Hábitos de participación deportiva en la práctica del surfing : el caso de los surfistas federados que compiten en el circuito gallego

[Resumen] La rápida implantación del surfing en España y Galicia a partir de los años 80, acompaña el desarrollo de un nuevo modelo de participación deportiva especialmente relacionado con las actividades en la naturaleza; sus características de práctica y filosofía de crecimiento aportan a sus practicantes una alternativa a un plantemiento más elaborado, institucionalizado y definido. Las nuevas prácticas en la naturaleza recogen las caracterísitca postmodernas, para adaptarse y satisfacer las nuevas necesidades de los individuos, en una sociedad dinámica y cargada de incertidumbre. El surfing se instala como referencia de los nuevos deportes de deslizamiento, representan lo alternativo, la libertad, en ocasiones la subcultura y contra-cultura deportiva de los deportes "glisse"; y como tal ha merecido el estudio sobre todo localizaciones como Hawaii, California y Australia. El conocimiento de este deporte se observa todavia limitado, con gran cantidad de cuestiones sin resolver, y aspectos de su desarrollo por atender. Su práctica en las playas como espacios públicos, muy frecuentados por gran parte de la población, le confiere un gran potencial de expansión; y las emociones que transmite con su simple observación, representan los primeros pasos para que el surfing se consolide definitivamente como un elemento más del paisaje en nuestras costas. Este trabajo supone un acercamiento al conocimiento de la práctica del surfing en Galicia, de su población de practicantes, de la forma en que su realización se lleva a cabo; como tal, trata de explorar y describir una realidad todavía no estudiada, y por ello con interesantes aspectos por descubrir. Para desarrollar este trabajo, se ha considerado una distribución en dos partes complementarias: una primera dedicada a la consideración de un marco teórico acerca del estudio del deporte, de la participación deportiva en general, y de las prácticas en la naturaleza y el surfing en particular. Suponene dos capítulos dentro de este marco teórico que además tratan de aproximar al estado de la cuestión en el estudio del surfing como práctica deportiva, como estilo de vida y como subcultura. Una segunda parte, en la que se ha definido el estudio empírico, concretando el problema, sus objetivos, método, y presentando además los resultados, la discusión, conclusiones y líneas de investigación futuras. La finalidad de todo ello es poder aportar un grado más de conocimiento sobre ámbito del deporte, y más concretamente sobre el surfing, que permita comprender mejor la realidad de las prácticas de deslizamiento

Handball training and competition with facemasks in Galicia: the FISICOVID-DXTGALEGO protocols experience

[Abstract]: Objective: COVID-19 caused a complete stop in non-professional sports. The use of face masks for team sports is not a widely used measure in non-professional sports. The study aimed to evaluate the perception about using the mask and the adaptation difficulties related to training and competition in team sports following the FISICOVID-DXTGALEGO protocol. Methods: Seven hundred eighty-seven handball players from the Galician Handball Federation were followed during their return to participation after months of confinement through an electronic questionnaire of perception and experience on the use of a mask. Results: There is an excellent adaptation to the mask in training and competition with medium and high correlations. The 86,41% of players reported an adaptation to the mask in 3 weeks with a three times a week training frequency. The negative opinion on the mask was drastically reduced (-66.86%) after use. The 80,44%of players considered the use of a mask as an essential measure to resume competitions. Conclusions: It is very feasible to adapt to training and compete with amask (hygienic or surgical) in a short period. The use of a mask following these protocols changed previous opinions on the disadvantages of the mask during training and competition

Perception of the Sports Social Environment After the Development and Implementation of an Identification Tool for Contagious Risk Situations in Sports During the COVID-19 Pandemic

[Abstract] This study details the methodological process for creating a tool for the identification of COVID-19 potential contagion situations in sports and physical education before, during, and after practice and competition. It is a tool that implies an educational and methodological process with all the agents of the sports system. This tool identifies the large number of interactions occurring through sports action and everything that surrounds it in training, competition, and organization. The aim is to prepare contingency protocols based on an exhaustive analysis, risk detection, and proposal of contingency measures trying to reduce the residual risk to a minimum. In the second part, the results of the implementation of this tool in the sports system of Galicia (Spain) are shown. The technicians have changed their perceptions about the coronavirus transmission in sports. They highlight the problem for returning to sports participation for athletes under 18 years in the pandemic context

Reactivation of Spanish Active Tourism Activities to the ‘New Normality’ Situation COVID-19: Documentary Analysis on Its Regulation, Recommendations, Proposals, and Protocols

