La anorexia y la bulimia en la red. Ana y Mia dos «malas compañías para las jóvenes» de hoy

Eating disorders have been uploaded to internet in a large range of websites, blogs, forums and personal testimonies. Since its beginning, as well as information pages and offers of treatments, has been appearing a stream in support of such disorders, that have made this disease a «lifestyle« and that have shared with everyone, what they called his philosophy, defending a «misunderstood freedom of expression.» This article analyzes the content and potential impact of the proliferation of these websites and forums on the web taking into account the complexity of these forums pro eating disorders and analysing their double effect on those who attend.ResumenLos trastornos de alimentación se han subido a la red con un gran despliegue de páginas web, blog, foros y testimonios personales. Desde sus inicios, además de páginas informativas, y ofertas de tratamientos ha ido apareciendo una corriente en apoyo de dichos desórdenes que han hecho de esta enfermedad una "forma de vida" y que comparten con cualquier usuario lo que ellos mismos denominan su filosofía defendiendo una "mal entendida libertad de expresión". En este artículo se analiza el contenido y posibles repercusiones de la proliferación de estas páginas y foros en la web teniendo en cuenta la complejidad de estos foros pro trastornos de alimentación y analizando su doble efecto en quienes los frecuentan. AbstractEating disorders have been uploaded to internet in a large range of websites, blogs, forums and personal testimonies. Since its beginning, as well as information pages and offers of treatments, has been appearing a stream in support of such disorders, that have made this disease a «lifestyle« and that have shared with everyone, what they called his philosophy, defending a «misunderstood freedom of expression.» This article analyzes the content and potential impact of the proliferation of these websites and forums on the web taking into account the complexity of these forums pro eating disorders and analysing their double effect on those who attend

Cuestionario de Imagen Corporal para la detección temprana de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria

This paper presents the results obtained after developing and validating the Body Image Questionnaire with a sample of 395 persons belonging to clinical or general population. The instrument allows assessing probable eating disorders related to bulimia, anorexia, obesity, orthorexia, and bigorexia. All the factors and total scale showed good internal consistency. Factor analysis confirmed the multidimensionality of the scale and therefore, its construct validity. The results of the instrument implementation suggest that the existence of personal or family history related to these disorders or to anxiety or depression, increase the likelihood of developing eating disorders. This is consistent with the literature and supports the experimental validity of the measure.ResumenEl presente artículo presenta los resultados obtenidos tras desarrollar y validar el Cuestionario de Imagen Corporal, con una muestra de 395 personas pertenecientes a población clínica o general. El instrumento permite valorar la posible existencia de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria relacionados con la bulimia, anorexia, obesidad, vigorexia y ortorexia. Todos los factores y la escala en su conjunto mostraron adecuada consistencia interna y el análisis factorial confirmó la multidimensionalidad de la escala y por tanto, avala su validez de constructo. Los resultados obtenidos de la aplicación del instrumento sugieren que la existencia de antecedentes personales o familiares relacionados con estos trastornos o con ansiedad o depresión, incrementan la probabilidad de presentar problemas de conducta alimentaria. Ello es consistente con la literatura y apoya su validez experimental. AbstractThis paper presents the results obtained after developing and validating the Body Image Questionnaire with a sample of 395 persons belonging to clinical or general population. The instrument allows assessing probable eating disorders related to bulimia, anorexia, obesity, orthorexia, and bigorexia. All the factors and total scale showed good internal consistency. Factor analysis confirmed the multidimensionality of the scale and therefore, its construct validity. The results of the instrument implementation suggest that the existence of personal or family history related to these disorders or to anxiety or depression, increase the likelihood of developing eating disorders. This is consistent with the literature and supports the experimental validity of the measure

Revisión de los servicios de atención psicológica y psicopedagógica en las universidades españolas

