Tragopogon abbreviatus (Asteraceae): a little-known species inferred from morphological and molecular analysis

Tragopogon porrifolius occurs in Turkey with 3 taxonomically confused subspecies: T. porrifolius subsp. eriospermus, T. porrifolius subsp. longirostris, and T. porrifolius subsp. abbreviatus. In the present paper, T. porrifolius subsp. abbreviatus endemic to Turkey is raised at specific level based on morphological and molecular analysis. After detailed assessment of original herbarium specimens and literature studies, we found that this name is not typified yet. Thus, a lectotype is provided together with an emended diagnosis; synonym, distribution map, and conservation status for the first time. Additionally, a preliminary phylogenetic position of this little-known taxon is given on several newly sequenced data

A conspectus of Scorzonera s.l. in Turkey

A comprehensive taxonomic study based on comparative morphology of Scorzonera , here maintained in its wide sense, is presented for the territory of Turkey. Tis study has produced several changes of classifcation at sectional and species ranks. An updated list of Scorzonera taxa occurring in Turkey, along with their infrageneric classifcation, is provided. A new section, S. sect. Anatolia Makbul & Coskunç., is described. Chromosome numbers, threat categories, and distribution maps are given for 6 endemic taxa (S. boissieri, S. karabelensis, S. longiana , S. sandrasica , S. ulrichii, and S. zorkunensis) placed in or transferred to the newly described section. A revised identifcation key to all Scorzonera species in Turkey is presented

Tragopogon oligolepis’ın fitokimyasal içeriği, antioksidan ve antiquorum sensing özelliğinin belirlenmesi

Objective: In this study it was aimed to examine antiquorum sensing, antioxidant activities by using root and aerial parts extracts of Tragopogon oligolepis. Also phenolic content was detected using HPLC analysis. Material-Method: Antioxidant activity was detected by DPPH, FRAP methods and phenolic content HPLC. Antiquorum sensing activity was investigated by using pyocyanin and swarming motility assay on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Results: Phytochemical profile findings showed that 12 components were detected in the root and 10 components in the aerial parts. The main components were found chlorogenic acid and o-coumaric acid. According to the obtained of antioxidant levels the aerial parts extracts of T. oligolepis had the best antioxidant property in our results. The amount of DPPH (0.60 ± 0.01 mg/ml) and phenolic content (6.55±0.18 mg GAE/g sample) was determined to be high in the aerial parts. In the FRAP analysis, high reducing power was found in the roots (12.62±0.36 μmol FeSO4/g sample). According to these results, although T. oligolepis extracts do not reach very high amounts in terms of antioxidant results, it is thought to be a plant that can be evaluated in terms of removing oxidant effects. The results of antiquorum sensing activity showed that both root and aerial parts extract showed strong inhibitory effect on swarming motility 62%, %65 rate respectively. Conclusions: Tragopogon oligolepis, an endemic species, can be evaluated as an antiquorum sensing inhibitor candidate with its phytochemical contents.Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Tragopogon oligolepis'in kök ve toprak üstü kısım ekstraktları kullanılarak antiquorum sensing ve antioksidan aktivitelerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca HPLC analizi kullanılarak fenolik içerik tespit edilmiştir. Gereç Yöntem: Antioksidan aktivite DPPH, FRAP yöntemleri ve fenolik içerik HPLC ile tespit edildi. Çevreyi algılama aktivitesi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 üzerinde piyosiyanin ve kayma hareketi testi kullanılarak araştırıldı. Bulgular: Fitokimyasal profil bulguları, kökte 12 bileşen ve toprak üstü kısımlarda 10 bileşen tespit edildiğini göstermiştir. Ana bileşenler klorojenik asit ve o-kumarik asit olarak bulunmuştur. Elde edilen antioksidan seviyelerine göre, sonuçlarımızda en iyi antioksidan özelliği T. oligolepis'in toprak üstü kısımları ekstreleri göstermiştir. Toprak üstü kısımlarda DPPH (0.60 ± 0.01 mg/mL) ve fenolik içerik (6.55±0.18 mg GAE/g numune) miktarının yüksek olduğu belirlendi. FRAP analizinde köklerde yüksek indirgeme tespit edildi (12.62±0.36 μmol FeSO4/g numune). Antiquorum sensing sonuçlarına göre ise kök ve toprak üstü ektraktları kayma hareketi üzerine %62 ve %65 oranında güçlü inhibisyon etki göstermiştir. Sonuç: Elde edilen sonuçlar neticesinde endemik bir tür olan T. oligolepis, fitokimyasal içeriği ile antiquorum sensing inhibitör adayı olarak değerlendirilebilir