[Resumen] Tras los efectos de la pandemia de la COVID-19, la reactivación del turismo activo (TA) ante la “nueva normalidad” afronta un reto de adaptación para el desarrollo de sus actividades al tener que regular y establecer medidas de protección ante el contagio. Se realiza una revisión y análisis documental sobre las fuentes legislativas, institucionales y de entidades del sector del TA en el marco español. El proceso de reincorporación implica la adopción de estrategias que afectan al número y tipo de participantes, la distancia interpersonal, gestión de espacios, desinfección, barreras de protección, el diseño de actividades y guiado de clientes. En su elaboración se consideran procesos sinérgicos y de consenso entre las diferentes entidades relacionadas, adoptando el reajuste del mercado, promoción y gestión operativa de las actividades; generando además regulaciones, recomendaciones y nuevas metodologías para el diseño de protocolos y planes de contingencia ante la gran heterogeneidad de escenarios. Palabras clave: turismo activo; turismo de aventura, análisis documental, reactivación, protección, COVID-19[Abstract] In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the active tourism sector is facing a huge challenge to adapt its activities to comply with a host of new regulations and protection measures against the spread of the virus. This study consists of a documentary review and analysis of the legislative, institutional and sectoral regulations, recommendations, proposals and protocols introduced to deal with the situation in Spain. The reactivation of the sector requires new measures to avoid infection, including restrictions on the number and type of participants, interpersonal distance, space management, disinfection, protection barriers, modification of activities and customer guidance. Revival strategies include the promotion of synergies and consensus between the different bodies affected by the crisis to agree measures for the promotion, market readjustment and operational management of tourism activities, together with regulations, recommendations and methodologies for the design of protocols and contingency plans to deal with a multitude of possible scenarios

Identification Tool for Potential Infectious Situations in Sport: FISICOVID-DXTGALEGO (Xunta de Galicia)

[Resumen] Este trabajo detalla la creación, desarrollo e integración de la herramienta FISICOVID-DXTGALEGO. Su principal objetivo es detectar situaciones de potencial contagio de la COVID-19 en el deporte, así como proponer medidas de contingencia intentando reducir el riesgo residual al mínimo. En el presente artículo se describe el funcionamiento de la misma dentro del sistema deportivo de la comunidad autónoma de Galicia, conformado alrededor de 300 especialidades deportivas en 58 federaciones autonómicas colaborando con la Secretaría Xeral para o Deporte. Se trata de una herramienta que lleva implícito un proceso metodológico y educativo con todos los agentes del sistema deportivo para identificar el gran número de interacciones que se dan en la acción deportiva y todo lo que la rodea en el entrenamiento, la competición y su organización.[Abstract] This work details the creation, development and integration of the FISICOVID-DXTGALEGO tool. Its main objective is to detect situations of potential contagion of COVID-19 in sport, as well as to propose contingency measures trying to reduce residual risk to a minimum. This article describes the operation of the tool within the sports system of the autonomous community of Galicia, made up of 300 sports specialties in 58 regional federations collaborating with the regional sports administration (Secretaría Xeral para o Deporte, Xunta de Galicia). It is a tool that implies a methodological and educational process with all the agents of the sports system to identify the large number of interactions that occur in sports action and everything that surrounds it in training, competition and its organization

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery

A search for ultra-high-energy photons at the Pierre Auger Observatory exploiting air-shower universality

The Pierre Auger Observatory is the most sensitive detector to primary photons with energies above ∼0.2 EeV. It measures extensive air showers using a hybrid technique that combines a fluorescence detector (FD) with a ground array of particle detectors (SD). The signatures of a photon-induced air shower are a larger atmospheric depth at the shower maximum (X$_{max}$) and a steeper lateral distribution function, along with a lower number of muons with respect to the bulk of hadron-induced background. Using observables measured by the FD and SD, three photon searches in different energy bands are performed. In particular, between threshold energies of 1-10 EeV, a new analysis technique has been developed by combining the FD-based measurement of X$_{max}$ with the SD signal through a parameter related to its muon content, derived from the universality of the air showers. This technique has led to a better photon/hadron separation and, consequently, to a higher search sensitivity, resulting in a tighter upper limit than before. The outcome of this new analysis is presented here, along with previous results in the energy ranges below 1 EeV and above 10 EeV. From the data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory in about 15 years of operation, the most stringent constraints on the fraction of photons in the cosmic flux are set over almost three decades in energy

Study on multi-ELVES in the Pierre Auger Observatory

Since 2013, the four sites of the Fluorescence Detector (FD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory record ELVES with a dedicated trigger. These UV light emissions are correlated to distant lightning strikes. The length of recorded traces has been increased from 100 μs (2013), to 300 μs (2014-16), to 900 μs (2017-present), to progressively extend the observation of the light emission towards the vertical of the causative lightning and beyond. A large fraction of the observed events shows double ELVES within the time window, and, in some cases, even more complex structures are observed. The nature of the multi-ELVES is not completely understood but may be related to the different types of lightning in which they are originated. For example, it is known that Narrow Bipolar Events can produce double ELVES, and Energetic In-cloud Pulses, occurring between the main negative and upper positive charge layer of clouds, can induce double and even quadruple ELVES in the ionosphere. This report shows the seasonal and daily dependence of the time gap, amplitude ratio, and correlation between the pulse widths of the peaks in a sample of 1000+ multi-ELVES events recorded during the period 2014-20. The events have been compared with data from other satellite and ground-based sensing devices to study the correlation of their properties with lightning observables such as altitude and polarity