DPA on quasi delay insensitive asynchronous circuits: formalization and improvement

The purpose of this paper is to formally specify a flow devoted to the design of Differential Power Analysis (DPA) resistant QDI asynchronous circuits. The paper first proposes a formal modeling of the electrical signature of QDI asynchronous circuits. The DPA is then applied to the formal model in order to identify the source of leakage of this type of circuits. Finally, a complete design flow is specified to minimize the information leakage. The relevancy and efficiency of the approach is demonstrated using the design of an AES crypto-processor.Comment: Submitted on behalf of EDAA (http://www.edaa.com/

CORDIC-based digital signal processing hardware algorithms

A survey of the new algorithm-architecture interaction arising from the use of vector rotations as primitive computational units is presented . After a thorough review of various features of the CORDIC algorithm, the full range of architectures allowing its implementation is examined. The CORDIC operator's versatility is illustrated through an overview of the numerous digital signal processing and linear algebra algorithms where it can be applied, with special emphasis on normalized variants of classical algorithins .Cet article présente une étude de synthèse sur une nouvelle interaction entre algorithmes et architectures résultant de l'utilisation de rotations vectorielles comme primitives de calcul . Après une présentation détaillée des différents aspects de l'algorithme CORDIC, la gamme des architectures possibles pour son implémentation est passée en revue. La puissance et la généralité de l'opérateur CORDIC sont illustrées par des exemples de nombreux algorithmes de traitement du signal et d'algèbre linéaire, en particulier toutes les versions normalisées d'algorithmes classiques, où il peut s'introduire

Functionnally asynchronous VLSI cellular array for morphological filtering of images

The design of a fine grain asynchronous VLSI cellular array is presented . It is shown how asynchronism can be exploited at both functional and structural levels . A joint algorithmic-architectural study has led to the fabrication of an integrated circuit including 16x16 processing elements .The data and control paths are designed using a standard-cell approach, combining CMOS and DCVSL (Differential Cascode Voltage Switch Logic) gates . The 800,000 transistor circuit enables real time morphological filtering of images.A travers la présentation de la conception d'un réseau cellulaire VLSI asynchrone à grain fin, il est montré comment la notion d'asynchronisme peut être exploitée à la fois au niveau fonctionnel et au niveau architectural. Une étude conjointe algorithme-architecture a abouti à la conception d'un circuit intégrant 16x16 processeurs élémentaires, Le flot de conception des chemins de données et de contrôle est basé sur une approche « cellules standard » qui combine des portes CMOS et DCVSL (Differential Cascode Voltage Switch Logic). Ce circuit d'environ 800.000 transistors permet de mettre en oeuvre en temps réel des algorithmes itératifs de filtrage morphologique par reconstruction

Food-induced fatal anaphylaxis: from epidemiological data to general prevention strategies

BACKGROUND: Anaphylaxis hospitalisations are increasing in many countries, in particular for medication and food triggers in young children. Food-related anaphylaxis remains an uncommon cause of death, but a significant proportion of these are preventable. AIM: To review published epidemiological data relating to food-induced anaphylaxis and potential risk factors of fatal and/or near-fatal anaphylaxis cases, in order to provide strategies to reduce the risk of severe adverse outcomes in food anaphylaxis. METHODS: We identified 32 published studies available in MEDLINE (1966-2017), EMBASE (1980-2017), CINAHL (1982-2017), using known terms and synonyms suggested by librarians and allergy specialists. RESULTS: Young adults with a history of asthma, previously known food allergy particularly to peanut/tree nuts are at higher risk of fatal anaphylaxis reactions. In some countries, cow's milk and seafood/fish are also becoming common triggers of fatal reactions. Delayed adrenaline injection is associated with fatal outcomes, but timely adrenaline alone may be insufficient. There is still a lack of evidence regarding the real impact of these risk factors and co-factors (medications and/or alcohol consumption, physical activities, and mast cell disorders). CONCLUSIONS: General strategies should include optimization of the classification and coding for anaphylaxis (new ICD 11 anaphylaxis codes), dissemination of international recommendations on the treatment of anaphylaxis, improvement of the prevention in food and catering areas and, dissemination of specific policies for allergic children in schools. Implementation of these strategies will involve national and international support for ongoing local efforts in relationship with networks of centres of excellence to provide personalized management (which might include immunotherapy) for the most at-risk patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Failure of erythromycin to eliminate airway colonization with ureaplasma urealyticum in very low birth weight infants

