1,171 research outputs found
Eyes wide shut? UK consumer perceptions on aviation climate impacts and travel decisions to New Zealand
The purview of climate change concern has implicated air travel, as evidenced in a growing body of academic literature concerned with aviation CO2 emissions. This article assesses the relevance of climate change to long haul air travel decisions to New Zealand for United Kingdom consumers. Based on 15 semi-structured open-ended interviews conducted in Bournemouth, UK during June 2009, it was found that participants were unlikely to forgo potential travel decisions to New Zealand because of concern over air travel emissions. Underpinning the intervieweesâ understandings and responses to air travelâs climate impact was a spectrum of awareness and attitudes to air travel and climate change. This spectrum ranged from individuals who were unaware of air travelâs climate impact to those who were beginning to consume air travel with a âcarbon conscienceâ. Within this spectrum were some who were aware of the impact but not willing to change their travel behaviours at all. Rather than implicating long haul air travel, the empirical evidence instead exemplifies changing perceptions towards frequent short haul air travel and voices calls for both government and media in the UK to deliver more concrete messages on air travelâs climate impact
ATLAS Pixel Module Assembly in Dortmund
The ATLAS Pixel detector is the inner- most substructure of the multi-purpose LHC ex- periment ATLAS at CERN and part of the track- ing system. The Pixel vertex system will consist of 1744 hybrid pixel modules, about 280 of them have been assembled at the University of Dortmund. This work provides a detailed description of the ATLAS Pixel module assembly procedure executed at the University of Dortmund. Effort had been put into the developement of a laboratory and testing environment to fulfill all technical demands of a se- rial production of fully efficent pixel modules
Exploring length of stay: International tourism in south-western Norway
This article explored length of stay (LOS) in the context of tour planning, to assess as to whether LOS can be increased. LOS is an important parameter for tourism destination management, at the same time as evidence have suggested that LOS is declining on a global scale. The study was based on responses from 1592 foreign leisure travellers in south-western Norway, a region dominated by round-trips. The study uniquely explored aspects that influenced visitor planning of length of stay, finding that perceptions of time âneededâ for desired activities is the most important aspect of holiday duration planning, followed by limitations in the number of vacation days, holiday budgets and accommodation-related considerations. Visitors with a focus on the region, those with their own vehicles and those emphasising outdoor recreation and/or landscape sightseeing were likely to have longer stays. Findings suggested that destinations have potential to increase LOS. The paper additionally reflected on how identification of tourist segments with flexible time frames can contribute to destination management focused on LOS.publishedVersio
Net-zero aviation: Transition barriers and radical climate policy design implications
While air transport decarbonization is theoretically feasible, less attention has been paid to the complexity incurred in various âtransition barriersâ that act as roadblocks to net-zero goals. A total of 40 barriers related to mitigation, management, technology and fuel transition, finance, and governance are identified. As these make decarbonization uncertain, the paper analyzes air transport system's growth, revenue, and profitability. Over the period 1978â2022, global aviation has generated marginal profits of US202082 billion in total. Low profitability makes it unlikely that the sector can finance the fuel transition cost, at US$0.5â2.1 trillion (Dray et al. 2022). Four radical policy scenarios for air transport futures are developed. All are characterized by âlimitationsâ, such as CO2 taxes, a carbon budget, alternative fuel obligations, or available capacity. Scenario runs suggest that all policy scenarios will more reliably lead to net-zero than the continued volume growth model pursued by airlines
Raman Response of Magnetic Excitations in Cuprate Ladders and Planes
An unified picture for the Raman response of magnetic excitations in cuprate
spin-ladder compounds is obtained by comparing calculated two-triplon Raman
line-shapes with those of the prototypical compounds SrCu2O3 (Sr123),
Sr14Cu24O41 (Sr14), and La6Ca8Cu24O41 (La6Ca8). The theoretical model for the
two-leg ladder contains Heisenberg exchange couplings J_parallel and J_perp
plus an additional four-spin interaction J_cyc. Within this model Sr123 and
Sr14 can be described by x:=J_parallel/J_perp=1.5, x_cyc:=J_cyc/J_perp=0.2,
J_perp^Sr123=1130 cm^-1 and J_perp^Sr14=1080 cm^-1. The couplings found for
La6Ca8 are x=1.2, x_cyc=0.2, and J_perp^La6Ca8=1130 cm^-1. The unexpected sharp
two-triplon peak in the ladder materials compared to the undoped
two-dimensional cuprates can be traced back to the anisotropy of the magnetic
exchange in rung and leg direction. With the results obtained for the isotropic
ladder we calculate the Raman line-shape of a two-dimensional square lattice
using a toy model consisting of a vertical and a horizontal ladder. A direct
comparison of these results with Raman experiments for the two-dimensional
cuprates R2CuO4 (R=La,Nd), Sr2CuO2Cl2, and YBa2Cu3O(6+delta) yields a good
agreement for the dominating two-triplon peak. We conclude that short range
quantum fluctuations are dominating the magnetic Raman response in both,
ladders and planes. We discuss possible scenarios responsible for the
high-energy spectral weight of the Raman line-shape, i.e. phonons, the
triple-resonance and multi-particle contributions.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure
Drivers of success in implementing sustainable tourism policies in urban areas
The existing literature in the field of sustainable tourism highlights a number of barriers that impede the implementation of policies in this area. Yet, not many studies have so far considered the factors that would contribute to putting this concept into practice, and few address the case of urban areas. The concept of sustainability has only received limited attention in urban tourism research, even though large cities are recognised as one of the most important tourist destinations that attract vast numbers of visitors. Adopting a case study approach, this paper discusses a number of drivers of success identified by policy-makers in London to contribute to the implementation of sustainable tourisms policies at the local level, and briefly looks at the relationship between these drivers and the constraints perceived by the respondents to hinder the implementation of such policies in practice. These findings may help policy-makers in other large cities to successfully develop and implement policies towards sustainable development of tourism in their area
From dwindling ice to headwater lakes: could dams replace glaciers in the European Alps?
The potential exploitation of areas becoming ice-free in response to ongoing climate change has rarely been addressed, although it could be of interest from the water management perspective. Here we present an estimate for the potential of mitigating projected changes in seasonal water availability from melting glaciers by managing runoff through reservoirs. For the European Alps we estimate that by the end of the century, such a strategy could offset up to 65% of the expected summer-runoff changes from presently glacierized surfaces. A first-order approach suggests that the retention volume potentially available in the areas becoming deglacierized is in excess of the volume required for achieving the maximal possible mitigation by more than one order of magnitude. Obviously, however, such a strategy cannot compensate for the reduction in annual runoff caused by glacier ice depletion. Our estimates indicate that by 2070â2099, 0.73 ± 0.67 km3 aâ1 of this non-renewable component of the water cycle could be missing in Alpine water supplies
Pion-induced damage in silicon detectors
The damage induced by pions in silicon detectors is studied for positive and negative pions for fluence up to 10(14)cm-2 and 10(13) cm-2 respectively. Results on the energy dependence of the damage in the region of 65-330 MeV near to the resonance are presented. The change in detector characteristics such as leakage current, charge collection efficiency and effective impurity concentration including long-term annealing effects have been studied. Comparisons to neutron and proton-induced damage are presented and discussed
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