Plant surfaces as vehicles of Bacillus cereus responsible of human food poisoning

• Introduction A major concern in food safety is the contamination of fresh and stored food with spoiling bacteria that provoke human poisoning. Bacillus cereus is a common food-borne pathogen responsible of important poisoning outbreaks and severe bacteraemia and septicaemia. Poisoning caused by B. cereus is classified in two main categories: emetic and diarrheic. The emetic poisoning is correlated to the production of cereulide. This toxin is very heat stable, and it can be produced in the food contaminated by B. cereus cells. Diarrheic poisoning is provoked by the enterotoxin hemolysin BL, the non-hemolytic enterotoxin and the cytotoxin K. • Objective To study the interaction of B. cereus with plants as a bacteria reservoir, and in ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables. • Materials & Methods A collection of strains implicated in food-borne outbreaks were tested in vitro for a battery of phenotypes related to bacterial multicellular behaviour and thus interaction with host. 1. Solid or liquid media were used to study biofilm formation, motility or adhesion to surfaces. 2. Leaves, fruits and vegetables (melon leaf, cucumber leaf and fruit and endive) were used to study the persistence of B. cereus over time and their distribution and organization by electron microscopy. • Results All the strains behaved similarly in vitro, only some persisted on plant surfaces. Among them, the emetic strain AH187 was selected because bacterial cells persisted on a concentration of 104-105 CFU per gram of leaf, vegetable or fruit, with a sporulation rate of 40%. The electron microscopy images showed the organization of bacteria in well-developed biofilms with visible extracellular matrix. Finally, mass spectrometry analysis proved the presence of some isoforms of cereluide on the different surfaces. • Conclusion The fact that cells of B. cereus persist in leaf surface mainly as vegetative cells are indicative of their ability to adapt to the physico-chemical changeable phyllosphere, and thus to produce the emetic toxin cereulide. The presence of spores, and the formation of biofilms can be indicative of the versatile adhesive properties of this strain to diverse surfaces. Altogether are supportive of the importance of plant surfaces either as reservoir of bacterial cells or as vehicles for further contamination and food poisoning.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Nuevamente sobre la legitimación

Se analiza la legitimación en el derecho procesa

No further gravitational wave modes in F(T)F(T) gravity

We explore the possibility of further gravitational wave modes in $F(T)$ gravity, where $T$ is the torsion scalar in teleparallelism. It is explicitly demonstrated that gravitational wave modes in $F(T)$ gravity are equivalent to those in General Relativity. This result is achieved by calculating the Minkowskian limit for a class of analytic function of $F(T)$. This consequence is also confirmed by the preservative analysis around the flat background in the weak field limit with the scalar-tensor representation of $F(T)$ gravity.Comment: 7 pages, no figure, version accepted for publication in Physics Letters

Effect of a biostimulant on bermudagrass fall color retention and spring green-up