This paper presents the results of a descriptive study of the psychological assistance and psychoeducational counseling services in the current 74 Spanish universities. The data has been obtained from the universities' websites, the answers provided by the services staff who filled in a form and through telephonic conversations. We have found 70 services implemented in 51 universities. These services include 11 psychoeducational counseling services, 37 psychological services and 22 mixed services. As for the function, 34 run counseling tasks, 34 psychotherapeutic interventions and 2 specific programs. In spite of the fact that the results indicate an increasing development of these services throughout this decade, 30% of the institutions of Higher Education still lack this type of services. Additionally we have analyzed the human resources working for these services, the function of these services, the users they have worked for, the cost for the user, the denomination of the services and its organic dependence.ResumenEste trabajo presenta los resultados de un estudio descriptivo de revisión de los Servicios Psicológicos/Psicopedagógicos en las actuales 74 Universidades españolas. Los datos se han obtenido a partir de las webs institucionales, de las respuestas a un formulario facilitadas por los responsables de dichos servicios y por medio de comunicación telefónica. Se han encontrado un total de 70 servicios implementados en 51 universidades. De estos servicios 11 son psicopedagógicos, 37 psicológicos y 22 mixtos. En cuanto a la función 34 realizan asesoramiento, 34 intervención psicoterapéutica y 2 programas específicos. A pesar de que los resultados indican un creciente desarrollo de estos servicios a lo largo de esta década, el 30% de las instituciones de Educación Superior carecen de este tipo de servicios. También se han analizado los recursos humanos con los que cuentan, la función de estos servicios, la población que atienden, los costes para el usuario, la denominación de los servicios y su dependencia orgánica.AbstractThis paper presents the results of a descriptive study of the psychological assistance and psychoeducational counseling services in the current 74 Spanish universities. The data has been obtained from the universities' websites, the answers provided by the services staff who filled in a form and through telephonic conversations. We have found 70 services implemented in 51 universities. These services include 11 psychoeducational counseling services, 37 psychological services and 22 mixed services. As for the function, 34 run counseling tasks, 34 psychotherapeutic interventions and 2 specific programs. In spite of the fact that the results indicate an increasing development of these services throughout this decade, 30% of the institutions of Higher Education still lack this type of services. Additionally we have analyzed the human resources working for these services, the function of these services, the users they have worked for, the cost for the user, the denomination of the services and its organic dependence

La orientación educativa en las universidades españolas: de la orientación laboral y vocacional a la atención psicológica

The present article reviews the concept of educational guidance from a historical point of view. The concept is developed from three areas of interest, professional, academic and personal. Although at the beginning the main area of interest was the person's suitability to a certain position, nowadays a wider vision from the educational guidance is maintained, taking into account problems such as, how the student fits in an academic level and the psychological assistance to the problems students have to face along their learning process. Although Spanish universities consider educational guidance as a valuable component, major attention must be paid and resources invested. It is, also, pointed out, that a regulatory framework is mandatory which organizes the educational guidance and develops it in several aspects, academic, professional and personal. It seems to be also necessary the existence of external agencies to evaluate its quality.El presente artículo revisa el concepto de orientación educativa desde un punto de vista histórico. Se desarrolla el concepto desde tres puntos de interés, el profesional, el académico y el personal y se concluye que si bien el foco principal de interés en sus primeros momentos fue la adecuación del usuario a un puesto de trabajo, en estos momentos se mantiene una visión más amplia de la orientación, en la que se tiene en cuenta los problemas de encaje del alumno en el plano académico y la atención psicológica de los problemas vitales ante los que se encuentra a lo largo de su proceso formativo. Desde las universidades españolas se está considerando la orientación como un elemento de calidad, pero se considera que ésta debe ser objeto de una mayor atención y dotación de medios. También se señala que se hace necesario un marco regulador que organice la orientación y la desarrolle en todos sus frentes, académico, profesional y personal y el seguimiento de la misma desde las Agencias de Evaluación de la Calidad.AbstractThe present article reviews the concept of educational guidance from a historical point of view. The concept is developed from three areas of interest, professional, academic and personal. Although at the beginning the main area of interest was the person's suitability to a certain position, nowadays a wider vision from the educational guidance is maintained, taking into account problems such as, how the student fits in an academic level and the psychological assistance to the problems students have to face along their learning process. Although Spanish universities consider educational guidance as a valuable component, major attention must be paid and resources invested. It is, also, pointed out, that a regulatory framework is mandatory which organizes the educational guidance and develops it in several aspects, academic, professional and personal. It seems to be also necessary the existence of external agencies to evaluate its quality

