Eye movements and processing stages in reading: Relative contribution of visual, lexical, and contextual factors.

Sin resume

Processing of Threat-related Information Outside the Focus of Visual Attention

En el presente estudio se investiga si las palabras relativas a peligros se perciben fuera del campo de atención visual. En una tarea de decisión léxica se presentaron como estímulos de prueba palabras representativas de peligro, otras de contenido emocional positivo, y otras neutras. La palabra de prueba iba precedida por 2 palabras-contexto simultáneas (1 en posición foveal, en el centro del campo visual; 1 parafoveal, desplazada 2.2 grados a izquierda o derecha) durante 150 ms. Una de las palabras-contexto era idéntica a la de prueba o bien no estaba relacionada ésta. Los resultados mostraron facilitación en la tarea de decisión léxica para las palabras de peligro cuando estaban precedidas por una palabra idéntica en el campo parafoveal derecho. Se concluye que las palabras de peligro tienen un acceso privilegiado (en comparación con las neutras y con las positivas) para ser analizadas fuera del foco de atención. Esto revela un sesgo cognitivo en el procesamiento preferente y en paralelo de la información con importancia adaptativa.This study investigates whether threat-related words are especially likely to be perceived in unattended locations of the visual field. Threat-related, positive, and neutral words were presented at fixation as probes in a lexical decision task. The probe word was preceded by 2 simultaneous prime words (1 foveal, i.e., at fixation; 1 parafoveal, i.e., 2.2 deg. of visual angle from fixation), which were presented for 150 ms, one of which was either identical or unrelated to the probe. Results showed significant facilitation in lexical response times only for the probe threat words when primed parafoveally by an identical word presented in the right visual field. We conclude that threat-related words have privileged access to processing outside the focus of attention. This reveals a cognitive bias in the preferential, parallel processing of information that is important for adaptation

Human observers and automated assessment of dynamic emotional facial expressions: KDEF-dyn database validation

Most experimental studies of facial expression processing have used static stimuli (photographs), yet facial expressions in daily life are generally dynamic. In its original photographic format, the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces (KDEF) has been frequently utilized. In the current study, we validate a dynamic version of this database, the KDEF-dyn. To this end, we applied animation between neutral and emotional expressions (happy, sad, angry, fearful, disgusted, and surprised; 1,033-ms unfolding) to 40 KDEF models, with morphing software. Ninety-six human observers categorized the expressions of the resulting 240 video-clip stimuli, and automated face analysis assessed the evidence for 6 expressions and 20 facial action units (AUs) at 31 intensities. Low-level image properties (luminance, signal-to-noise ratio, etc.) and other purely perceptual factors (e.g., size, unfolding speed) were controlled. Human recognition performance (accuracy, efficiency, and confusions) patterns were consistent with prior research using static and other dynamic expressions. Automated assessment of expressions and AUs was sensitive to intensity manipulations. Significant correlations emerged between human observers' categorization and automated classification. The KDEF-dyn database aims to provide a balance between experimental control and ecological validity for research on emotional facial expression processing. The stimuli and the validation data are available to the scientific community

Discovery of an emitting ring in the seyfert 1 galaxy UCM 2329+2500

We analyze a rather interesting galaxy discovered during the UCM survey for new Hα emission-line galaxies. The new galaxy UCM 2329+2500 presents a compact core that hosts a Seyfert 1 nucleus. The spectrum of the Seyfert nucleus presents broad components (FWHM=8000 km s^-1) and asymmetric profiles at the Balmer lines showing a secondary peak more apparent on the Hβ line and also observed in the Hα deblended line. Only traces of profile variability have been detected during spectroscopic observations at four different dates spanning 29 months. Eight kpc away from the nucleus, a ring-like structure that surrounds the core is observed. A long slit spectrum at PA 45° has revealed emission lines coming from both sides of the ring. The emission detected is prominent at a condensation observed on the red image. Star formation is the most plausible explanation. A high obscuration is also observed. All this information is coherent with a galactic encounter scenario

