Entomological fauna associated with Aguaribay : Mendoza (Argentina)

En los relevamientos de especias dañinas y benéficas presentes en el aguaribay (Schinus molle L. var. Areira), para inventariar su entomofauna se efectuaron observaciones en distintas zonas de Mendoza (Argentina) en 1988/91 y 1994/96, confirmando y actualizando la bibliografía. Se recolectó material a campo para su identificación sistemática. Se evaluaron daños y se los documentó fotográficamente. En el laboratorio se conservaron muestras con parasitoides hasta la aparición de adultos para su clasificación, registrándose 8 especies de Homoptera, 7 de Hymenoptera, 7 de Coleoptera, 5 de Lepidoptera, 4 de Diptera, 4 de Thysanoptera, 2 de Hemiptera y 2 de Neuroptera. Las principales especies que afectan al Aguaribay son Calophya sp. (Homoptera - Psyllidae), Ceroplastes grandis (Homoptera - Coccidae) y Aphis schinifoliae (Homoptera - Aphididae). También cuenta con una importante fauna benéfica: coccinélidos, parasitoides, sírfidos y crisópidos.Pest and beneficial species present in Schinus molle L. var. Areira were monitoring in order to obtain an inventory of its entomological fauna. It was made observations in different zones of Mendoza from 1988 to 1991, and then, between 1994 and 1996, it was confirmed further observations and it was brought up to day bibliographical revisions. It was collected material in field in order to made its systematic identification. Damages were evaluated and documented photographically. Samples with parasitoids were stored in laboratory until the appearance of adults for their classification. It was registered: 8 species of Homoptera, 7 of Hymenoptera, 7 of Coleop-tera, 5 of Lepidoptera, 4 of Diptera, 4 of Thysanoptera, 2 of Hemiptera and 2 of Neuroptera. The main pest are: Calophya sp. (Homoptera - Psyllidae), Ceroplastes grandis (Homoptera - Coccidae) and Aphis schinifoliae (Homoptera - Aphididade). Also, there is an important beneficial fauna: Coccinellidae, parasitoids, Syrphidae and Chrysopidae.Fil: Sáez, César C.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias BiológicasFil: Mácola, Guido S.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias BiológicasFil: Holgado, Miriam G.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias BiológicasFil: García Sáez, José G.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Biológica

Thrips : population dynamics of Thrips tabaci Lind. in garlic (Mendoza, Argentina)

En el presente trabajo se da a conocer la dinámica poblacional de Thrips tabaci (trips del ajo y la cebolla) en cultivos de ajos colorados del departamento de Luján de Cuyo, provincia de Mendoza, verificándose que el máximo pico poblacional expresado en números de individuos por plantas se alcanza en noviembre, con un ascenso rápido que comienza en octubre y un decrecimiento de igual característica en diciembre, en coincidencia con la finalización del ciclo fenológico del cultivo.The actual work give to know the population dynamic of the Trhips tabaci (onions and garlic thrips) in cultivation of “red onions“ in the departament Luján de Cuyo, of the province of Mendoza, preve that the maximum populatin peak expresed in number of individuals per plants is reached in november, with a fast ascension in october and degression of equal characteristcs in december, in coincidence with the end of phenologyc cicle of the cultivation.Fil: García Sáez, José G.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias BiológicasFil: Mácola, Guido S.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Biológica

Strategies of management for the control of Thrips tabaci Lind. in red garlic

En cultivos de ajo colorado de Luján de Cuyo (Mendoza, Argentina) realizados en 1996/97/98 se compararon tres alternativas de manejo para el control del trips del ajo y la cebolla: a) control químico en tiempos calendarios sin considerar la dinámica poblacional, modalidad del productor b) control químico teniendo en cuenta la dinámica poblacional c) sin tratamientos químicos Los resultados obtenidos no muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los rendimientos del cultivo (p > 0,05) para las condiciones del ensayo y no se recomienda el empleo de tratamientos químicos.In Red Garlic cultivation of Luján de Cuyo (Mendoza, Argentina) carried out during 1996/97/98, were compared three alternatives of management for the control of the onion and garlic Thrips. a) chemical control according calendar treatment proposed by productors b) chemical control according with the dynamical of the population c) without chemical control The results do not shown statistical significant different in yields (p > 0,05) in the field conditions of the essay, for this, we do not recommend the use of chemical treatment.Fil: García Sáez, José G.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias BiológicasFil: Mácola, Guido S.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias BiológicasFil: Llera, Joaquín. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Biomatemática y Fisicoquímic