Caucasoseris, a new genus of subtribe Chondrillinae (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) for the enigmatic Prenanthes abietina

A new genus, Caucasoseris, is established to accommodate Prenanthes abietina, a species of hitherto uncertain systematic position distributed in the western Caucasus and northeasternmost Turkey in montane conifer and mixed forests. Agreement has existed that the species belongs somewhere in the Crepidinae or Lactucinae but its morphological features do not match any genus and previous molecular phylogenetic analyses could not establish its sister group. This study provides additional micro- and macromorphological, palynological and anatomical data, and used a molecular phylogenetic sampling designed to ascertain its relationship. A sister group relationship with the Chondrillinae is inferred from the phylogenetic tree based on nrITS. In the plastid DNA tree, where the Chondrillinae are resolved as a clade nested inside the Crepidinae, the species is resolved further remote from the Chondrillinae clade and in a rather early diverging position of the Crepidinae. In agreement also with the anatomical and microand macromorphological findings, it is considered an orphan lineage with affinities to the Chondrillinae, best treated as a genus of its own. A key to the genera of the Chondrillinae including Caucasoseris is provided.Peer reviewe

Caucasoseris, a new genus of subtribe Chondrillinae (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) for the enigmatic Prenanthes abietina

A new genus, Caucasoseris, is established to accommodate Prenanthes abietina, a species of hitherto uncertain systematic position distributed in the western Caucasus and northeasternmost Turkey in montane conifer and mixed forests. Agreement has existed that the species belongs somewhere in the Crepidinae or Lactucinae but its morphological features do not match any genus and previous molecular phylogenetic analyses could not establish its sister group. This study provides additional micro- and macromorphological, palynological and anatomical data, and used a molecular phylogenetic sampling designed to ascertain its relationship. A sister group relationship with the Chondrillinae is inferred from the phylogenetic tree based on nrITS. In the plastid DNA tree, where the Chondrillinae are resolved as a clade nested inside the Crepidinae, the species is resolved further remote from the Chondrillinae clade and in a rather early diverging position of the Crepidinae. In agreement also with the anatomical and microand macromorphological findings, it is considered an orphan lineage with affinities to the Chondrillinae, best treated as a genus of its own. A key to the genera of the Chondrillinae including Caucasoseris is provided.Peer reviewe

Chromosome counts of Tragopogon L. (Asteraceae) from Turkey

Coskuncelebi, Kamil/0000-0001-5713-6628; Vladimirov, Vladimir/0000-0001-7730-9725WOS: 000358644500005In the present study, mitotic chromosome numbers of 18 Tragopogon taxa from Turkey, including five endemic species, were counted. the plant material originates from 30 populations. the chromosome numbers of T. albinervis (2n = 12), T. dshimilensis (2n = 12), T. oligolepis (2n = 12), T. porrifolius subsp. abbreviatus (2n = 12) and T. subacaulis (2n = 12) are reported for the first time. the chromosome numbers are published for the first time from Turkish accessions, except for T. coloratus, T. latifolius var. latifolius, T. reticulatus, and T. porrifolius subsp. longirostris. of the studied plants 13 taxa proved to be diploid (2n = 12) and five taxa tetraploid (2n = 24). the chromosome numbers obtained from the present study are consistent with previous reports.TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [105T065, 110T954]The authors would like to express their thanks to TUBITAK [105T065 and 110T954] for financial support

Tragopogon turcicus sp nov (Asteraceae) from Turkey and its phylogenetic position