Alternating diatomaceous and volcaniclastic deposits in Milos Island, Greece. A contribution to the upper Pliocene–lower Pleistocene stratigraphy of the Aegean Sea

In the northern part of Milos Island, South Aegean Volcanic Arc, a stratigraphic succession spanning the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene exceeds 300 m in thickness and records an alternation of products from submarine volcanic explosive events and fossiliferous, both siliceous and carbonate marine sedimentary rocks. The accumulation of volcaniclastic deposits took place under subaqueous marine conditions as evidenced by sedimentary features, scarce fossil remains and the local presence of burrow traces. Each major volcanic event was represented by the accumulation of thick-bedded pumice and glassy tuffs, succeeded by the deposition of marine sediments composed mainly of laminated diatomaceous marlstone and sandy limestone. The silica content of the diatomaceous sediments varies from 39% to 70%, mostly in the form of biogenic opal-A. SiO2/Al2O3 ratios ranging from 5 to 21 indicate a varied contribution of reworked volcanic grains. The sequential arrangement of basinal diatomaceous marlstone and shoreface sandy limestone deposits suggests that the depth of water was not great, which is also consistent with features observed in the volcaniclastic deposits. Calcareous nannofossils from the upper part of the succession of northern Milos allow biostratigraphic correlation with nannofossil biozones MNN19a–MNN19b across the Gelasian/Calabrian boundary within the early Pleistocene. A late Pliocene (Piacenzian) age has been estimated for the lower part of the section, where biozone MNN16a has been documented. Diatoms, planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossil assemblages in the diatomaceous beds point to deposition in a partially closed, relatively shallow marine environment. In this setting,warmand stratified water conditions can be concluded for the Piacenzian diatomaceous beds whereas highly productive cool waters are inferred from the Gelasian/Calabrian diatomite

Uso del mini nutritional assesment como herramienta de cribaje nutricional en la población mayor de 65 años en el ámbito hospitalario; conveniencia y factibilidad

The high prevalence of malnutrition in the growing population of older adults makes malnutrition screening critical, especially in hospitalized elderly patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate the use of the MNA® Mini Nutritional Assessment in hospitalized older adults for rapid evaluation of nutritional risk. A prospective cohort study was made of 106 patients 65 years old or older admitted to an internal medicine ward of a tertiary-care teaching hospital to evaluate the use of the short form, or screening phase, of the MNA-SF. In the first 48 hours of admission, the full MNA questionnaire was administered and laboratory tests and a dermatologic evaluation were made. The MNA score showed that 77% of the patients were at risk of malnutrition or were frankly malnourished. Low blood levels of albumin, cholesterol and vitamins A and D showed a statistically significant association with malnutrition or risk of malnutrition. Separate evaluation of the MNA-SF showed that it was accurate, sensitive and had predictive value for the screening process. Routine use of the MNA-SF questionnaire by admission nurses to screen patients is recommended. Patients with MNA-SF scores of 11 or lower should be specifically assessed by the nutritional intervention teamEl envejecimiento de la población y la elevada prevalencia de desnutrición en este colectivo hacen que el cribaje de desnutrición sea fundamental, especialmente en ancianos ingresados. Realizamos un estudio prospectivo sobre una población de 106 pacientes mayores de 65 años, ingresados en plantas de Medicina Interna de un hospital terciario, en el que se ha seguido la aplicación sistemática de Minimal Nutritional Assessment (MNA) en las primeras 48 horas de ingreso, así como una evaluación hematológica y dermatológica. Hemos detectado situación nutricional de riesgo (RM) o malnutrición (MN) en el 77% de los casos. Los marcadores biológicos que resultaron asociados estadísticamente a la MN o RM fueron la hipoalbuminemia, hipocolesterolemia, así como la hipovitaminosis A y D. Proponemos el empleo rutinario de la fase de cribaje del MNA por la enfermera de hospitalización, y la valoración específica por equipo especializado (Unidad de Nutrición) en caso de puntuación igual o inferior a 1

Observations of a complete sample of Hα emission-line galaxies. Long-slit spectroscopy of galaxies in UCM lists 1 and 2

