Pemilihan kerjaya pelajar tingkatan 6 atas di sekolah menengah kluster di Kelantan

Setiap individu berkehendakkan suatu kerjaya yang dapat menjamin kehidupan pada masa hadapan. Pemilihan kerjaya bukanlah suatu perkara yang mudah dan seseorang itu lazimnya akan dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan serta faktor-faktor yang ada di persekitarannya semasa proses pemilihan kerjaya itu berlaku. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini adalah bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti minat kerjaya pelajar berdasarkan personaliti Holland, perbezaan minat kerjaya antara jantina, pendedahan dan faktor�faktor yang mempengaruhi pemilihan kerjaya pelajar. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 136 orang pelajar daripada Tingkatan 6 Atas di sekolah-sekolah menengah kluster di Kelantan. Set soal selidik digunakan sebagai instrumen kajian ini. Semua data yang diperolehi daripada soal selidik dianalisis dengan menggunakan Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 16.0. Hasil kajian mendapati pelajar-pelajar ini cenderung kepada jenis personaliti Sosial. Analisis menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbezaan minat kerjaya antara pelajar lelaki dan perempuan. Pendedahan yang mereka terima di sekolah adalah pada tahap yang memberangsangkan dimana pihak sekolah sentiasa memberikan maklumat mengenai kerjaya kepada pelajar. Keputusan kajian juga mendapati bahawa faktor minat merupakan faktor utama yang mempengaruhi pelajar dalam membuat pemilihan kerjaya

Financial Determinants of Economic Growth of Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis

The paper attempts to investigate the relationship between savings and Economic growth of Pakistan by using the time series data from 1972 to 2015. For empirical analysis, ordinary least square method is used. The analysis is made in two parts. In the first part; descriptive statistics and correlation matrix are described. In second part, multivariate analysis explains how saving of Pakistan is determined by economic growth. This study concludes that the employed labor force, gross fixed capital formation and exchange rate have positive and significant influence on real gross domestic product. Foreign direct investment and gross domestic savings have negative but insignificant impact on real gross domestic product. Keeping in view the role of savings and economic growth in Pakistan. It is recommended that government should provide enabling environment and fiscal incentives for enhancing the foreign direct investment. This will increase the gross domestic product in the country. For this purpose, the industrial and agricultural sectors of the country must be stable. Moreover, there is a need of creating an investment friendly business environment in Pakistan

Corporate Governance, Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance of Banks listed in Pakistan Stock Exchange

This study aims to examine the impact of Corporate Governance (CG) and Intellectual Capital (IC) on financial performance in banks listed in Pakistan stock exchange. Due to the different scope of business, the banks are dived into two groups - Commercial banks and Microfinance & investment banks, and analyzed their data separately. We have used Generalized Least Squared (GLS) model to examine the impact of Corporate Governance and Intellectual Capital, and then impact of Intellectual capital on financial performance. The results show that Corporate Governance has significant impact on intellectual capital in both groups of banks. Board ownership has positive significant coefficient only in case of microfinance & investment banks, while Board size and Board independence significantly improve intellectual capital efficiency in case of both types of banks. Human capital efficiency significantly effects financial performance in Microfinance and investment banks, whereas commercial banks improve their financial performance through structural capital efficiency

Metal recycle and recovery

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.The development of techniques for the removal and recovery of metals from industrial effluent taking account of the consequences of the definition of waste in the Basel Convention on transfrontier shipment of waste is reported. The use of fluidised bed cell electrolysis in the recovery of metals from dilute solutions is investigated, and the conditions for recovery optimised. For the first time the application of a novel activated carbon cloth concentrator cell to recover metals from effluent solutions is reported and the conditions for its use optimised. Comparative studies using conventional mesh and plate electrodes, and novel activated carbon cloth electrode for the recovery of cobalt from dilute solution, and copper from three different hydrometallurgical solutions viz (i) Cu/Zn, (ii)Cu/Zn/Fe and (iii) Cu/Zn/Cd containing effluents were carried out. Application of concentrator cell technology including activated carbon cloth and ion exchange resin to the recovery of metals, including precious group metals, from industrial as-supplied samples is reported. Optimisation leads to successful recovery of iridium and palladium from very dilute solutions. The alternative recovery of metal as added-value chemicals is also investigated. The Basel Convention is concerned with transfrontier shipment of waste from developed to developing countries and has produced a need to investigate the leachability of metals in various forms. In this work the leachability of copper and zinc is studied under various conditions that model environmental situations and the results have been used to develop a methodology to determine whether a metal containing material would be subject to a shipment ban under the Convention. As part of the development of the methodology, leaching studies were also carried out on single chemical compounds of copper, zinc, cadmium and lead, and their bioavailability determined

Accuracy Of Serum Ferritin, C-Reactive Protein, Lactate Dehydrogenase And D. Dimers In Assessing Severity And Outcome Of COVID-19 Infection

