Die optische Kohärenztomographie zur Diagnostik früher neurodegenerativer Veränderungen der Retina bei pädiatrischen Patienten mit einem Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 oder einer chronischen Nierenerkrankung

Anhand dieser Querschnittsstudie sollte evaluiert werden, ob und inwieweit eine Neurodegeneration an der Retina im Rahmen eines Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 oder einer beginnenden chronischen Nierenerkrankung bereits bei pädiatrischen Patienten nachgewiesen werden kann. Unter Verwendung eines SPECTRALIS OCT-Gerätes wurden die OCT-Daten von 29 Kindern und Jugendlichen mit einem T1DM sowie von 15 Patienten mit einer CKD und von 30 gleichaltrigen gesunden Probanden verglichen. In beiden Patiengruppen ließen sich im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe signifikante Veränderungen der Retina nachweisen

The corneal subbasal nerve plexus and thickness of the retinal layers in pediatric type 1 diabetes and matched controls

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the retina and corneal confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of the subbasal nerve plexus (SBP) are noninvasive techniques for quantification of the ocular neurodegenerative changes in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In adult T1DM patients these changes are hardly related to T1DM only. Instead, ageing and/or lifestyle associated comorbidities have to be considered as putative confounding variables. Therefore, we investigated pediatric T1DM patients (n = 28; 14.2 ± 2.51 y; duration of disease: 5.39 ± 4.16 y) without clinical signs of diabetic retina disease, neuropathy, vasculopathy or nephropathy and compared our findings with those obtained in healthy controls (n = 46; 14.8 ± 1.89 y). The SBP was characterized by the averaged length, thickness, and tortuosity of nerve fibers as well as the number of branching and connecting points. OCT was used to determine the total thickness of the retina (ALL) and the thickness of each retinal layer. Both methods revealed signs of early neurodegenerative changes, e.g. thinning of distinct retinal layers at the pericentral ring and shortening of corneal nerve fibers that are already present in pediatric T1DM patients. Standardization of instruments and algorithms are urgently required to enable uniform comparison between different groups and define normative values to introduce in the clinical setting

Câncer de mama: investigando os efeitos do uso de agrotóxicos nesta neoplasia

This study aimed to study the incidence of breast cancer and its relation with the use of pesticides through theoretical reference. Breast cancer has grown to a large extent and when malignant, its cells are aggressive, dividing rapidly, forming tumors. When it is not possible to control those cells, it begins to metastasized, dividing themselves through the body. In Brazil, the agro toxins usage has grown extensively on the last decades, as well as the incidence of breast cancer. Therefore, this study was accomplished as a descriptive search and qualitative, as a bibliographic reference regarding to investigations on the usage of agro toxins and its association with breast cancer incidence. Articles exposed on PubMed, Scielo and Scopus data bank were utilized at the process of research, during the period of 2013 to 2017. The main keywords utilized on the search were: agro toxins; breast cancer. A reading of the titles and summaries from the articles was achieved as a previous selection, to evaluate if the approached themes agreed with the goal of this study, the ones that did not coincided were discarded. The exclusion criteria of the articles collected were (1) review and meta-analysis articles, (2) articles developed on different languages that not the Portuguese, English and Spanish and (3) published year inferior than 2013. As observed result, the evidence of breast cancer and pesticides are not so great, but it is worth mentioning findings in organochlorines, there was a higher incidence of risk of developing the disease.Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a incidência de câncer de mama e sua relação com a utilização de agrotóxicos através de referencial teórico. O câncer de mama vem crescendo em grande proporção e quando maligno, suas células são agressivas, se dividindo rapidamente, formando tumores. Quando o controle dessas células não é possível, se transformam em metástase, assim se dividindo para todo o corpo. No Brasil, o uso de agrotóxicos vem crescendo muito nas últimas décadas bem como a alta incidência de câncer de mama. Desta forma, neste trabalho, foi realizado um estudo descritivo, qualitativo na forma de revisão bibliográfica relacionada à investigação do uso de agrotóxicos relacionado à incidência do câncer de mama. Foram usados no processo de pesquisa artigos disponíveis nos bancos de dados PubMed, Scielo e Scopus no período compreendido entre os anos de 2013 e 2017. As principais palavras-chave utilizadas na busca de referências foram: agrotóxicos; câncer de mama. Foi realizada a leitura do título e do resumo dos artigos encontrados, como pré-seleção, para avaliar se a temática abordada no trabalho coincidia com o objetivo desta revisão, e aqueles que não se enquadravam foram descartados. Os critérios de exclusão dos artigos encontrados foram (1) artigos de revisão e meta-análise, (2) artigos em línguas que não a portuguesa, inglesa ou espanhola e (3) ano de publicação anterior a 2013. Como resultado observado, não são tão grandes as evidências de câncer de mama e agrotóxicos, mas vale ressaltar achados em organoclorados, houve maior incidência de probabilidades de risco de desenvolvimento da doença

The consumption of insects in Switzerland ::university-based perspectives of entomophagy

Although insects have long been part of the human diet in many countries, they are poorly received and accepted in European and North American countries. Therefore, this cross-sectional observational study, based on a structured questionnaire, aimed to evaluate the level of acceptability of entomophagy among young adults in a Swiss university context. The variable “acceptability of consuming insects” (ACI) was calculated according to the perception of entomophagy of each participant. The ACI was related to various socio-demographic and behavioral aspects. A total of 290 responses were validated and analyzed. The mean ACI score was 3.7 out of 6.0 (SD 1.1). Most participants responded that the most likely reason for eating insect foods was curiosity. The most common reason for not eating such foods was disgust. None of the socio-demographic variables showed a significant association with ACI. Generally, participants in this study showed a potential interest in entomophagy—on a theoretical level, as measured here by the ACI. In practice, however, there are still barriers, including disgust, which contribute to the low consumption of these foods, at least in Switzerland

Idiopathic Mast Cell Activation Syndrome With Associated Salicylate Intolerance

Idiopathic mast cell activation syndrome can be a rare cause for chronic abdominal pain in children. It remains a diagnosis by exclusion that can be particularly challenging due to the vast variety of possible clinical manifestations. We present a 13-year-old boy who suffered from a multitude of unspecific complaints over a long period of time. In this case, an assessment of mast cell-derived metabolites and immunohistochemical analysis of bioptic specimen was worthwhile. After ruling out, primary (oncologic) and secondary causes for mast cell activation, pharmacologic treatment adapted to the patient’s salicylate intolerance resulted in a major relief of symptoms

table_1.DOC

<p>Idiopathic mast cell activation syndrome can be a rare cause for chronic abdominal pain in children. It remains a diagnosis by exclusion that can be particularly challenging due to the vast variety of possible clinical manifestations. We present a 13-year-old boy who suffered from a multitude of unspecific complaints over a long period of time. In this case, an assessment of mast cell-derived metabolites and immunohistochemical analysis of bioptic specimen was worthwhile. After ruling out, primary (oncologic) and secondary causes for mast cell activation, pharmacologic treatment adapted to the patient’s salicylate intolerance resulted in a major relief of symptoms.</p