[EN] Field research was conducted in 2017-2019 on "Princess 77" bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) to determine whether an amino acid based biostimulant program applied in the late season (October-November) and early season (March-April) could extend fall color retention (FCR) or hasten the spring green-up (SGU), respectively. Bermudagrass was treated with the biostimulant under five different managements: non-treated; 6 times at 5 L ha(-1) weekly; 3 times at 5 L ha(-1) in a 14-day interval; 6 times at 10 L ha(-1) weekly; and 3 times at 10 L ha(-1) in a 14-day interval. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and visual ratings (turf green color and percentage of green coverage in the subplot) were determined weekly, and turf clipping dry weight for the SGU studies. At the end of the FCR studies (2017 and 2018), there was no effect of the biostimulant; although, some isolated positive effects were detected during the experiment in 2017 on bermudagrass treated weekly at 10 L ha(-1) for NDVI. However, there was a slight positive effect on SGU when this physiological process occurred slowly (year 2018) and the biostimulant was applied weekly at 10 L ha(-1) (4.4 kg N ha(-1)), compared to another performed management and warmer years (2017 and 2019).De Luca, V.; Gómez De Barreda, D. (2021). Effect of a biostimulant on bermudagrass fall color retention and spring green-up. Agronomy. 11(3):1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030608S111113Anderson, J. A., Taliaferro, C. M., & Martin, D. L. (1993). Evaluating Freeze Tolerance of Bermudagrass in a Controlled Environment. HortScience, 28(9), 955. doi:10.21273/hortsci.28.9.955Gatschet, M. J., Taliaferro, C. M., Anderson, J. A., Porter, D. R., & Anderson, M. P. (1994). Cold Acclimation and Alterations in Protein Synthesis in Bermudagrass Crowns. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 119(3), 477-480. doi:10.21273/jashs.119.3.477Harlan, J. R., & Wet, J. M. J. (1969). Sources of Variation in Cynodon dactylon (L). Pers. 1. Crop Science, 9(6), 774-778. doi:10.2135/cropsci1969.0011183x000900060031xPinnix, G. D., Miller, G. L., Bowman, D. C., & Grabow, G. L. (2018). Color, Transfer, and Application Parameters of Turfgrass Colorants. Agronomy Journal, 110(1), 66-76. doi:10.2134/agronj2017.03.0164Goatley, J. M., Maddox, V. L., & Hensler, K. L. (1998). Late-season Applications of Various Nitrogen Sources Affect Color and Carbohydrate Content of `Tiflawn’ and Arizona Common Bermudagrass. HortScience, 33(4), 692-695. doi:10.21273/hortsci.33.4.692Goatley, J. M., Maddox, V. L., Lang, D. L., Elmore, R. E., & Stewart, B. R. (2005). Temporary Covers Maintain Fall Bermudagras Quality, Enhance Spring Greenup, and Increase Stem Carbohydrate Levels. HortScience, 40(1), 227-231. doi:10.21273/hortsci.40.1.227Kuti, J. O., Gans, S., Hayes, J. C., & Tucker, W. (1998). The Response of Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) to Microorganisms and Humate Soil Inoculations. HortScience, 33(3), 449d-449. doi:10.21273/hortsci.33.3.449dMunshaw, G. C., Ervin, E. H., Shang, C., Askew, S. D., Zhang, X., & Lemus, R. W. (2006). Influence of Late‐Season Iron, Nitrogen, and Seaweed Extract on Fall Color Retention and Cold Tolerance of Four Bermudagrass Cultivars. Crop Science, 46(1), 273-283. doi:10.2135/cropsci2005.0078Richardson, M. D. (2002). Turf Quality and Freezing Tolerance of ‘Tifway’ Bermudagrass as Affected by Late‐Season Nitrogen and Trinexapac‐Ethyl. Crop Science, 42(5), 1621-1626. doi:10.2135/cropsci2002.1621Rimi, F., Macolino, S., Richardson, M. D., Karcher, D. E., & Leinauer, B. (2013). Influence of Three Nitrogen Fertilization Schedules on Bermudagrass and Seashore Paspalum: I. Spring Green-up and Fall Color Retention. Crop Science, 53(3), 1161-1167. doi:10.2135/cropsci2012.09.0562White, R. H., & Schmidt, R. E. (1990). Fall Performance and Post-dormancy Growth of `Midiron’ Bermudagrass in Response to Nitrogen, Iron, and Benzyladenine. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 115(1), 57-61. doi:10.21273/jashs.115.1.57Barton, L., & Colmer, T. D. (2006). Irrigation and fertiliser strategies for minimising nitrogen leaching from turfgrass. Agricultural Water Management, 80(1-3), 160-175. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2005.07.011Du Jardin, P. (2015). Plant biostimulants: Definition, concept, main categories and regulation. Scientia Horticulturae, 196, 3-14. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2015.09.021Bulgari, R., Cocetta, G., Trivellini, A., Vernieri, P., & Ferrante, A. (2014). Biostimulants and crop responses: a review. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 31(1), 1-17. doi:10.1080/01448765.2014.964649Radersma, S., & Smit, A. L. (2011). Assessing denitrification and N leaching in a field with organic amendments. NJAS: Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 58(1-2), 21-29. doi:10.1016/j.njas.2010.06.001Botta, A. (2013). ENHANCING PLANT TOLERANCE TO TEMPERATURE STRESS WITH AMINO ACIDS: AN APPROACH TO THEIR MODE OF ACTION. Acta Horticulturae, (1009), 29-35. