Death anxiety in outdoor-adventure recreation: study of demographic variables and experience

This study investigated the death anxiety (DA) scores of participants in outdoor-adventure recreational (OAR) activities, and the relationship of the DA scores to several demographic features and experience of DA. The study included 589 individuals with various leisure-time OAR experience levels (131 women, 458 men; Mage=29.79±9.64). Their sports included climbing (n=200), scuba diving (n=142), and paragliding (n=247). DA was measured by the Thorson-Powell Death Anxiety Scale. Overall, the DA scores were low, with no significant differences between OAR activities. However, the DA scores were affected by age and gender, and length of OAR experience. More specifically, the DA scores were highest for 18-28-year-old participants, women, and participants with 4-6 years of middle-level OAR experience. Previous negative DA experiences did not increase the DA scores

Determination of the recreational park users satisfactions and dissatisfactions factorsRekreasyonel amaçlı park kullanıcılarının memnuniyet ve memnuniyetsizlik faktörlerinin belirlenmesi

The aim of this study was to determine the satisfaction and dissatisfaction factors of the park users. The survey applied on Atatürk Culture Parks, Karaalioğlu Parks and Kepez Urbun Forest which have been selected as the sample areas in three different regions of Antalya. 600 subject were (303 female, 297 male) carried out in this study. Uzun’s (2005) questionnaire which prepared to Dawson, Newman & Watson (1997) and Newman & Dawson’s (1998) studies were used to the determined of user’s satisfaction and dissatisfaction factors in the study. Frequency and percentage analysis were used to analyze participant demographic traits and park user’s characteristics. Independent sample t-test and Oneway Anova tests were used to assess the mean differences in user’s satisfaction and dissatisfaction factors with participant demographic traits and users characteristics. According the findings were park participants’ age range is 26-40, level of education is high school and college, income level is 1000-1500 TL, living time in city is more than 16 years and living place is apartment. According to the results of study the important satisfaction sub-dimensions were accessibility and physical activity, and the important dissatisfaction sub-dimension of park users are maintenance. The findings of the study reveal that participant demographic traits and park user’s characteristics affected the user satisfaction and dissatisfaction level in the park. It’s suggested that when parks designed and being managed with consider these results. ÖzetÇalışmanın amacı, rekreasyonel amaçlı park kullanıcılarının, park kullanımlarına yönelik memnuniyet ve memnuniyetsizlik faktörlerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu çalışmada, Antalya ili merkezinde 3 farklı bölgede bulunan Atatürk Kültür Parkı, Karaalioğlu Parkı ve Kepez Kent Ormanı örneklem alanları olarak seçilmiştir. Her bir alanda 200 olmak üzere toplamda 600 (303 kadın, 297 erkek) kişiye anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Çalışmada park kullanıcılarının memnuniyet ve memnuniyetsizlik faktörlerini belirlemek amacıyla Uzun’un (2005), Dawson, Newman ve Watson’ın (1997) ve Newman ve Dawson’ın (1998) çalışmalarından yararlanılmıştır. Katılımcıların demografik özellikleri ve park kullanım özelliklerinin analizinde frekans ve yüzde analizi kullanılmıştır. Park alanlarına ait memnuniyet ve memnuniyetsizlik faktörleri ile demografik özellikler ve park kullanım özellikleri arasındaki farkları ortaya koymak için Bağımsız Örneklem t-testi ve Tek Yönlü ANOVA analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada park kullanıcılarının, 26-40 yaş aralığında, lise ve üniversite düzeyinde eğitimi olan, çoğunlukla 1000-1500 TL gelire sahip, 16 yıldan uzun süredir kentte ikamet eden, apartman dairesinde ve sitede yaşayan bireyler olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışma sonuçunda, park kullanıcılarının memnuniyetini etkileyen en önemli faktörlerin ulaşılabilirlik ve fiziksel aktivite faktörleri olduğu, memnuniyetsizliği etkileyen en önemli faktörünün ise bakım-onarım faktörü olduğu belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların demografik özelliklerinin ve park kullanım özelliklerinin memnuniyet ve memnuniyetsizlik fakörlerini etkilediği görülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda yapılacak olan park tasarımlarında ve bu alanların yönetilmesinde bu özelliklerin göz önünde bulundurulması önerilmektedir

Examination of outdoor sports activities on individuals’ positive and negative affect

