БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ СМЕШАННОГО ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ПИТАНИЯ У ПОСТРАДАВШИХ С ТЯЖЕЛОЙ СОЧЕТАННОЙ ЧЕРЕПНО- МОЗГОВОЙ ТРАВМОЙ

ABSTRACT. Early initiation of artificial nutrition is one of the important components of intensive care for those affected with SMCT. The priority is given to enteral nutrition (EN). Parenteral nutrition (PN) is indicated in order to cover estimated needs in various substrates when EN cannot be performed or is inadequate. However, it must be taken into account that in addition to positive effects, PN may be followed by a number of complications: hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, impaired pulmonary function, increased thrombogenesis..PURPOSE OF THE STUDY. To assess the safety of PN, used as a component of mixed artificial nutrition in victims with SMCT.MATERIAL AND METHODS. Twenty patients with SMCT, conscious state up to GCS 6-13 and severity of the condition ISS 30-55 upon admission were examined. The age of victims was 40.2±13.1 years, the ratio of men/women was 17/3. All the victims had the diagnosis of brain contusion. In 9 patients, acute subdural hematomas were revealed. They underwent decompressive craniotomy and hematoma removal. The energy consumption was calculated using the Harris-Benedict equation with correction coefficients and indirect calorimetry (IC) method. IC was performed 24 hours a day also calculating respiratory coefficient. Nitrogen balance was studied to assess the severity of hypercatabolism. Enteral nutrition was initiated in all victims starting from day 2 after the injury. In connection with the impossibility of complete compensation of protein-energy requirements by EN, on day 8.8±1.3, PN was added. A three-component mixture of Nutriflex Lipid 70/180 (B. Braun, Germany), 625 ml was used. The concentration of triglycerides (TG) and glucose in venous blood plasma was assessed daily, as well as the ratio of oxygen tension in the arterial blood to the oxygen fraction in the inhaled mixture (PaO2 /FiO2 ).RESULTS. All patients had hypercatabolism prior to initiation of mixed artificial nutrition, and its severity lowered when mixed artificial nutrition was initiated (on day 3 of artificial nutrition in 11 patients, on day 5 in 3 patients and by day 7 in 6 patients). The introduction of PN “three in one” mixture was accompanied by a slight increase in the concentration of TG 2 hours after the start of the infusion and did not affect the dynamics of pulmonary gas exchange. The introduction of PN was accompanied by the development of hyperglycemia. The increase of glucose in venous blood serum was noted 2 and 12 hours after the onset of PN.CONCLUSION. Mixed artificial nutrition in patients with severe multisystem craniocerebral trauma does not lead to the development of hypertriglyceridemia and violation of pulmonary gas exchange and allows to achieve nutritional therapy goals.РЕЗЮМЕ. Одним из важных компонентов интенсивной терапии пострадавших с сочетанной черепно-мозговой травмой (СЧМТ) является раннее начало искусственного питания (ИП). Приоритетным является энтеральное питание (ЭП). Парентеральное питание (ПП) показано при невозможности или недостаточности ЭП для покрытия расчетных потребностей в различных субстратах. Однако необходимо учитывать, что помимо положительных эффектов, проведение ПП может сопровождаться рядом осложнений: гипергликемией, гипертриглицеридемией, нарушением легочной функции, усилением тромбообразования.ЦЕЛЬ. Оценить безопасность ПП, применяемого в составе смешанного ИП, у пострадавших с СЧМТ.МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ. Обследованы 20 пострадавших с СЧМТ с угнетением уровня бодрствования до 6–13 баллов по шкале комы Глазго и тяжестью состояния по шкале тяжести сочетанной травмы ISS 30–55 баллов при поступлении в стационар. Возраст пострадавших составил 40,2±13,1 года, отношение мужчины/женщины — 17/3. У всех пострадавших был установлен диагноз ушиба головного мозга. У 9 больных выявлены острые субдуральные гематомы, в связи с чем им были выполнены декомпрессивная краниотомия и удаление гематом. Расчет энергопотребности проводили при помощи уравнения Харриса–Бенедикта с поправочными коэффициентами и методом непрямой калориметрии (НК). НК осуществляли круглосуточно с определением дыхательного коэффициента. Для оценки выраженности гиперкатаболизма исследовали азотистый баланс. Всем пострадавшим со 2-х сут после получения травмы начинали ЭП. В связи с невозможностью полной компенсации белково-энергетических потребностей при помощи ЭП на 8,8±1,3 сут было добавлено ПП. Для ПП использовали инфузию трехкомпонентной смеси Нутрифлекс Липид 70/180 (В.Braun, Германия), объемом 625 мл (1 раз в сут). Ежедневно определяли концентрацию триглицеридов (ТГ) и глюкозы в плазме венозной крови, а также отношение напряжения кислорода в артериальной крови к фракции кислорода во вдыхаемой смеси (PaO2 /FiO2).РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. У всех пациентов до начала проведения смешанного ИП отмечали наличие гиперкатаболизма, выраженность которого на фоне проведения смешанного ИП снижалась: у 11 пострадавших с 3-х сут от его начала, у 3 пострадавших — с 5-х сут, а у 6 — к 7-м сут после его начала. Введение ПП «три в одном» сопровождалось незначительным увеличением концентрации ТГ через 2 ч после начала инфузии и не оказывало влияния на динамику состояния легочного газообмена. Введение ПП сопровождалось развитием гипергликемии. Повышение уровня глюкозы в сыворотке венозной крови отмечали через 2 ч и через 12 ч после начала ПП.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Проведение смешанного ИП пострадавшим с тяжелой СЧМТ не приводит к развитию гипертриглицеридемии и нарушению легочного газообмена и позволяет достичь целей нутритивной терапии