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2013.1009.1Krishnan, S., Laskowski, K., Shukla, V., & Merewitz, E. B. (2013). Mitigation of Drought Stress Damage by Exogenous Application of a Non-Protein Amino Acid γ– Aminobutyric Acid on Perennial Ryegrass. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 138(5), 358-366. doi:10.21273/jashs.138.5.358Hu, L., Hu, T., Zhang, X., Pang, H., & Fu, J. (2012). Exogenous Glycine Betaine Ameliorates the Adverse Effect of Salt Stress on Perennial Ryegrass. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 137(1), 38-46. doi:10.21273/jashs.137.1.38Aamlid, T. S., Kvalbein, A., & Pettersen, T. (2017). Evaluation of an Amino‐Acid‐Based Fertilizer for Grow‐In of Creeping Bentgrass Putting Greens. Crop Science, 57(S1). doi:10.2135/cropsci2016.09.0812Radkowski, A., Radkowska, I., Bocianowski, J., Sladkovska, T., & Wolski, K. (2020). The Effect of Foliar Application of an Amino Acid-Based Biostimulant on Lawn Functional Value. Agronomy, 10(11), 1656. doi:10.3390/agronomy10111656Stiegler, J. C., Richardson, M. D., Karcher, D. E., Roberts, T. L., & Norman, R. J. (2013). Foliar Absorption of Various Inorganic and Organic Nitrogen Sources by Creeping Bentgrass. Crop Science, 53(3), 1148-1152. doi:10.2135/cropsci2012.08.0511Schiavon, M., Macolino, S., Leinauer, B., & Ziliotto, U. (2015). Seasonal Changes in Carbohydrate and Protein Content of Seeded Bermudagrasses and Their Effect on Spring Green‐Up. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 202(2), 151-160. doi:10.1111/jac.12135Rimi, F., Macolino, S., Leinauer, B., & Ziliotto, U. (2011). Green-up of Seeded Bermudagrass Cultivars as Influenced by Spring Scalping. HortTechnology, 21(2), 230-235. doi:10.21273/horttech.21.2.230NTEP Turfgrass Evaluation Guidelines. Natl. Turfgrass Evaluation Progr. Beltsville, MDhttp://www.ntep.org/reports/bg13/bg13_18-14f/bg13_18-14f.htmAEMEThttp://www.aemet.es/es/portadaZhang, X., Wang, K., Ervin, E. H., Waltz, C., & Murphy, T. (2011). Metabolic Changes During Cold Acclimation and Deacclimation in Five Bermudagrass Varieties. I. Proline, Total Amino Acid, Protein, and Dehydrin Expression. Crop Science, 51(2), 838-846. doi:10.2135/cropsci2010.06.0345Colla, G., Hoagland, L., Ruzzi, M., Cardarelli, M., Bonini, P., Canaguier, R., & Rouphael, Y. (2017). Biostimulant Action of Protein Hydrolysates: Unraveling Their Effects on Plant Physiology and Microbiome. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8. doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.02202Xu, Y., & Huang, B. (2010). Responses of Creeping Bentgrass to Trinexapac-ethyl and Biostimulants under Summer Stress. HortScience, 45(1), 125-131. doi:10.21273/hortsci.45.1.125Yakhin, O. I., Lubyanov, A. A., Yakhin, I. A., & Brown, P. H. (2017). Biostimulants in Plant Science: A Global Perspective. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.02049Poulter, R. (2014). COMPARISON OF COMPOST AND A SANDY LOAM AS TURF UNDERLAY MATERIALS ON SALT-AFFECTED PARKLAND. Acta Horticulturae, (1018), 125-131. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2014.1018.10Bell, G. E., Martin, D. L., Wiese, S. G., Dobson, D. D., Smith, M. W., Stone, M. L., & Solie, J. B. (2002). Vehicle-Mounted Optical Sensing. Crop Science, 42(1), 197. doi:10.2135/cropsci2002.0197E. Fitz Rodríguez, & C. Y. Choi. (2002). MONITORING TURFGRASS QUALITY USING MULTISPECTRAL RADIOMETRY. Transactions of the ASAE, 45(3). doi:10.13031/2013.8839Jiang, Y., & Carrow, R. N. (2005). Assessment of Narrow-band Canopy Spectral Reflectance and Turfgrass Performance under Drought Stress. HortScience, 40(1), 242-245. doi:10.21273/hortsci.40.1.242Lee, H., Bremer, D. J., Su, K., & Keeley, S. J. (2011). Relationships between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Visual Quality in Turfgrasses: Effects of Mowing Height. Crop Science, 51(1), 323-332. doi:10.2135/cropsci2010.05.0296Trenholm, L. E., Carrow, R. N., & Duncan, R. R. (1999). Relationship of Multispectral Radiometry Data to Qualitative Data in Turfgrass Research. Crop Science, 39(3), 763-769. doi:10.2135/cropsci1999.0011183x003900030025xPercent Winterkill Ratings of Bermudagrass Cultivars, 2013–2017. Natl. Turfgrass Evaluation Progr. Beltsville, MDhttp://www.ntep.org/data/bg13/bg13_18-12/bg1318t16b.txtMcCoy, R. M., Meyer, G. W., Rhodes, D., Murray, G. C., Sors, T. G., & Widhalm, J. R. (2020). Exploratory Study on the Foliar Incorporation and Stability of Isotopically Labeled Amino Acids Applied to Turfgrass. Agronomy, 10(3), 358. doi:10.3390/agronomy10030358Guertal, E. A. (2004). Boron Fertilization of Bentgrass. Crop Science, 44(1), 204. doi:10.2135/cropsci2004.0204Magnesium for Florida Turfgrasseshttp://edis.ifas.ufl.edu