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Covid-19 emerged as pandemic. In the beginning, due to the rapid spread of virus it was difficult to understand fully its pathogenesis but various inflammatory markers were found to be raised. Along with the detection of virus by polymerase reaction (PCR), studies of these markers not only help in diagnosis but also in assessing the prognosis of covid-19 infection. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Capital Hospital, CDA Islamabad from December to June 2022. After taking consent various inflammatory markers were recorded on a proforma. Patients were followed and outcome was also recorded. The data collected was analyzed by percentage/ frequency distribution. T-test was applied and p-values were calculated (significant p-value=<0.05).  Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, area under curve (AUC) and accuracy were calculated by using SPSS, version 23. Results: A total of 185 covid-19 PCR positive patients were included in the study. 112(60.5%) were men and 73 (39.5%) were women. 165(89.2%) patients were > 40 years of age. 117 (63.2%) patients had mild /moderate disease and 68(36.8%) had severe disease.  162 (87.5%) patients were discharged and 23 (23.4%) expired. AUC in relation to severity of disease was 0.603 for C- reactive protein (CRP), 0.543 for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 0.525 for D. dimers and 0.619 for ferritin. Accuracy in relation to disease severity was as following: CRP 57.4%, D. dimers 52.4 %, ferritin 57.9% and LDH 55.7%.  AUC in relation to outcome of covid-19 was 0.699 for CRP, 0.668 for LDH, 0.742 for D. dimers and 0.677 for ferritin. Accuracy of inflammatory markers in relation to outcome was as following: CRP 45.9%, D. dimers 61.2%, LDH 48.1% and ferritin 46.9%. Conclusion: Serum ferritin showed the highest accuracy (57.9%) in assessing the covid-19 severity and D. dimer came up with highest accuracy (61.2%) in assessing disease outcome

Evaluation of the anti-proliferative and antimicrobial activities of three types of trigona spp. honey

Trigona spp. known as Kelulut in Malaysia, was a small stingless bee from tribe Meliponini. This stingless bee produced honey which was used in wound healing, increase immune system, killing bacteria, treatment of bronchial phlegm, relieving sore throat, cough, and cold. In this study, the Trigona spp. honeys were tested to determine the anti-proliferative activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines, HeLa cervical cancer cell and SVG normal glial cell using MTT assay. The antimicrobial activities of Trigona spp. honey were tested by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans using microdilution method. Then minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) or minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) value were determined by sub culturing the contents of nutrient broth used for MIC tests on nutrient agar using sterile wire loop and making a strike on the media to see bacteria growth after incubating at 37 °C for 24 hours. Absence of growth of E. coli and S. aureus were indicated the MBCs of the honeys while MFC were determined by absence growth of C. albicans. Lastly, the time kill assay were determined at concentrations of 0.5 x MIC, 1 x MIC and 2 x MIC and were incubated for varied time intervals (0, 2, 4, 24 hours). The number of living cells (CFU/mL) of each sample was determined using the agar plate count method. As the result, both H. itama honey and T. laeviceps honey were showed inhibition in the growth ofMCF-7 breast cancer cell line and HeLa cervical cancer cell lines. However, the T. laeviceps honey has better anti-proliferative activity on MCF-7 cell lines but weak anti-proliferative activity on HeLa cell line. In contrast, H. itama honey showed better anti-proliferative activity on HeLa cell line but much weaker on MCF-7 cell lines. Besides, Trigona spp. honeys were non-toxic to the normal cell line while toxic to the cancer cell line. The undiluted H. itama honey (100 % concentration) promoted normal cell proliferation. For antimicrobial activity, MIC values of the Trigona spp. honey against E. coli were ranged 3.125 % to 6.25 % while against S. aureus were ranged 3.125 % to 12.5 %. Besides, C. albicans showed low susceptibility to all types of honeys. Time kill assay showed that have bactericidal activity against E.coli and S. aureus. The stingless bee honey showed the reduction of E.coli after 24 hours while the reduction of S. aureus was showed after 2 hours of treatment. The anti-proliferative and antimicrobial activities of the honey were correlated with their total phenols content, hydrogen peroxide activity, acidity and hyper-osmolarity of the honey. We concluded that the Trigona spp. honey showed varied inhibitory effects on different cancer cell lines and broader-spectrum antibacterial activity but weak in antifungal activity. However, further investigation of Trigona spp. honey mechanisms of action, in vivo studies, and toxicological effects will be necessary to establish their safety as anticancer and antimicrobial agents

Study of Waste MDEA Characteristics through Neutralization with Caustic

This report aims to study the by-product formation and potential harm it may cause to the MDEA at different strengths of amine, to determine the MDEA characteristics after caustic is added and provide qualitative measure of HSS contamination and to determine the feasibility of adding caustic to neutralise MDEA is applicable to Amines system in the refinery. Amines is a class of organic compounds of nitrogen that may be considered as derivation of ammonia (NH3) by replacing one or more of the hydrogen atoms with alkyl groups. The amine is primary (MEA), secondary (DEA), or tertiary (MDEA) depending on whether one, two, or three of the hydrogen atoms are replaced. MDEA has become more and more preferable for amine gas sweetening due to its stability. From the experiments conducted, it is clear that neutralization with KOH is favorable. This is because neutralization changes the corrosive HSS which is formate and acetate to HSAS which is less corrosive to an amine system. From the TAN obtained, KOH effectively neutralized the high amount of acid in the solution. The byproduct (HSAS) which are potassium acetate and potassium formate produced in this neutralization is more harmless than the HSS (formate and acetate) before neutralization. MDEA characteristics and basicity is also retained after neutralization. KOH addition to neutralize HSS is therefore suitable as a short term measure of purging the amine system. It is recommended to be added after the amine has gone through the regenerator to prevent the KOH from neutralizing H2S instead. The MDEA concentration that is above 30% and less than 50% seems to be the best concentration against contaminants in the system. Neutralization with KOH is deemed feasible for application in an amine gas treating plant. It is recommended to investigate MDEA at other strengths (wt %) such as 25, 35, 45 and 55% as well