Social media and sensemaking patterns in new product development: demystifying the customer sentiment

Artificial intelligence by principle is developed to assist but also support decision making processes. In our study, we explore how information retrieved from social media can assist decision-making processes for new product development (NPD). We focus on consumers’ emotions that are expressed through social media and analyse the variations of their sentiments in all the stages of NPD. We collect data from Twitter that reveal consumers’ appreciation of aspects of the design of a newly launched model of an innovative automotive company. We adopt the sensemaking approach coupled with the use of fuzzy logic for text mining. This combinatory methodological approach enables us to retrieve consensus from the data and to explore the variations of sentiments of the customers about the product and define the polarity of these emotions for each of the NPD stages. The analysis identifies sensemaking patterns in Twitter data and explains the NPD process and the associated steps where the social interactions from customers can have an iterative role. We conclude the paper by outlining an agenda for future research in the NPD process and the role of the customer opinion through sensemaking mechanisms

Association between the NBS1 E185Q polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>NBS1 is a key DNA repair protein in the homologous recombination repair pathway and a signal modifier in the intra-S phase checkpoint that plays important roles in maintaining genomic stability. The <it>NBS1 </it>8360G>C (<it>Glu185Gln</it>) is one of the most commonly studied polymorphisms of the gene for their association with risk of cancers, but the results are conflicting.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We performed a meta-analysis using 16 eligible case-control studies (including 17 data sets) with a total of 9,734 patients and 10,325 controls to summarize the data on the association between the <it>NBS1 </it>8360G>C (E185Q) polymorphism and cancer risk.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Compared with the common 8360GG genotype, the carriers of variant genotypes (i.e., 8360 GC/CC) had a 1.06-fold elevated risk of cancer (95% CI = 1.00–1.12, <it>P </it>= 0.05) in a dominant genetic model as estimated in a fixed effect model. However, the association was not found in an additive genetic model (CC <it>vs </it>GG) (odds ratio, OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.85–1.13, <it>P </it>= 0.78) nor in a recessive genetic model (CC <it>vs </it>GC +GG) (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.82–1.07, <it>P </it>= 0.36). The effect of the 8360G>C (E185Q) polymorphism was further evaluated in stratification analysis. It was demonstrated that the increased risk of cancer associated with 8360G>C variant genotypes was more pronounced in the Caucasians (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01–1.14, <it>P </it>= 0.03).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our meta-analysis suggests that the <it>NBS1 </it>E185Q variant genotypes (8360 <it>GC/CC</it>) might be associated with an increased risk of cancer, especially in Caucasians.</p

