Antioxidant Activity, Sugar Content and Phenolic Profiling of Blueberries Cultivars: A Comprehensive Comparison

Commercial blueberry production has been a viable industry throughout the world for 95 years; because of blueberry is a good source of antioxidant. Blueberries are especially rich in anthocyanin, a flavonoid with potent antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study was to compare the phenolic quantities, antioxidant activities, anthocyanin, sugar and phenolic compounds of blueberries produced in Turkey with those of similar blueberry varieties produced around the world. As a result of the conducted analysis, the total phenolic content (TPC) amount found in the berries was 77.26-215.12 mg GAE/100 g, the total flavonoid content (TFC) was 30.44-91.69 mg QE/100 g and the total anthocyanin content (TAC) was 43.03-295.06 mg c3-GE/100 g. Examining the antioxidant activities of the berries, DPPH between 1.10-5.65 mg/ml, FRAP between 454.93-36832.96 µmol troloks/100 g, β-Carotene between 40.66-86.48%. It was determined that the natural berries contained much more phenolic compounds and higher antioxidant activity than that of the cultivars The result of HPLC analysis, chlorogenic acid is determined to be the dominant compound in all berries. Furthermore, fructose and glucose are found in all fruits in different quantities while sucrose is found in certain varieties of berries as well. At the end of the performed study the data indicate that wild and cultivars of blueberries are rich sources of antioxidants for local as well international industries importing this fruit for food processing and enormous products

Evaluation of the rate of thrombocytosis in lower respiratory tract and upper urinary system ınfections

Alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonları ve üst üriner sistem enfeksiyonlarında trombositoz oranlarının çıkarılması ve degerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıstır. Bu çalısmada “GATAHaydarpasa Egitim Hastanesi Çocuk Klinigi'nde” 1 Ocak 2006- 1 Ocak 2009 yılları arasında yatırılarak tedavi verilen 20 alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonu (ASYE) ve 22 üst üriner sistem enfeksiyonu (ÜÜSE) tanısı alan hastanın dosyaları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Reaktif trombositoz, genel olarak kabul gören trombosit sayısının 500.000/mm üzeri olması kabul edildi. Istatistiksel veriler SPSS 13.0 ile degerlendirildi. Çalısmamızda trombositoz tanı anında üst üriner sistem enfeksiyonlarında daha fazla bulundu (ASYE %25, ÜÜSE %36). Üst üriner sistem enfeksiyonlarında en sık üreyen mikroorganizma Escherichia coli (n:12 %54) olarak tespit edildi. Çalısmamızda, alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonu ve üst üriner sistem enfeksiyonunda tanı anında görülen reaktif trombositoz ile hastalık siddeti karsılastırılmıs, arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir iliski bulunamamıstır.To evaluate the rates of thrombocytosis in lower respiratory tract (LRTI) and upper urinary system infections (UUSI). In this study, rates of thrombocytosis were evaluated in patients hospitalized and treated with the diagnosis of LRTI (n=20) or UUSI (n=22) in “GATA Haydarpasa Teaching Hospital, Department of Pediatrics” between 2006-2009, retrospectively. Reactive thrombocytosis is defined as the platelet count over 500.000/mm . Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS forWindows version 13.0. p'0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Thrombocytosis was found to be higher in the UUSI (%36) at the time of the diagnosis compared to the LRTI group (25%). The most common microorganism identified in the UUSI was Escherichia coli (n=12, 54%). There was no significant relationship between the reactive thrombocytosis observed at the time of the diagnosis and the severity of the disease in theLRTI and the UUSI

Dijagnostička točnost sastojaka mlijeka kod dijagnostike gravidnosti u krava srednje i kasne laktacije