Black Holes, Cosmological Solutions, Future Singularities, and Their Thermodynamical Properties in Modified Gravity Theories

Along this review, we focus on the study of several properties of modified gravity theories, in particular on black-hole solutions and its comparison with those solutions in General Relativity, and on Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker metrics. The thermodynamical properties of fourth order gravity theories are also a subject of this investigation with special attention on local and global stability of paradigmatic f(R) models. In addition, we revise some attempts to extend the Cardy-Verlinde formula, including modified gravity, where a relation between entropy bounds is obtained. Moreover, a deep study on cosmological singularities, which appear as a real possibility for some kind of modified gravity theories, is performed, and the validity of the entropy bounds is studied

A Wavelet neural network for detection of signals in communications

Our objective is the design and simulation of an efficient system for detection of signals in communications in terms of speed and computational complexity. The proposed scheme takes advantage of two powerful frameworks in signal processing: Wavelets and Neural Networks. The decision system will take a decision based on the computation of the a priori probabilities of the input signal. For the estimation of such probability density functions, a Wavelet Neural Network (WNN) has been chosen. The election has arosen under the following considerations: (a) neural networks have been established as a general approximation tool for fitting nonlinear models from input/output data and (b) the increasing popularity of the wavelet decomposition as a powerful tool for approximation. The integration of the above factors leads to the wavelet neural network concept. This network preserve the universal approximation property of wavelet series, with the advantage of the speed and efficient computation of a neural network architecture. The topology and learning algorithm of the network will provide an efficient approximation to the required probability density functions

Recent developments for the calculation of elastic and non-elastic breakup of weakly-bound nuclei

In this contribution, we review some recent theoretical advances for the calculation of breakup cross sections in reactions induced by weakly-bound nuclei.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad FIS2013-41994-P, CSD2007-00042Junta de Andalucía FQM160, P07-FQM-02894European Commission 60037

Management of odonto-stomatological emergencies during the COVID-19 alarm state in dental clinics in the Autonomous Community of Madrid (CAM), Spain:an observational study

Odontology practice has been severely compromised by the pandemic caused by COVID-19 and Spain is one of the countries with higher incidence. Our aim with this study is to find out the number of cases and type of odonto-stomatological emergencies (OSE) treated in four dental clinics of the Madrid capital area and region (CAM) in the period covered between March 17th and 4th of May. We search the cases in the demographic/epidemiological databases of the CAM regional government and the Illustrious Official College of Dentists and Stomatologists of the First Region (Madrid). We found that the most prevalent pathology was acute apical periodontitis whereas odontogenic abscess showed the lowest frequency. Prosthetic-orthodontic OSE represented 14% of cases. In this period of time, the most prevalent pathology acute apical periodontitis, odontogenic abscess reported the lowest frequency and prosthetic-orthodontic treatments were the third in number of cases. Most of OSE were resolved, without referring the patient to a hospital emergency department

Genetic study in patients operated dentally and anesthetized with articaine-epinephrine

Aims: In this study we wanted to figure out if there was a correlation between OPRM1 N40D, TRPV1 I316M, TRPV1 I585V, NOS3 −786T>C and IL6 −174C>G polymorphisms and the response to locally applied articaine-epinephrine anesthetic. Methods: In this observational study, 114 oral cell samples of patients anesthetized with articaine-epinephrine (54 from men 60 from women), were collected from dental centers in Madrid (Spain). High molecular weight DNA was obtained from oral mucosa cells. The analysis of OPRM1 N40D (rs1799971), TRPV1 I316M (rs222747), TRPV1 I585V (rs8065080) and IL6 −174C>G polymorphism was performed through real-time PCR allelic discrimination using TaqMan probes. Polymorphism NOS3 −786T> C (rs2070744) was analyzed using RFLP-PCR. Results: The studied polymorphisms are involved neither in the response to the anesthetic, nor in the intensity of perceived dental pain. However, in a subset of female patients we found that TRPV1 I316M was associated with a delayed onset of anesthesia. Conclusions: There is no association among these polymorphisms and the time elapsed between the application of the anesthetic and the onset of its effect

Comportamiento de las firmas de contadores públicos en el municipio Maracaibo

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el comportamiento de las firmas de contadores públicos del municipio Maracaibo, estado Zulia-Venezuela, con el propósito de dar aportes para mejorar la formación académica del contador público. El estudio es de tipo descriptivo, de campo, no experimental, se aplicó una encuesta a veinticuatro (24) firmas que visan sus estados financieros en el Colegio de Contadores Públicos del Estado Zulia, seleccionadas aleatoriamente. Los resultados obtenidos muestran un estancamiento en el crecimiento de las firmas de contadores públicos de la región y diversificación de los servicios ofrecidos como respuesta a las actuales exigencias del mercado. Se concluye que la contaduría se encuentra en un proceso de transformación, donde se exige mayor responsabilidad en la ejecución del trabajo, siendo necesario adaptar los programas académicos a las nuevas necesidades del ámbito laboral