Determinants of Unlawful File Sharing: A Scoping Review

We employ a scoping review methodology to consider and assess the existing evidence on the determinants of unlawful file sharing (UFS) transparently and systematically. Based on the evidence, we build a simple conceptual framework to model the psychological decision to engage in UFS, purchase legally or do nothing. We identify social, moral, experiential, technical, legal and financial utility sources of the decision to purchase or to file share. They interact in complex ways. We consider the strength of evidence within these areas and note patterns of results. There is good evidence for influences on UFS within each of the identified determinants, particularly for self-reported measures, with more behavioral research needed. There are also indications that the reasons for UFS differ across media; more studies exploring media other than music are required

A sequence variant at 4p16.3 confers susceptibility to urinary bladder cancer

To access publisher full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links fieldPreviously, we reported germline DNA variants associated with risk of urinary bladder cancer (UBC) in Dutch and Icelandic subjects. Here we expanded the Icelandic sample set and tested the top 20 markers from the combined analysis in several European case-control sample sets, with a total of 4,739 cases and 45,549 controls. The T allele of rs798766 on 4p16.3 was found to associate with UBC (odds ratio = 1.24, P = 9.9 x 10(-12)). rs798766 is located in an intron of TACC3, 70 kb from FGFR3, which often harbors activating somatic mutations in low-grade, noninvasive UBC. Notably, rs798766[T] shows stronger association with low-grade and low-stage UBC than with more aggressive forms of the disease and is associated with higher risk of recurrence in low-grade stage Ta tumors. The frequency of rs798766[T] is higher in Ta tumors that carry an activating mutation in FGFR3 than in Ta tumors with wild-type FGFR3. Our results show a link between germline variants, somatic mutations of FGFR3 and risk of UBC.info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/21807

Linking Employee Stakeholders to Environmental Performance: The Role of Proactive Environmental Strategies and Shared Vision

Drawing on the natural-resource-based view (NRBV), we propose that employee stakeholder integration is linked to environmental performance through firms’ proactive environmental strategies, and that this link is contingent on shared vision. We tested our model with a cross-country and multi-industry sample. In support of our theory, results revealed that firms’ proactive environmental strategies translated employee stakeholder integration into environmental performance. This relationship was pronounced for high levels of shared vision. Our findings demonstrate that shared vision represents a key condition for advancing the corporate greening agenda through proactive environmental strategies. We discuss implications for the CSR and the environmental management literatures, with a particular focus on the NRBV and stakeholder integration debates

Track A Basic Science

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138319/1/jia218438.pd

ЭНТЕРАЛЬНОЕ ПИТАНИЕ В СОСТАВЕ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ПАЦИЕНТА ПОСЛЕ ТРАНСПЛАНТАЦИИ ТОНКОЙ КИШКИ