Design of a rib impactor equipment

The human ribs must be analyzed as long and as curved bones, due to their physiology. For the development of an experimental equipment that simulate the application of loads, over the rib in the moment of a frontal collision in an automobile with seat belt, it was applied a methodology that constituted in the identification of needs and the variables which led the design of 3D model, from this it was used the technique of fused deposition modeling for the development of the equipment pieces. The supports that hold the rib ends were design with two and three degrees of freedom that allows the simulation of rib movement with the spine and the breastbone in the breathing. For the simulation of the seat belt, it was determined to applied two loads over the front part of the rib from the sagittal and lateral plane respectively, for this it was made a displacement through a lineal actuator with a speed of 4mm/s. The outcomes shown a design of an equipment able to obtain the load parameters required to generate fractures in rib specimens. The equipment may be used for the study of specimens with nearby geometries to the rib taken as a reference

Obtaining the Weyl tensor from the Bel-Robinson tensor

The algebraic study of the Bel-Robinson tensor proposed and initiated in a previous work (Gen. Relativ. Gravit. {\bf 41}, see ref [11]) is achieved. The canonical form of the different algebraic types is obtained in terms of Bel-Robinson eigen-tensors. An algorithmic determination of the Weyl tensor from the Bel-Robinson tensor is presented.Comment: 21 page

Purinergic Receptors P2X7 and P2X4 as Markers of Disease Progression in the rd10 Mouse Model of Inherited Retinal Dystrophy

The purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2X7R) is implicated in all neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. It is also involved in the retinal degeneration associated with glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy, and its overexpression in the retina is evident in these disorders. Retinitis pigmentosa is a progressive degenerative disease that ultimately leads to blindness. Here, we investigated the expression of P2X7R during disease progression in the rd10 mouse model of RP. As the purinergic receptor P2X4 is widely co-expressed with P2X7R, we also studied its expression in the retina of rd10 mice. The expression of P2X7R and P2X4R was examined by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and western blotting. In addition, we analyzed retinal functionality by electroretinographic recordings of visual responses and optomotor tests and retinal morphology. We found that the expression of P2X7R and P2X4R increased in rd10 mice concomitant with disease progression, but with different cellular localization. Our findings suggest that P2X7R and P2X4R might play an important role in RP progression, which should be further analyzed for the pharmacological treatment of inherited retinal dystrophies.This research was funded by grants from the Spanish Ministry of the Economy and Competitiveness (RTI2018-094248-B-I00), Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation co-financed by European Regional Development Fund (MICINN-FEDER PID2019-106230RB-I00), Instituto de Salud Carlos III co-financed by European Regional Development Fund (RETICS-FEDER-RD16/0008/0016), Asociación Retina Asturias (ASOCIACIONRETINA1-20I), and Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2021/024, IDIFEDER/2017/064), and by a grant (MARSALAS21-35) to L.V

Painlev\'e-Gullstrand synchronizations in spherical symmetry

A Painlev\'e-Gullstrand synchronization is a slicing of the space-time by a family of flat spacelike 3-surfaces. For spherically symmetric space-times, we show that a Painlev\'e-Gullstrand synchronization only exists in the region where $(dr)^2 \leq 1$, $r$ being the curvature radius of the isometry group orbits ($2$-spheres). This condition says that the Misner-Sharp gravitational energy of these 2-spheres is not negative and has an intrinsic meaning in terms of the norm of the mean extrinsic curvature vector. It also provides an algebraic inequality involving the Weyl curvature scalar and the Ricci eigenvalues. We prove that the energy and momentum densities associated with the Weinberg complex of a Painlev\'e-Gullstrand slice vanish in these curvature coordinates, and we give a new interpretation of these slices by using semi-metric Newtonian connections. It is also outlined that, by solving the vacuum Einstein's equations in a coordinate system adapted to a Painlev\'e-Gullstrand synchronization, the Schwarzschild solution is directly obtained in a whole coordinate domain that includes the horizon and both its interior and exterior regions.Comment: 16 page

A catalogue of Spanish archaeomagnetic data

International audienceA total of 58 new archaeomagnetic directions has been determined from archaeological structures in Spain. Together with five previous results they allow the compilation of the first archaeomagnetic catalogue for Spain, which includes 63 directions with ages ranging between the 2nd century BC and the 20th century AD. Characteristic remanence directions have been obtained from stepwise thermal and alternating field demagnetization. The hierarchical structure has been respected in the calculation of the mean site directions. Rock magnetic experiments reveal that the main magnetic carrier is magnetite or titanomagnetite with different titanium contents. The age estimate of the studied structures is generally well justified by archaeological constraints. For six structures the proposed date is also supported by physical methods. The data are in close agreement with the French secular variation (SV) curve. This catalogue represents the first step in the construction of a SV curve for the Iberian Peninsula, which will be of much use in archaeomagnetic dating and in modelling of the Earth's magnetic field in Western Europe