The aims of this study were to establish a cut-off point by evaluating the usability of the somatic cell count (SCC) and milk components (fat, fat-free dry matter (FFDM), protein, lactose, freezing point, electrical conductivity and pH) to observe the pregnancy status, and to determine the practical usage of these parameters as diagnostic biomarker of pregnancy status. In the present study, primiparous Holstein cows (n=133) were included in the mid and late lactation. Milk samples were collected in sterile tubes for SCC and milk components analysis. In each lactation period, SCC, milk yield and milk component parameters were analysed by Student\u27s t test according to pregnancy status. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the predictive threshold using SCC and milk component parameters to discriminate between pregnant and non-pregnant cows. SCC levels were similar for all cows in the mid and late-lactation. In the mid lactation, FFDM, protein, lactose and electrical conductivity were higher and milk yield, fat, freezing point and pH were lower in pregnant cows (p<0.05). In the late lactation, FFDM, protein, lactose and electrical conductivity were significantly higher and milk yield, fat and pH were significantly lower in pregnant cows (p<0.05). Furthermore, fat, FFDM, protein, lactose, freezing point, electrical conductivity, and pH were the best predictors for pregnancy diagnosis in mid-lactating cows with the AUC values of 0.840, 0.768, 0.780, 0.772, 0.693, 0.792, and 0.901 respectively. Furthermore, fat, FFDM, protein, lactose, electrical conductivity, and pH could be useful diagnostic tools for pregnancy determination in late lactating cows with the AUC values of 0.869, 0.684, 0.661, 0.689, 0.756, and 0.841 respectively. In conclusion, the milk components could be used as rapid, easily accessible, and inexpensive markers for the evaluation of the diagnosis of pregnancy status in primiparous Holstein cows.Ciljevi ove studije bili su utvrditi granične vrijednosti procjenom mogućnosti upotrebe broja somatskih stanica (SCC) i pojedinih fizikalno-kemijskih parametara mlijeka (udio masti, bezmasne suhe tvari (FFDM), proteina, laktoze, točke zamrzavanja, električne vodljivosti i pH) za promatranje statusa gravidnosti kao i u svrhu korištenja navedenih parametara kao bioloških markera u dijagnozi statusa gravidnosti. U ovu su studiju bile uključene prvotelke holstein pasmine (n=133) u srednjoj i kasnoj laktaciji. Uzorci mlijeka sakupljani su u sterilne epruvete za analizu SCC i fizikalno-kemijskih parametara. U svakom razdoblju laktacije, SCC, prinos mlijeka i fizikalno-kemijski parametri analizirani su Student t-testom u odnosu na status gravidnosti. Za određivanje prediktivnog praga korištene su krivulje odnosa specifičnosti i osjetljivosti klasifikatora (ROC), korištenjem SCC i fizikalno-kemijskih parametara mlijeka za razlikovanje gravidnih i negravidnih krava. Za sve krave u srednjoj i kasnoj laktaciji razine SCC bile su slične. Sredinom laktacije, FFDM, udjeli proteina i laktoze te električna vodljivost bili su viši, a prinos mlijeka, udio masti, točka ledišta i pH bili su niži u gravidnih krava (p<0,05). U kasnoj laktaciji, FFDM, udjeli proteina i laktoze te električna vodljivost bili su značajno viši, a prinos mlijeka, udio masti i pH bili su značajno niži u gravidnih krava (p<0,05). Udjeli masti, proteina i laktoze, FFDM, točka ledišta, električna vodljivost i pH bili su najbolji prediktori za dijagnozu gravidnosti kod krava u srednjoj laktaciji s vrijednostima površina ispod ROC krivulje (AUC) 0,840, 0,768, 0,780, 0,772, 0,693, 0,792 i 0,901. Udjeli masti, proteina i laktoze, FFDM, električna vodljivost i pH mogu biti korisni dijagnostički alati za određivanje gravidnosti kod krava u kasnoj laktaciji s AUC vrijednostima 0,869, 0,684, 0,661, 0,689, 0,756 i 0,841. Zaključno, komponente mlijeka mogu se koristiti kao brzi, lako dostupni i jeftini markeri za procjenu dijagnoze statusa gravidnosti kod prvotelki holstein krava

Evaluation of patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease: Preliminary results from the Turk-UIP study

