The Importance Of Schools’ Sport Promotion In Society,

This study aims to generalize of school sports in the society, and this indicates how it impresses to the achievement of sporty.The universe of the research constitues physical education teachers work at schools of Ministry of National Education. The sample of research constitutes is composed twenty-six female and one hundred-two male physical education teachers, who work in the center of Elazig. A questionnaire is applied as a data collection device, these rates and frequency values of the questionnaire data are considered, and these values put into tables. Consequently, physical education teachers participated in this research stated that; %85.1 (109 people) considers that school sports would be affective for spreading schools in society, %68 has economic problems in sportive facilities, %95.3 thinks that hours of physical education courses are not adequate, %83 considers that sports organizations among schools would be benefical for national sports

Spin relaxation in (110) and (001) InAs/GaSb superlattices

We report an enhancement of the electron spin relaxation time (T1) in a (110) InAs/GaSb superlattice by more than an order of magnitude (25 times) relative to the corresponding (001) structure. The spin dynamics were measured using polarization sensitive pump probe techniques and a mid-infrared, subpicosecond PPLN OPO. Longer T1 times in (110) superlattices are attributed to the suppression of the native interface asymmetry and bulk inversion asymmetry contributions to the precessional D'yakonov Perel spin relaxation process. Calculations using a nonperturbative 14-band nanostructure model give good agreement with experiment and indicate that possible structural inversion asymmetry contributions to T1 associated with compositional mixing at the superlattice interfaces may limit the observed spin lifetime in (110) superlattices. Our findings have implications for potential spintronics applications using InAs/GaSb heterostructures.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

THE EVALUATION OF ADMISSION SIGNS AND TREATMENT RESPONSE OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS

Amaç: Akut gastroenteritler, hastaneye başvuru yakınmaları arasında sıklıkla yer almakta ve tedavilerdeki gelişmelere rağmen yüksek mortalite ve morbidite oranları ile seyretmeye devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Çocuk Acil polikliniğine akut ishal yakınması ile başvuran çocuk olguların başvuru özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve yöntem: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Çocuk Acil polikliniğine akut ishal yakınması ile başvuran 541 olgu [291 (%53,8) erkek] retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastalar yaş, cinsiyet, dehidratasyon varlığı ve derecesi, tedavi şekli ve süresi, komplikasyonların varlığı açısından araştırıldı. Bulgular: Hastaların başvuru anındaki yaşı ortalama 4,7 ± 4,1 yıl (1 ay-16 yaş, ortanca: 3 yaş) idi. Otuzüç hasta (%6) kanlı dışkılama, 508 hasta sulu dışkılama yakınması ile başvurdu. İshal süresi ortalama 2,0 ± 1,6 gün (min:1- maks: 9 gün), günde yapılan dışkı sayısı ise ortalama 5,2 ± 2,9 (min: 3- maks:15) idi. Hastaların % 70'inde (383 hasta) kusma yakınması da mevcuttu. Hastaların 206'sı (%38,4) hastaneye başvurmadan önce antibiyotik kullanmaya başlamıştı. Hastaların %84'ünde (450 hasta) dehidratasyon yok iken, %16'sında (91 hasta) değişik derecelerde dehidratasyon mevcuttu. Onsekiz hasta (%3,3) hastaneye yatırıldı. Yatış nedenleri elektrolit imbalansı, ağır dehidratasyon ve asidoz, ağır kusma, konvulzyon geçirme ve ailenin sosyal endikasyonu idi. Dehidratasyonu olan hastalara oral veya parenteral yolla rehidratasyon tedavisi verildi. Akut ishal yakınması ile başvuran hastalar arasında kaybedilen hasta olmadı. Sonuç: Çocuklarda akut gastroenteritlerin büyük çoğunluğunu viral gastroenteritler oluşturmaktadır. İshal tedavisinin en önemli komponenti dehidratasyonun tespiti ve tedavisidir. Bu nedenle tüm hastalarda biyokimyasal incelemeler yapılmamalı, antibiyotik tedavisi gerektirecek özellikleri olmayan hastalara ampirik antibiyotik tedavisi başlanmamalıdır. Objective: Diarrhea is a frequent symptom at hospital admission, and acute gastroenteritis is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality, despite improvements in therapy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate patients who were seen at Dokuz Eylül University Hospital's Pediatric Emergency Department with complaint of diarrhea. Eylül University Hospital's Pediatric Emergency Department with complaint of diarrhea were retrospectively evaluated. Age and gender of patients, presence and severity of dehydration, type and duration of therapy and complications were screened. Results: The mean age of patients was 4.7 ± 4.1 years (range: 1 month-16 year, median: 3 years). Thirty three (6%) and 508 patients had bloody or watery stools, respectively. The mean duration of diarrhea was 2.0 ± 1.6 days (range:1- 9 days) and, number of stool per day was 5.2 ± 2.9 (range: 3-15). Seventy per cent (383) of patients also had vomiting. Antibiotics had already been started in 208 patients (38.4%) at the time of the hospital visit. While there was no sign of dehydration in 84% of patients (450 patients), 16% of patients had dehydration with varying severity. Eighteen patients (3.3%) required hospitalization. Electrolyte imbalance, severe dehydration and acidosis, severe vomiting, convulsions and social conditions were the reasons of hospitalization. Dehydrated patients were rehydrated with both oral and parenteral routes. No death occured among the patients. Conclusion: Viral etiologies are the major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children. Detection and therapy of dehydration are the most important components of gastroenteritis management. Therefore, biochemical investigations should not be made routinely in all of the patients and empirical antibiotic therapy should not be started without clear indications