Spectroscopic observations for the full sample of Her emission-line galaxy candidates (ELGs) from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid objective-prism survey Lists 1 and 2 have been obtained in order to investigate fully the properties of the survey constituents as well as the selection characteristics and completeness limits of the survey itself. The spectroscopic data include redshifts, line fluxes, equivalent widths, emission-line ratios, optical reddening estimates and synthesized color indexes. We find that 74% of the objects in this sample do exhibit emission Lines. We compare our observational data, with parameters given in the published survey lists in order to assess the usefulness of the latter. The different emission-line galaxies have been classified according to their spectra in several groups. Gray-scale images of the CCD spectra near the main emission lines, spatial profiles at the continuum and the Line for [OIII] λ5007 and Hα lines, as well as plots of the coadded spectra of selected galaxies are presented, and a number of peculiar objects are described

Origin of the Rubian carbonate-hosted magnesite deposit, Galicia, NW Spain: mineralogical, REE, fluid inclusion and isotope evidence)

The Rubian magnesite deposit (West Asturian—Leonese Zone, Iberian Variscan belt) is hosted by a 100-m-thick folded and metamorphosed Lower Cambrian carbonate/siliciclastic metasedimentary sequence—the Cándana Limestone Formation. It comprises upper (20-m thickness) and lower (17-m thickness) lens-shaped ore bodies separated by 55 m of slates and micaceous schists. The main (lower) magnesite ore body comprises a package of magnesite beds with dolomite-rich intercalations, sandwiched between slates and micaceous schists. In the upper ore body, the magnesite beds are thinner (centimetre scale mainly) and occur between slate beds. Mafic dolerite dykes intrude the mineralisation. The mineralisation passes eastwards into sequence of bedded dolostone (Buxan) and laminated to banded calcitic marble (Mao). These show significant Variscan extensional shearing or fold-related deformation, whereas neither Rubian dolomite nor magnesite show evidence of tectonic disturbance. This suggests that the dolomitisation and magnesite formation postdate the main Variscan deformation. In addition, the morphology of magnesite crystals and primary fluid inclusions indicate that magnesite is a neoformed hydrothermal mineral. Magnesite contains irregularly distributed dolomite inclusions (<50 μm) and these are interpreted as relics of a metasomatically replaced dolostone precursor. The total rare earth element (REE) contents of magnesite are verysimilar to those of Buxan dolostone but are depleted in light rare earth elements (LREE); heavy rare earth element concentrations are comparable. However, magnesite REE chondrite normalised profiles lack any characteristic anomaly indicative of marine environment. Compared with Mao calcite, magnesite is distinct in terms of both REE concentrations and patterns. Fluid inclusion studies show that the mineralising fluids were MgCl2–NaCl–CaCl2–H2O aqueous brines exhibiting highly variable salinities (3.3 to 29.5 wt.% salts). This may be the result of a combination of fluid mixing, migration of pulses of variable-salinity brines and/or local dissolution and replacement processes of the host dolostone. Fluid inclusion data and comparison with other N Iberian dolostone-hosted metasomatic deposits suggest that Rubian magnesite probably formed at temperatures between 160 and 200°C. This corresponds, at hydrostatic pressure (500 bar), to a depth of formation of ∼5 km. Mineralisation- related Rubian dolomite yields δ18O values (δ18O: 12.0–15.4‰, mean: 14.4±1.1‰) depleted by around 5‰ compared with barren Buxan dolomite (δ18O: 17.1– 20.2‰, mean: 19.4±1.0‰). This was interpreted to reflect an influx of 18O-depleted waters accompanied by a temperature increase in a fluid-dominated system. Overlapping calculated δ18Ofluid values (∼+5‰ at 200°C) for fluids in equilibrium with Rubian dolomite and magnesite show that they were formed by the same hydrothermal system at different temperatures. In terms of δ13C values, Rubian dolomite (δ13C: −1.4 to 1.9‰, mean: 0.4±1.3‰) and magnesite (δ13C: −2.3 to 2.4‰, mean: 0.60±1.0‰) generally exhibit more negative δ13C values compared with Buxan dolomite (δ13C: −0.2 to 1.9‰, mean: 0.8± 0.6‰) and Mao calcite (δ13C: −0.3 to 1.5‰, mean: 0.6± 0.6‰), indicating progressive odification to lower δ13C values through interaction with hydrothermal fluids. 87Sr/86Sr ratios, calculated at 290 Ma, vary from 0.70849 to 0.70976 for the Mao calcite and from 0.70538 to 0.70880 for the Buxan dolostone. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios in Rubian magnesite are more radiogenic and range from 0.71123 to 0.71494. The combined δ18O–δ13C and 87Sr/86Sr data indicate that the magnesite-related fluids were modified basinal brines that have reacted and equilibrated with intercalated siliciclastic rocks. Magnesite formation is genetically linked to regional hydrothermal dolomitisation associated with lithospheric delamination, late-Variscan high heat flow and extensional tectonics in the NW Iberian Belt. A comparison with genetic models for the Puebla de Lillo talc deposits suggests that the formation of hydrothermal replacive magnesite at Rubian resulted from a metasomatic column with magnesite forming at higher fluid/rock ratios than dolomite. In this study, magnesite generation took place via the local reaction of hydrothermal dolostone with the same hydrothermal fluids in very high permeability zones at high fluid/rock ratios (e.g. faults). It was also possibly aided by additional heat from intrusive dykes or sub-cropping igneous bodies. This would locally raise isotherms enabling a transition from the dolomite stability field to that of magnesite