OBJECTIVE: Differential diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is important among fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILD). This study aimed to evaluate the rate of IPF in patients with fibrotic ILD and to determine the clinical-laboratory features of patients with and without IPF that would provide the differential diagnosis of IPF. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included the patients with the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern or possible UIP pattern on thorax high-resolution computed tomography, and/or UIP pattern, probable UIP or possible UIP pattern at lung biopsy according to the 2011 ATS/ERSARS/ALAT guidelines. Demographics and clinical and radiological data of the patients were recorded. All data recorded by researchers was evaluated by radiology and the clinical decision board. RESULTS: A total of 336 patients (253 men, 83 women, age 65.8 +/- 9.0 years) were evaluated. Of the patients with sufficient data for diag-nosis (n=300), the diagnosis was IPF in 121 (40.3%), unclassified idiopathic interstitial pneumonia in 50 (16.7%), combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) in 40 (13.3%), and lung involvement of connective tissue disease (CTD) in 16 (5.3%). When 29 patients with definite IPF features were added to the patients with CPFE, the total number of IPF patients reached 150 (50%). Rate of male sex (p<0.001), smoking history (p<0.001), and the presence of clubbing (p=0.001) were significantly high in patients with IPE None of the women <50 years and none of the men <50 years of age without a smoking history were diagnosed with IPE Presence of at least 1 of the symptoms suggestive of CTD, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and antinuclear antibody (FANA) positivity rates were significantly higher in the non-IPF group (p<0.001, p=0.029, p=0.009, respectively). CONCLUSION: The rate of IPF among patients with fibrotic ILD was 50%. In the differential diagnosis of IPF, sex, smoking habits, and the presence of clubbing are important. The presence of symptoms related to CTD, ESR elevation, and EANA positivity reduce the likelihood of IPF

Controversy and Consensus on Indications for Sperm DNA Fragmentation Testing in Male Infertility: A Global Survey, Current Guidelines, and Expert Recommendations

Purpose: Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) testing was recently added to the sixth edition of the World Health Organization laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. Many conditions and risk factors have been associated with elevated SDF; therefore, it is important to identify the population of infertile men who might benefit from this test. The purpose of this study was to investigate global practices related to indications for SDF testing, compare the relevant professional society guideline recommendations, and provide expert recommendations. Materials and Methods: Clinicians managing male infertility were invited to take part in a global online survey on SDF clinical practices. This was conducted following the CHERRIES checklist criteria. The responses were compared to professional society guideline recommendations related to SDF and the appropriate available evidence. Expert recommendations on indications for SDF testing were then formulated, and the Delphi method was used to reach consensus. Results: The survey was completed by 436 experts from 55 countries. Almost 75% of respondents test for SDF in all or some men with unexplained or idiopathic infertility, 39% order it routinely in the work-up of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), and 62.2% investigate SDF in smokers. While 47% of reproductive urologists test SDF to support the decision for varicocele repair surgery when conventional semen parameters are normal, significantly fewer general urologists (23%; p=0.008) do the same. Nearly 70% would assess SDF before assisted reproductive technologies (ART), either always or for certain conditions. Recurrent ART failure is a common indication for SDF testing. Very few society recommendations were found regarding SDF testing. Conclusions: This article presents the largest global survey on the indications for SDF testing in infertile men, and demonstrates diverse practices. Furthermore, it highlights the paucity of professional society guideline recommendations. Expert recommendations are proposed to help guide clinicians

Design of reduced weight steel pipe supported by a composite material resistant to internal loads varying by axial position