Objective: to describe the first experience with an enteral feeding regimen used as part of combination therapy in a patient after small intestine transplantation (SIT).Materials and methods. The results of treatment in a 48year-old male after heterotopic SIT for short bowel syndrome were given. The extent of the graft was 250 cm. The combination treatment aimed  to  restore  graft  functions  and  included  immunosuppressive,  infusion,  transfusion,  antibacterial,  antiviral,  and detoxification therapies and parenteral and enteral feeding (EF). Our elaborated EF regimen was divided into 3 steps: 1) early enteral therapy (on day 1) using a monomeric saline enteral solution and a specialized formula containing pharmaconutrients (glutamine, antioxidants, and tributyrine); 2) incorporation of a semielemental formula (on day 5); 3) use of polymeric  formulas  and  clinical  nutrition.  Laboratory,  ultrasound,  radiological,  and  endoscopic  monitoring  and  biopsy were performed.Results. The combination treatment using stepwise EF could satisfy a patient's protein-energy needs. Restoration of histological structures in the graft mucosa was observed during morphological examination on day 7. At enteroscopy, the intestinal mucosa was pink with prominent villi, motility, and bile-colored chyme. On day 7, there was a 150-ml self-colored stool. Data confirmed that the intestinal graft restored absorption and parietal digestion. On day 30, the patient was switched to polymeric formulas and curative diet. By the discharge from hospital, on day 86, his body mass index was 23.1 kg/m2.Conclusion. The positive treatment results in the patient became possible after SIT due to improvement of surgical techniques, current immunosuppression, and a comprehensive approach to treating him in the postoperative period. Our elaborated stepwise EF regiment is an important component of combination therapy after SIT and facilitates  the  restoration  of  the  major  functions  of  the  transplanted  intestine  and  its  preparation  for  the  assimilation  of polysubstrate formulas and natural foods. Цель исследования. Описать первый опыт применения схемы энтерального питания в составе комплексной терапии у пациента  после  трансплантации  тонкой  кишки  (ТТК). Материалы  и  методы.  Представлены  результаты  лечения мужчины 48 лет, после гетеротопической ТТК кишки по поводу синдрома короткой кишки. Протяженность трансплантата — 250 см. Комплексное лечение было направлено на восстановление функций трансплантата и включало иммуносупрессивную, инфузионную, трансфузионную, антибактериальную, противовирусную, детоксикационную терапию, парентеральное и энтеральное питание (ЭП). Разработанная нами схема ЭП разделена на 3 этапа: 1 — ранняя энтеральная терапия (с 1 -х суток) с применением мономерно -солевого энтерального раствора и специализированной смеси,  содержащей  фармаконутриенты  (глутамин,  антиоксиданты  и  трибутирин);  2 —  включение  полуэлементной смеси (с 5 -х суток); 3 — применение полимерных смесей и диетическое питание. Проводили лабораторный, ультра-звуковой, рентгенологический и эндоскопический контроль с биопсией.Результаты. На фоне комплексного лечения с применением поэтапного ЭП удалось компенсировать белково -энергетические потребности пациента. С 7 -х суток при  морфологическом  исследовании  наблюдали  восстановление  гистологических  структур  слизистой  оболочки трансплантата. При энтероскопии слизистая оболочка кишки имела розовый цвет с хорошо выраженными ворсинками, наличием перистальтики и окрашенного желчью химуса. На 7 -е сутки получили самостоятельный окрашенный стул (150 мл). Все это подтверждало восстановление функции всасывания и пристеночного пищеварения кишечного трансплантата. С 30 суток больного перевели на полимерные смеси и диетическое лечебное питание. К моменту выписки на 86 сутки индекс массы тела составлял 23,1 кг/м2.Заключение. Положительные результаты лечения пациента после ТТК стали возможны благодаря совершенствованию хирургической техники, современной иммуносупрессии  и  комплексному  лечению  пациента  в  послеоперационном  периоде.  Разработанная  нами  схема  поэтапного  ЭП является важным компонентом комплексной терапии после ТТК и способствует восстановлению основных функций трансплантированной кишки и ее подготовке к усвоению полисубстратных смесей и естественных продуктов питания.

Thermo-Mixed Hydrodynamics of Piston Compression Ring Conjunction

The final publication is available at http://link.springer.com.A new method, comprising Navier-Stokes equations, Rayleigh-Plesset volume fraction equation, an analytical control-volume thermal mixed approach and asperity interactions is reported. The method is employed for prediction of lubricant flow and assessment of friction in the compression ring-cylinder liner conjunction. The results are compared with Reynolds-based laminar flow with Elrod cavitation algorithm. Good conformance is observed for medium load intensity part of the engine cycle. At lighter loads and higher sliding velocity, the new method shows more complex fluid flow, possessing layered flow characteristics on account of pressure and temperature gradient into the depth of the lubricant film, which leads to a cavitation region with vapour content at varied volume fractions. Predictions also conform well to experimental measurements reported by other authors