Aim: The purpose of this study is to examine the changes in overall affect, positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) of the individuals involved in outdoor activities. Moreover, the study aims to describe daily satisfaction levels of the participants of outdoor sports activities. Material and Methods: This study was conducted in the south of Turkey, Antalya, Köprülü Canyon National Park and followed daily diary studies in non-experimental design. 104 voluntary participants (Xage=23.70±3.04), who were not actively involved in recreational sports activities, were measured by The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Besides, overall Satisfaction Questionnaire was measured during their activities. Average of PA and NA values of participants involved in outdoor sports activities were compared for each of the three days by Repeated Measures ANOVA and Two-way Repeated Measures ANOVA analysis. Results: When the overall changes in the affect levels of participants were considered, a significant increase was observed between the 1st (X=2.74) and 2nd days (X=2.97). The changes in PA’s of participants were significant with an increase between the 1st (X=4.12) and 2nd (X=4.28) days and a decrease between 2nd (X=4.28) and 3rd (X=4.09) days. Furthermore, it was determined that gender did not affect the general, positive, and negative emotional states of the participants.Conclusion: The results reveal that participating in outdoor sports activities positively influence the overall and positive affect levels of participants

Impact of the “Chalk” on perceived visual quality and the willingness to climb: a research on sports climbing

Background and Study Aim: Rock climbing is a popular outdoor recreation and tourism activity practiced in natural areas. Rock climbing, like all of the other outdoor activities, has a variety of impacts on nature and visitors. Understanding these impacts is important for ensuring the sustainability of natural environments and activities practiced in these areas. The goal of this study was to analyze the impacts of chalk density on the rock surface, on the perceived visual quality and the willingness of participants to climb. Material and Methods: The visual research method was used in the study to analyze the perceived visual quality of climbers. Photographing technique, one of the visual research methods, was utilized in the study to determine the perceived visual quality of climbers. Eleven photographs, prepared for this purpose, were presented to 213 voluntary participants and the obtained results were evaluated. Results: Repeated measures analysis of variance test results indicate that the chalk level increase specifically designed and presented in the photographs statistically changed the perceived visual quality of participants. Impacts of the variables of gender, climbing experience, climbing level and chalk density level on perceived visual quality are compared with the ANOVA test. The results indicate that within-group variance in terms of the climbing level is statistically significant. Conclusions: According to the results of the study, the increase in chalk use density on rock surfaces has a negative impact on the perceived visual quality and willingness of participants to climb

Why Do So Few Local People Visit National Parks? Examining Constraints to Antalya’s National Parks, Turkey

National parks are significant tourism and recreational areas that are widely used in many countries. Although such areas are widespread in Turkey, their resource value is underestimated. For this reason, this research aims to identify the constraints regarding local people’s use of national parks and investigate the effects of demographic features on these constraints. This research conducted in Antalya, which is the city with the most national park areas in Turkey. Mixed method approach was applied in this study. In the first stage, a sample of 100 people in Antalya were interviewed. In the second stage, a questionnaire was given to 2,367 people. The three-dimensional leisure constraints model was used as the study’s theoretical framework. The findings showed that lack of information/facilities (structural) was the main restriction on local people’s use of national parks, followed by accessibility/finance (structural), maintenance (structural), social (interpersonal) and individual/ psychological (intrapersonal) factors. Use of national parks was also affected by demographic features of sex, age, marital status, having a child, income and education level. In conclusion, the existence of structural constraints as dominant national park use is advantageous in constraint management. The Turkish national parks and the tourism authorities should therefore change their management strategies regarding this issue

Чотиритижневе локальне тренування з електроміостимуляцією на грифі у підвищенні ізокінетичної сили зап'ястя і витривалісті