BACKGROUND: Airway colonization of mechanically ventilated very low birth weight infants (birth weight < 1500 grams) by Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) is associated with an increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). While Uu is sensitive to erythromycin in vitro, the efficacy of intravenous (IV) erythromycin to eliminate Uu from the airways has not been studied. METHODS: 17 very low birth weight infants with Uu positive tracheal aspirate (TA) cultures were randomized to either 5 (8 infants) or 10 days (9 infants) of IV erythromycin lactobionate (40 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses). Tracheal aspirate cultures for Uu were performed on days 0, 5, 10 and 15. RESULTS: Intravenous erythromycin failed to eliminate airway colonization in a large proportion of infants regardless of whether they received 5 or 10 days of treatment. Ureaplasma urealyticum was isolated from 4/15 (27%) of TAs obtained at 5 days, 5/12 TAs (42%) obtained at 10 days and 6/11(55%) TAs obtained at 15 days (combined group data). CONCLUSIONS: Erythromycin administered IV does not eliminate Uu from the airways in a large proportion of infants. Failure of erythromycin to eliminate Uu from the airways may contribute to the lack of efficacy of this drug in reducing the incidence of BPD in very low birth weight infants

Fatty acid profile in peri-prostatic adipose tissue and prostate cancer aggressiveness in African-Caribbean and Caucasian patients

BACKGROUND: Genetic and nutritional factors have been linked to the risk of aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). The fatty acid (FA) composition of peri-prostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), which reflects the past FA intake, is potentially involved in PCa progression. We analysed the FA composition of PPAT, in correlation with the ethno-geographical origin of the patients and markers of tumour aggressiveness. METHODS: From a cohort of 1000 men treated for PCa by radical prostatectomy, FA composition of PPAT was analysed in 156 patients (106 Caucasians and 50 African-Caribbeans), 78 with an indolent tumour (ISUP group 1 + pT2 + PSA &lt;10 ng/mL) and 78 with an aggressive tumour (ISUP group 4-5 + pT3). The effect of FA extracted from PPAT on in-vitro migration of PCa cells DU145 was studied in 72 patients, 36 Caucasians, and 36 African-Caribbeans. RESULTS: FA composition differed according to the ethno-geographical origin. Linoleic acid, an essential n-6 FA, was 2-fold higher in African-Caribbeans compared with Caucasian patients, regardless of disease aggressiveness. In African-Caribbeans, the FA profile associated with PCa aggressiveness was characterised by low level of linoleic acid along with high levels of saturates. In Caucasians, a weak and negative association was observed between eicosapentaenoic acid level (an n-3 FA) and disease aggressiveness. In-vitro migration of PCa cells using PPAT from African-Caribbean patients was associated with lower content of linoleic acid. CONCLUSION: These results highlight an important ethno-geographical variation of PPAT, in both their FA content and association with tumour aggressiveness

Search for R-parity Violating Supersymmetry in Dimuon and Four-Jets Channel

We present results of a search for R-parity-violating decay of the neutralino chi_1^0, taken to be the Lightest Supersymmetric Particle. It is assumed that this decay proceeds through one of the lepton-number violating couplings lambda-prime_2jk (j=1,2; k=1,2,3). This search is based on 77.5 pb-1 of data, collected by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron in ppbar collisions at a center of mass energy of 1.8 TeV in 1992-1995.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure

Observation of ZZ production in ppbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV

We present an observation for ZZ -> l+l-l'+l'- (l, l' = e or mu) production in ppbar collisions at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV. Using 1.7 fb-1 of data collected by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider, we observe three candidate events with an expected background of 0.14 +0.03 -0.02 events. The significance of this observation is 5.3 standard deviations. The combination of D0 results in this channel, as well as in ZZ -> l+l-nunubar, yields a significance of 5.7 standard deviations and a combined cross section of sigma(ZZ) = 1.60 +/- 0.63 (stat.) +0.16 -0.17 (syst.) pb.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables Modified slightly following review proces

Search for charged Higgs bosons decaying to top and bottom quarks in ppbar collisions

We describe a search for production of a charged Higgs boson, q \bar{q'} -> H^+, reconstructed in the t\bar{b} final state in the mass range 180 <= M_{H^+} <= 300 GeV. The search was undertaken at the Fermilab Tevatron collider with a center-of-mass energy sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV and uses 0.9 fb^{-1} of data collected with the D0 detector. We find no evidence for charged Higgs boson production and set upper limits on the production cross section in the Types I, II and III two-Higgs-doublet models (2HDMs). An excluded region in the (M_{H^+},tan\beta) plane for Type I 2HDM is presented.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Letter

Measurements of differential cross sections of Z/gamma*+jets+X events in proton anti-proton collisions at sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV

We present cross section measurements for Z/gamma*+jets+X production, differential in the transverse momenta of the three leading jets. The data sample was collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron proton anti-proton collider at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1 fb-1. Leading and next-to-leading order perturbative QCD predictions are compared with the measurements, and agreement is found within the theoretical and experimental uncertainties. We also make comparisons with the predictions of four event generators. Two parton-shower-based generators show significant shape and normalization differences with respect to the data. In contrast, two generators combining tree-level matrix elements with a parton shower give a reasonable description of the the shapes observed in data, but the predicted normalizations show significant differences with respect to the data, reflecting large scale uncertainties. For specific choices of scales, the normalizations for either generator can be made to agree with the measurements.Comment: Published in PLB. 11 pages, 3 figure