 MRS survey results were inverted with Samovar 11.3, schematized and integrated in the transient, distributed, coupled, hydrologic, MARMITES-MODFLOW model. As the aquifer bottom was unknown, the aquifer was schematized into one unconfined layer of uniform thickness. For that layer, MRS estimators of specific yield and transmissivity/hydraulic conductivity were calculated as weighted averages of the inverted MRS layers. The MRS integration with hydrologic model was carried out by introducing multipliers of specific yield and transmissivity/hydraulic conductivity that were optimized during transient model calibration using 11 time-series piezometric observation points. The optimized multipliers were 1.0 for specific yield and 3.5*10-9 for hydraulic conductivity. These multipliers were used, and can be used in future MRS investigations in the Carrizal Catchment (and/or adjacent area with similar hydrogeological conditions), to convert MRS survey results into aquifer hydraulic parameters. The proposed method of MRS data integration in the hydrologic model of Carrizal Catchment not only allowed us to calibrate the model but also to confirm the functional capability of MRS in quantitative groundwater assessment. Most importantly however, it demonstrated that if pumping tests are not available, the use of MRS integrated in distributed coupled hydrological models, or even in standalone groundwater models, provides a valuable aquifer parameterization alternative

Value, satisfaction and loyalty in volunteerism. Application to a religious megaevent

This paper presents a study of the volunteer as an essential agent in the success of any event, and offers recommendations for improving management of megaevents. To achieve this goal we propose a structural model that analyses the multidimensionality of the value concept as antecedent of perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty. The study sample consists of volunteers who participated in the World Youth Day held in Madrid in 2011,obtaining a total number of 1427 cases. The results support all the hypotheses presented in the proposed model. Thus, it confirms that the multidimensionality of the value (spirituality, social value, play and efficiency) is an antecedent of perceived value while confirming the perceived value-satisfaction-loyalty chain. The most important background is play which shows that volunteering is better understood as entertainment, not as a job