Background and Study Aim: Electromyostimulaiton (EMS) has been used for both physical therapy and strength improvements for a few decades. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a four-week local-EMS training performed on a fingerboard (FT) in wrist strength and endurance. Material and Methods:  Sixteen physically active, non-climber students were divided into EMS+FT and FT groups. Each group performed the same training program about 25 min a day, 3 days a week for four weeks. The EMS+FT implementation was performed with a signal width of 260 ms and a frequency of 60 Hz. Before and after training, isokinetic measurements were collected. The parameters used in the research during flexion and extension at 60 and 180°/sec were; Peak Torque (PT), Peak Torque/Body Weight (PT/BW), and Average Power (AP). Results: The EMS+FT group showed statistically significant alterations in all of the parameters (p<0.01 and p<0.05) except in the left wrist AP during flexion and extension at 180°/sec. However, the FT group showed significant changes in only wright wrist AP during extension at 60°/sec, and wright and left wrist AP during flexion at 180°/sec, and left wrist PT during extension at 180°/sec. Conclusions: Accordingly, it could be inferred that FT done by using EMS for four weeks improve the isokinetic wrist strength and endurance significantly. Muscular fitness has an essential role in climbing performance, and this study points that EMS trainings on fingerboard could be used to enhance the climbing performance.Цель: Электромиостимуляция (EMS) использовалась для физической терапии и повышения силы в течение нескольких десятилетий. Это исследование было направлено на изучение влияния четырехнедельной локальной тренировки EMS, проводимой на грифе (FT), на силу и выносливость запястья. Материал: Шестнадцать физически активных студентов, не занимающихся скалолазанием, были разделены на группы EMS + FT и FT. Каждая группа выполняла одну и ту же программу обучения около 25 минут в день, 3 дня в неделю в течение четырех недель. Реализация EMS + FT была выполнена с шириной сигнала 260 мс и частотой 60 Гц. До и после тренировки были проведены изокинетические измерения. Параметры, использованные в исследовании во время сгибания и разгибания при 60 и 180 ° / сек, были; Пиковый крутящий момент (PT), Пиковый крутящий момент / масса тела (PT / BW) и Средняя мощность (AP). Результаты: группа EMS + FT показала статистически значимые изменения во всех параметрах (р <0,01 и р <0,05), за исключением AP левой кисти во время сгибания и разгибания при 180 ° / сек. Тем не менее, группа FT показала значительные изменения только в AP запястья, запястья во время разгибания при 60 ° / сек, а в точке перегиба запястья и левого запястья во время сгибания при 180 ° / сек, и PT левой запястья во время разгибания при 180 ° / сек. Выводы: Соответственно, можно сделать вывод, что FT с использованием EMS в течение четырех недель значительно повышает изокинетическую силу и выносливость запястья. Мускульная тренировка играет важную роль в выполнении упражнений на скалолазание, и это исследование показывает, что тренировки EMS на грифе могут быть использованы для улучшения характеристик скалолазания.Мета: Електроміостимуляція (EMS) використовувалася для фізичної терапії і підвищення сили протягом декількох десятиліть. Це дослідження було спрямоване на вивчення впливу чотиритижневого локального тренування EMS, що проводиться на грифі (FT), на силу і витривалість зап'ястя. Матеріал: Шістнадцять фізично активних студентів, які не займаються скелелазінням, були розділені на групи EMS + FT і FT. Кожна група виконувала одну і ту ж програму навчання близько 25 хвилин в день, 3 дні на тиждень протягом чотирьох тижнів. Реалізація EMS + FT була виконана з шириною сигналу 260 мс і частотою 60 Гц. До і після тренування було проведено ізокінетичне вимірювання. Параметри, використані в дослідженні під час згинання та розгинання при 60 і 180 ° / сек, були: Піковий крутний момент (PT), піковий крутний момент / маса тіла (PT / BW) та Середня потужність (AP). Результати: група EMS + FT показала статистично значущі зміни в усіх параметрах (р <0,01 і р <0,05), за винятком AP лівої кисті під час згинання та розгинання при 180 ° / сек. Проте, група FT показала значні зміни тільки в AP зап'ястя, зап'ястя під час розгинання при 60 ° / сек, а в точці перегину зап'ястя і лівого зап'ястя під час згинання при 180 ° / сек, і PT лівої зап'ястя під час розгинання при 180 ° / сек. Висновки: Відповідно, можна зробити висновок, що FT з використанням EMS протягом чотирьох тижнів значно підвищує ізокінетичну силу і витривалість зап'ястя. М'язове тренування грає важливу роль у виконанні вправ на скелелазіння, і це дослідження показує, що тренування EMS на грифі можуть бути використані для поліпшення характеристик скелелазіння

Synthesis of new cyclic thioureas and evaluation of their metal-chelating activity, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and carbonic anhydrase inhibition profiles

In the presence of trifluoracetic acid (TFAA), an efficient method for the synthesis of tetra(hexa)hydropyrimidinethione-carboxylates has been used on the basis of three-component condensation of thiourea with its different aldehydes and -diketones. Some novel cyclic thioureas were synthesized, and their hCA I, hCA II, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors and metal-chelating properties were evaluated. K-i values of novel synthesized compounds for AChE and BChE are in the range of 51.84-135.96 and 143.96-274.55 nM, respectively. Also, HCA I and II were effectively inhibited by these novel compounds, with K-i values in the range of 404.16-745.13 nM for hCA I and of 434.20-689.57 nM for hCA II, respectively. Additionally, acetazolamide (AZA), clinically used as a CA inhibitor, with a K-i value of 883.68 +/- 121.27 nM in hCA I and 1008.66 +/- 144.70 nM in hCA II. Also, tacrine inhibited AChE and BChE showed K-i values of 314.63 +/- 31.66 and 373.57 +/- 75.07 nM, respectively