YÖK Tez ID: 444312Silah Sistemlerinin hafifletilerek lojistik açıdan taşınabilirliğinin kolaylaştırılması ile savaş alanında üstünlük sağlanması yakın tarihimizde önem kazanan bir konudur. Genel manada Namlu, mühimmata ilk enerjinin ve dönünün, barut ve yiv-set ile kazandırıldığı silah sistemlerinin en önemli unsurudur. Günümüz malzeme ve tasarım teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler namludan daha uzun ömür, daha yüksek basınçlara dayanma, gelişmiş ısı transferi özellikleri ile beraber hafifletme taleplerini gerçekleştirilebilir birer hedef olarak görmeyi mümkün kılmaktadır. Bu Doktora çalışmasının temel hedefi; 105 mm çapta ve mevcut askeri şartnamelere uygun performansta görev ifa edebilecek Karbon elyaf – Epoksi – Çelik Hibrit kompozit malzemeli daha hafif bir obüs namlunun tasarlanmasıdır. Çalışma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde; namlu kesitinin çelik kısmı üzerinde yük taşıma kapasitesinin artırılması amacıyla uygulanan otofretaj kalıntı gerilme oluşturma işleminin detaylı incelenmesi, analitik ve nümerik otofretaj eniyilemesinin gerçekleştirilmesi ve deneysel ölçümlerle doğrulanması şeklindedir. İkinci bölümde; namlu kesitinin çelik kısmının nihai cidar kalınlığının en aza indirilebilmesi için analitik ve nümerik topoloji eniyilemelerinin yapılması şeklindedir. Belirlenen cidar kalınlığı değerleri için namlu iç balistiğine uygun dinamik bir nümerik model oluşturulmuştur. Üçüncü ve son bölümde; namlu kesitinin Karbon-Epoksi kısmının entegrasyonu çalışmaları hem nümerik hem de deneysel olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hibrit kompozit malzemeli namlu taslağının hali hazırda kullanılmakta olan tümü çelik namluya göre aynı performans koşullarında %22.7 hafifleme sağladığı görülmüştür.Developing lightweight weapons has been becoming one of the complementary issue to meet logistics needs in order to outmaneuver in a war zone in recent history. The ammunition is energized and spin by the propellant and sets-grooves in the gun barrel which is the most important element of the gun system. Today's technological improvements allows the targets of longer barrel life, upgraded operating and design pressures for gun systems, ammunitions and gun barrels to reach extended ranges, improved heat transfer specifications and lighter weight gun systems to be realized. The main aim of the study is to design a 105 mm reduced weight howitzer gun barrel with a carbon fiber – epoxy hybrid composite material and steel is able to serve according to pertinent military technical specification. The study contains three individual sections. First section contains detailed research of applied autofrettage on the tube in order to maximize the load carrying capacity of the steel cross section, implementation the optimization of autofrettage analytically and numerically and verification by using experimental results. Second section contains realization the analytical and numerical topology optimizations in order to minimize the final wall thickness of the steel part of the gun barrel cross section. For evaluation of the determined wall thickness values, a dynamical numerical model has been constructed. The third and last section contains the carbon – epoxy part of the gun barrel section integration efforts has been actualized numerically and experimentally. Weight of the gun barrel template with hybrid composite material compared to original whole steel gun barrel template could be reduced %22.7 under the same performance conditions

METAL MATRİKS KOMPOZİT SARILMIŞ NAMLU HAZNESİ YAPISAL ANALİZİ VE ÇAP OPTİMİZASYONU

Çalışmada, iç basınca maruz bırakılmış, iç, dış çapları ve sıcaklıkları ile iki ucu sabit kabul edilmiş çelikten üretilmiş namlu haznesinin yapısal analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Python dili kullanılarak yazılmış bir kod yardımı ile ara çap sürekli değiştirilmiştir. Çelik namlu haznesi üzerine izotropik metal matriks kompozitin sıkı geçme yöntemi kullanılarak monte edilmesi durumunda, çelikten üretilmiş namlu haznesi ile benzer dayanımı gösterdiği optimum çap belirlenmiştir. Optimum çaplar için gerçekleştirilen hesaplama sonuçlarının, otofretaj tekniği için gerçekleştirilen hesaplama sonuçları ile benzer olduğu değerlendirilmiştir.This study includes, the structural analysis of a steel made gun barrel chamber that pressurized internally, having inner, outer diameters unchanged, both ends constrained and no temperature difference. An evaluation of interface diameter has been done if the gun barrel chamber wrapped with a metal matrix composite by the method of shrink fitting. A python code changes the interface diameter, makes the structural analysis done and compares the results, optimise the interface diameter that shows the same structural behavior with the steel made gun barrel chamber. Evaluated that the results of the calculations for optimised diameters are similar with the results of the calculations for autofrettage technique

Kompozit malzeme ile desteklenerek, hafifletilmiş, eksenel konuma göre değişken iç yüklere dayanıklı çelik boru tasarımı

Tez (Doktora) -- Kırıkkale Üniversitesi111061