AES side channel attack protection using random isomorphisms

General method of side-channel attacks protection, based on random cipher isomorphisms is presented. Isomorphic ciphers produce common outputs for common inputs. Cipher isomorphisms can be changed independently on transmitting and receiving sides. Two methods of RIJNDAEL protection are considered. The first one is based on random commutative isomorphisms of underlying structure. The set of field F256 isomorphisms consists of 30 subsets; each of them has 8 commutative elements presented as Galois group elements. This allows increasing the strength with respect to side channel attacks about 32 times, the encryption ratio decreases slightly. This method has relatively small efficiency. The second method is based on cipher byte affine isomorphisms s(x)= Lx+a, and allows in practice eliminate side-channel attacks. The rate of this method is approximately the same as in previous case. The most convenient affine isomorphisms are involutions. Method of such affine isomorphisms generation is presented

Потребление кальция кормящими женщинами и детьми из групп риска по снижению минеральной плотности кости в различные возрастные периоды в условиях г. Томска

We have studied the calcium consumption by nursing mothers and children from risk groups on decreased mineral bone density in different age periods under conditions of Tomsk. The calcium content in breast milk in the first six month of lactation was determined by the method of instrumental neutron-activation analysis. It has been found that the calcium consumption by the most nursing mothers corresponded to physiological norms. In the lactation dynamics, the calcium content in the breast milk decreased at the third month and increased at the sixth month of lactation. The average calcium consumption was (834,3 ± 132,3) mg in children aged of 1—3 and (959,0 ± 99,5) mg/day in children of 4—6 years old. Among schoolchildren, the average calcium consumption was (860,3 ± 98,2) mg/day in the age of 7—10 and (777,9 ± 59,3) mg/day in eth age of 11—18. It is 1,2—1,6 times lower than the recommended norm. In teenagers, the calcium deficit in food is more often compared to preschool children.Изучено потребление кальция кормящими женщинами и детьми из групп риска по снижению минеральной плотности кости в различные возрастные периоды в условиях г. Томска. Определено содержание кальция в грудном молоке в первые 6 мес лактации методом инструментального нейтронно-активационного анализа. Установлено, что потребление кальция большинством кормящих женщин соответствовало физиологическим нормам. В динамике лактации содержание кальция в грудном молоке снижалось к 3-му и повышалось к 6-му мес лактации. Средняя величина потребления кальция составила (834,3 ± 132,3) мг у детей в возрасте 1—3 лет и (959,0 ± 99,5) мг/сут у детей 4—6 лет. Среди школьников средняя величина потребления кальция составила (860,3 ± 98,2) мг/сут в возрасте 7—10 лет и (777,9 ± 59,3) мг/сут в возрасте 11—18 лет, что в 1,2—1,6 раза меньше рекомендуемой нормы. У подростков дефицит кальция в питании более распространен по сравнению с детьми дошкольного возраста

Movers or Stayers? Understanding the Drivers of IDP Camp Decongestion During Post-Conflict Recovery in Uganda

The paper explores factors that influence the household decision to leave internal displacement camps in the immediate aftermath of violent conflict. Our analysis is based on two sources of information: household survey data collected in northern Uganda for households that were displaced by the civil conflict, and geo-referenced data on armed conflict events, with which we construct our developed index of recent conflict exposure. We compare households that moved out of camps with those that remained in the camps after the region was declared safe from rebel incursions. The study covers the first few months of the end of conflict, when return was regarded as largely voluntary. We find that a history of conflict both at the place of residence, and at the expected place of return reduces the likelihood of return. Access to camp services overall encourages households to stay in camps, although the effect varies with the proportion of young household members. Results also show that a history of economic skills poses varying effects on return decisions. While experience in cultivation is associated with a high likelihood of moving out of the camp, households with members with recent experience in trading are less inclined to return. From a policy perspective, the results point to the need for recovery initiatives to ensure access to adequate infrastructures in return locations in order to fast-track reintegration

Cryogenic Characterization of FBK RGB-HD SiPMs

We report on the cryogenic characterization of Red Green Blue - High Density (RGB-HD) SiPMs developed at Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) as part of the DarkSide program of dark matter searches with liquid argon time projection chambers. A dedicated setup was used to measure the primary dark noise, the correlated noise, and the gain of the SiPMs at varying temperatures. A custom-made data acquisition system and analysis software were used to precisely characterize these parameters. We demonstrate that FBK RGB-HD SiPMs with low quenching resistance (RGB-HD-LR$_q$) can be operated from 40 K to 300 K with gains in the range $10^5$ to $10^6$ and noise rates on the order of a few Hz/mm$^2$