A Hybrid Algorithm for Missing Data Imputation and Its Application to Electrical Data Loggers

The storage of data is a key process in the study of electrical power networks related to the search for harmonics and the finding of a lack of balance among phases. The presence of missing data of any of the main electrical variables (phase-to-neutral voltage, phase-to-phase voltage, current in each phase and power factor) affects any time series study in a negative way that has to be addressed. When this occurs, missing data imputation algorithms are required. These algorithms are able to substitute the data that are missing for estimated values. This research presents a new algorithm for the missing data imputation method based on Self-Organized Maps Neural Networks and Mahalanobis distances and compares it not only with a well-known technique called Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE) but also with an algorithm previously proposed by the authors called Adaptive Assignation Algorithm (AAA). The results obtained demonstrate how the proposed method outperforms both algorithms.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, AYA2014-57648-PAsturias (Comunidad Autónoma). Consejería de Economía y Empleo, FC-15-GRUPIN14-01

Morfología femoral proximal en fracturas de cadera

Es frecuente observar como pacientes que han sufrido una fractura de cadera, si se fracturan posteriormente la cadera contralateral, es del mismo tipo que la primera fractura. El objetivo de este trabajo es tratar de relacional la morfología femoral proximal con la producción de un tipo determinado de fractura. Para ello hemos realizado un estudio prospectivo en 50 pacientes mayores de 65 años, sin distinción de sexo, que han ingresado en nuestro servicio por fractura femoral proximal, 25 cervicales y 25 trocantéreas, tras traumatismo de baja energía. Los parámetros medidos en la radiografía anteposterior de la cadera sana han sido la longitud del cuello femoral, el offset, el diámetro de la cabeza femoral, la posición de la cabeza femoral y el ángulo cervicodiafisario. La única variable en la que hemos constatado una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ambos tipos de fractura ha sido la longitud del cuello femoral, produciéndose las fracturas cervicales en los pacientes con mayor longitud de éste.Frecuently when patients suffer a hip fracture, if they fracture the contralateral hip, this is the same type than the firts fracture. The objective of this paper is connect the proximal femoral morphology with the production of one type fracture. We have made a prospective study in 50 patients older than 65 years old, whithout distinction of sex, who entried in our service with proximal femoral fracture neck, the offset, the diameter of the femoral head, the position of the femoral head and the neck-shaft angle. The only different variable statistical significantly between both types of the fracture was the length of the femoral neck, happening cervical fractures in patients with longer femoral neck