Hannah Arendt

Peer reviewe

Assessment of imidacloprid toxicity on reproductive organ system of adult male rats

In the current study it was aimed to investigate the toxicity of low doses of imidacloprid (IMI) on the reproductive organ systems of adult male rats. The treatment groups received 0.5 (IMI-0.5), 2 (IMI-2) or 8 mg IMI/kg body weight by oral gavage (IMI-8) for three months. The deterioration in sperm motility in IMI-8 group and epidydimal sperm concentration in IMI-2 and IMI-8 groups and abnormality in sperm morphology in IMI-8 were significant. The levels of testosterone (T) and GSH decreased significantly in group IMI-8 compared to the control group. Upon treatment with IMI, apoptotic index increased significantly only in germ cells of the seminiferous tubules of IMI-8 group when compared to control. Fragmentation was striking in the seminal DNA from the IMI-8 group, but it was much less obvious in the IMI-2 one. IMI exposure resulted in elevation of all fatty acids analyzed, but the increases were significant only in stearic, oleic, linoleic and arachidonic acids. The ratios of 20:4/20:3 and 20:4/18:2 were decreased and 16:1n-9/16:0 ratio was increased. In conclusion, the present animal experiments revealed that the treatment with IMI at NOAEL dose-levels caused deterioration in sperm parameters, decreased T level, increased apoptosis of germ cells, seminal DNA fragmentation, the depletion of antioxidants and change in disturbance of fatty acid composition. All these changes indicate the suppression of testicular function

Deindustrialization in cities of the global south

Recent research by economists has shown that deindustrialization is more severe in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America than it ever was in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Nevertheless, most research on deindustrialization is focused on the former centres of Fordist manufacturing in the industrial heartlands of the North Atlantic. In short, there is a mismatch between where deindustrialization is researched and where it is occurring, and the objective of this paper is to shift the geographical focus of research on deindustrialization to the Global South. Case studies from Argentina, India, Tanzania and Turkey demonstrate the variegated nature of deindustrialization beyond the North Atlantic. In the process, it is demonstrated that cities in the Global South can inform wider theoretical discussions on the impacts of deindustrialization at the urban scale