FUS-DDIT3 Prevents the Development of Adipocytic Precursors in Liposarcoma by Repressing PPARγ and C/EBPα and Activating eIF4E

FUS-DDIT3 is a chimeric protein generated by the most common chromosomal translocation t(12;16)(q13;p11) linked to liposarcomas, which are characterized by the accumulation of early adipocytic precursors. Current studies indicate that FUS-DDIT3- liposarcoma develops from uncommitted progenitors. However, the precise mechanism whereby FUS-DDIT3 contributes to the differentiation arrest remains to be elucidated. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we have characterized the adipocyte regulatory protein network in liposarcomas of FUS-DITT3 transgenic mice and showed that PPARgamma2 and C/EBPalpha expression was altered. Consistent with in vivo data, FUS-DDIT3 MEFs and human liposarcoma cell lines showed a similar downregulation of both PPARgamma2 and C/EBPalpha expression. Complementation studies with PPARgamma but not C/EBPalpha rescued the differentiation block in committed adipocytic precursors expressing FUS-DDIT3. Our results further show that FUS-DDIT3 interferes with the control of initiation of translation by upregulation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factors eIF2 and eIF4E both in FUS-DDIT3 mice and human liposarcomas cell lines, explaining the shift towards the truncated p30 isoform of C/EBPalpha in liposarcomas. Suppression of the FUS-DDIT3 transgene did rescue this adipocyte differentiation block. Moreover, eIF4E was also strongly upregulated in normal adipose tissue of FUS-DDIT3 transgenic mice, suggesting that overexpression of eIF4E may be a primary event in the initiation of liposarcomas. Reporter assays showed FUS-DDIT3 is involved in the upregulation of eIF4E in liposarcomas and that both domains of the fusion protein are required for affecting eIF4E expression. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Taken together, this study provides evidence of the molecular mechanisms involve in the disruption of normal adipocyte differentiation program in liposarcoma harbouring the chimeric gene FUS-DDIT3.Research in ISG group is supported partially by FEDER and by MEC (SAF2006-03726), Junta de Castilla y León (CSI03A05), FIS (PI050087, PI050116), Fundación de Investigación MMA, Federación de Cajas de Ahorro Castilla y León (I Convocatoria de Ayudas para Proyectos de Investigación Biosanitaria con Células Madre), CDTEAM project (CENIT-Ingenio 2010) and MEC Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (Ref. CSD2007-0017).Research in ISG group is supported partially by FEDER and by MEC (SAF2006-03726 and PETRI N° 95-0913.OP), Junta de Castilla y León (CSI03A05), FIS (PI050087, PI050116), Fundación de Investigación MMA, Federación de Cajas de Ahorro Castilla y León (I Convocatoria de Ayudas para Proyectos de Investigación Biosanitaria con Células Madre), CDTEAM project (CENIT-Ingenio 2010) and MEC Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (Ref. CSD2007-0017). MSM is supported by the Ramon y Cajal Scientific Spanish Program, Fondo Investigacion Sanitaria (FIS PI04-1271), Junta de Castilla y León (SA085A06) and Fundación Manuel Solorzano, University of Salamanca.Peer reviewe

Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1-Alpha (HIF-1 Alpha) Is Induced during Reperfusion after Renal Ischemia and Is Critical for Proximal Tubule Cell Survival

Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) during renal transplantation delays allograft function. Identification of factors that mediate protection and/or epithelium recovery could help to improve graft outcome. We studied the expression, regulation and role of hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1 α), using in vitro and in vivo experimental models of I/R as well as human post-transplant renal biopsies. We found that HIF-1 α is stabilized in proximal tubule cells during ischemia and unexpectedly in late reperfusion, when oxygen tension is normal. Both inductions lead to gene expression in vitro and in vivo. In vitro interference of HIF-1 α promoted cell death and in vivo interference exacerbated tissue damage and renal dysfunction. In pos-transplant human biopsies, HIF-1 α was expressed only in proximal tubules which exhibited normal renal structure with a significant negative correlation with ATN grade. In summary, using experimental models and human biopsies, we identified a novel HIF-1 α induction during reperfusion with a potential critical role in renal transplant