Saglam, Coskun/0000-0003-2980-2501; Coskuncelebi, Kamil/0000-0001-5713-6628WOS: 000362577700006Tragopogon turcicus Cokunc., M.Gultepe & Makbul, a new diploid species (2n = 2x = 12), is described and illustrated from Kzlda National Park (Isparta), southwest Anatolia. It is morphologically similar to T. oligolepis Hartvig & Strid which is also endemic to Turkey. Diagnostic characters, description, conservation status together with micro- and macro-morphological properties of achenes and pollen grains are given. A phylogenetic analysis based on nrDNA ITS sequence data indicated that T. oligolepis is the sister species of the new taxon.TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TBAG-110T954]Authors express their thanks to TUBITAK (TBAG-110T954) for financial support

Contribution to the taxonomy of little known Tragopogon species endemic to Turkey

In the present paper, two little-known species (T. olympicus Boiss. and T. pichleri Boiss.) endemic to Turkey are evaluated in terms of morphology based on numerous authentic and/or new collections. Additionally, the phylogenetic positions of these little-known species are evaluated based on newly generated sequences of nrDNA ITS, trnL and trnL-F. As a result of the morphological examination, lectotypes are designated and documented for both species together with amended diagnosis. The phylogenetic analysis of the ITS data indicates that T. olympicus and T. latifolius Boiss. var. angustifolius are sister taxa, while T. dubius Scop. and T. pichleri are nested together in a different subclade of Tragopogon sect. Majores (Artemcz.) Kuthath s.l. However, neither species is resolved in the cpDNA tree due to low nucleotide diversity. The present results support treating T. olympicus and T. pichleri as members of Tragopogon sect. Sosnovskya Boriss. and Tragopogon sect. Majores, respectively

Cytogenetic studies on some Scorzonera L. s.l. (Asteraceae) taxa from Turkey

In the present study, chromosome morphology of 32 Scorzonera L. taxa, including 19 species endemic to Turkey, was analyzed. Te plant materials were collected from diferent natural populations of Turkey between 2005 and 2011. Te classification of chromosomes, the length of the long and short arm, haploid chromosome length, arm ratio, and relative chromosomal length were measured by sofware image analyses. Te basic chromosome numbers were determined as x 6 and x 7. Two types of ploidy levels were observed as diploidy and tetraploidy. Karyotype asymmetry indices, TF%, As K%, Syi, Rec, A, A1, and A2 were also calculated. Scorzonera ahmet-duranii S.Makbul & Coskuncelebi, S. laciniata subsp. calcitrapifolia (Vahl) Marie, and Scorzonera suberosa C.Koch subsp . cariensis (Boiss.) Chamberlain had the most symmetrical karyotypes for the subgenera Scorzonera L., Podospermum (L.) DC., and Pseudopodospermum (Lipsch. & Krasch.) Lipsch., respectively

Evaluation of the chemical composition in different plant parts of Scorzonera Papposa

Scorzonera papposa, a member of the Scorzonera genus, is not investigated deeply regarding its volatile oil composition and seconder metabolite content in Turkey. In our study we were able to distinguish Scorzonera papposa plant parts regarding their chemical content. 56 different volatile oil components could be detected in different plant parts of this species using GC-MS analysis. Further, investigated plant material was screened using 13 bioactive phenolics namely, Apigenin, Caffeic, Catechin, Chlorogenic acid, Gallocatechin, Isoquercitrin, Luteolin, p-Coumaric acid, Quercetin, Quercitrin, Rosmarinic acid, Rutin and Thymol. Volatile oil analysis of different parts of S. papposa revealed huge variation regarding their essential oil components from which a lot of could be used in pharmaceutical investigations. The highest amounts were detected with 16,78% for Methyl palmitate in root, 30.44 % for Phytone in stem, 40.17 % for Phytone in leaf and and 31.84 % for Phytol in seed. Catechin, Chlorogenic acid, Hyperoside and Avicularin coud be deteceted in highest amount in all plant parts. Apigenin and Neochlorogenic acid was present only in stem parts. Important phenolic compounds as Caffeic acid, Eepicatechin, Gallocatechin, Isoquercitrin, Luteolin, p-Coumaric acid, Quercetin, Rosmarinic acid, Rutin and Thymol were determined in this Scorzonera species