Key Factors Associated With Pulmonary Sequelae in the Follow-Up of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients

Introduction: Critical COVID-19 survivors have a high risk of respiratory sequelae. Therefore, we aimed to identify key factors associated with altered lung function and CT scan abnormalities at a follow-up visit in a cohort of critical COVID-19 survivors. Methods: Multicenter ambispective observational study in 52 Spanish intensive care units. Up to 1327 PCR-confirmed critical COVID-19 patients had sociodemographic, anthropometric, comorbidity and lifestyle characteristics collected at hospital admission; clinical and biological parameters throughout hospital stay; and, lung function and CT scan at a follow-up visit. Results: The median [p25–p75] time from discharge to follow-up was 3.57 [2.77–4.92] months. Median age was 60 [53–67] years, 27.8% women. The mean (SD) percentage of predicted diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) at follow-up was 72.02 (18.33)% predicted, with 66% of patients having DLCO < 80% and 24% having DLCO < 60%. CT scan showed persistent pulmonary infiltrates, fibrotic lesions, and emphysema in 33%, 25% and 6% of patients, respectively. Key variables associated with DLCO < 60% were chronic lung disease (CLD) (OR: 1.86 (1.18–2.92)), duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (OR: 1.56 (1.37–1.77)), age (OR [per-1-SD] (95%CI): 1.39 (1.18–1.63)), urea (OR: 1.16 (0.97–1.39)) and estimated glomerular filtration rate at ICU admission (OR: 0.88 (0.73–1.06)). Bacterial pneumonia (1.62 (1.11–2.35)) and duration of ventilation (NIMV (1.23 (1.06–1.42), IMV (1.21 (1.01–1.45)) and prone positioning (1.17 (0.98–1.39)) were associated with fibrotic lesions. Conclusion: Age and CLD, reflecting patients’ baseline vulnerability, and markers of COVID-19 severity, such as duration of IMV and renal failure, were key factors associated with impaired DLCO and CT abnormalities

Twist exome capture allows for lower average sequence coverage in clinical exome sequencing

Background Exome and genome sequencing are the predominant techniques in the diagnosis and research of genetic disorders. Sufficient, uniform and reproducible/consistent sequence coverage is a main determinant for the sensitivity to detect single-nucleotide (SNVs) and copy number variants (CNVs). Here we compared the ability to obtain comprehensive exome coverage for recent exome capture kits and genome sequencing techniques. Results We compared three different widely used enrichment kits (Agilent SureSelect Human All Exon V5, Agilent SureSelect Human All Exon V7 and Twist Bioscience) as well as short-read and long-read WGS. We show that the Twist exome capture significantly improves complete coverage and coverage uniformity across coding regions compared to other exome capture kits. Twist performance is comparable to that of both short- and long-read whole genome sequencing. Additionally, we show that even at a reduced average coverage of 70× there is only minimal loss in sensitivity for SNV and CNV detection. Conclusion We conclude that exome sequencing with Twist represents a significant improvement and could be performed at lower sequence coverage compared to other exome capture techniques

Body Image Screening Questionnaire for eating disorder early detection: a Romanian replication

Eating disorders adversely affect physical health, eating habits, social and family relationships, mood, work and school performance. We tested for cross-cultural validity of the Body Image Screening Questionnaire (BISQ), a screening measure validated in Spain, which assesses potential eating disorders related to anorexia, perception of obesity, orthorexia and vigorexia, in a Romanian sample from both clinical and general populations. The measure showed adequate internal consistency and allowed distinguishing clinical vs. general subsamples. Significant differences based on clinical characteristics were obtained. The measure can be utilized as screening tool of individuals who need further assessment and prioritize primary intervention strategies with at risk population