Cómo y qué enseñar de la biodiversidad en la alfabetización científica

El presente artículo pretende abordar el tratamiento didáctico de la problemática sobre la conservación de la diversidad biológica desde la doble perspectiva de la alfabetización científica y la educación ambiental. A través de él proponemos ideas para concretar los respectivos discursos teóricos en la práctica educativa de la enseñanza de la biología. Partimos de la necesidad de ajustar los principios y metas que los caracterizan, con los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje significativo de los conceptos, valores, procesos y técnicas. Todos ellos son necesarios para el desarrollo, por parte de la ciudadanía, de la capacidad de interpretación crítica y de toma de decisiones fundamentadas sobre conservación de la biodiversidad.The purpose of this article is to approach the didactic treatment of biodiversity conservation issues from the double perspective of scientific literacy and environmental education. We attempt to provide ideas on how articulating their respective theoretical speeches with practice in biological education; understanding the need to fit principles and goals that characterize them, with the processes of teaching and learning concepts, values, processes and techniques; significantly necessary to develop of citizenship, critical interpretation and based decision-making capacities, related to the political proposals and measures on biodiversity conservation

Cómo y qué enseñar de la biodiversidad en la alfabetización científica

The purpose of this article is to approach the didactic treatment of biodiversity conservation issues from the double perspective of scientific literacy and environmental education. We attempt to provide ideas on how articulating their respective theoretical speeches with practice in biological education; understanding the need to fit principles and goals that characterize them, with the processes of teaching and learning concepts, values, processes and techniques; significantly necessary to develop of citizenship, critical interpretation and based decision-making capacities, related to the political proposals and measures on biodiversity conservation.El presente artículo pretende abordar el tratamiento didáctico de la problemática sobre la conservación de la diversidad biológica desde la doble perspectiva de la alfabetización científica y la educación ambiental. A través de él proponemos ideas para concretar los respectivos discursos teóricos en la práctica educativa de la enseñanza de la biología. Partimos de la necesidad de ajustar los principios y metas que los caracterizan, con los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje significativo de los conceptos, valores, procesos y técnicas. Todos ellos son necesarios para el desarrollo, por parte de la ciudadanía, de la capacidad de interpretación crítica y de toma de decisiones fundamentadas sobre conservación de la biodiversidad

Use of Optimised LSTM Neural Networks Pre-Trained With Synthetic Data to Estimate PV Generation

Optimising the use of the photovoltaic (PV) energy is essential to reduce fossil fuel emissions by increasing the use of solar power generation. In recent years, research has focused on physical simulations or artifical intelligence models attempting to increase the accuracy of PV generation predictions. The use of simulated data as pre-training for deep learning models has increased in different fields. The reasons are the higher efficiency in the subsequent training with real data and the possibility of not having real data available. This work presents a methodology, based on an deep learning model optimised with specific techniques and pre-trained with synthetic data, to estimate the generation of a PV system. A case study of a photovoltaic installation with 296 PV panels located in northwest Spain is presented. The results show that the model with proper pre-training trains six to seven times faster than a model without pre-training and three to four times faster than a model pre-trained with non-accurate simulated data. In terms of accuracy and considering a homogeneous training process, all models obtained average relative errors around 12%, except the model with incorrect pre-training which performs worse

RBF-Neural network applied to the quality classification of tempered 100Cr6 steel cams by the multi-frequency nondestructive eddy current testing

Producción CientíficaThis article proposes a Radial Basis Function Artificial Neural Network (RBF-ANN) to classify tempered steel cams as correctly or incorrectly treated pieces by using multi-frequency nondestructive eddy current testing. Impedances at five frequencies between 10 kHz and 300 kHz were employed to perform the binary sorting. The ANalysis Of VAriance (ANOVA) test was employed to check the significance of the differences between the impedance samples for the two classification groups. Afterwards, eleven classifiers were implemented and compared with one RBF-ANN classifier: ten linear discriminant analysis classifiers and one Euclidean distance classifier. When employing the proposed RBF-ANN, the best performance was achieved with a precision of 95% and an area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.98. The obtained results suggest RBF-ANN classifiers processing multi-frequency impedance data could be employed to classify tempered steel DIN 100Cr6 cams with a better performance than other classical classifiers

An SVM-Based classifier for estimating the state of various rotating components in agro-industrial machinery with a vibration signal acquired from a single point on the machine chassis

The goal of this article is to assess the feasibility of estimating the state of various rotating components in agro-industrial machinery by employing just one vibration signal acquired from a single point on the machine chassis. To do so, a Support Vector Machine (SVM)-based system is employed. Experimental tests evaluated this system by acquiring vibration data from a single point of an agricultural harvester, while varying several of its working conditions. The whole process included two major steps. Initially, the vibration data were preprocessed through twelve feature extraction algorithms, after which the Exhaustive Search method selected the most suitable features. Secondly, the SVM-based system accuracy was evaluated by using Leave-One-Out cross-validation, with the selected features as the input data. The results of this study provide evidence that (i) accurate estimation of the status of various rotating components in agro-industrial machinery is possible by processing the vibration signal acquired from a single point on the machine structure; (ii) the vibration signal can be acquired with a uniaxial accelerometer, the orientation of which does not significantly affect the classification accuracy; and, (iii) when using an SVM classifier, an 85% mean cross-validation accuracy can be reached, which only requires a maximum of seven features as its input, and no significant improvements are noted between the use of either nonlinear or linear kernels

La construcción social de la noción de variable

Este documento centra su atención en la noción de variable como elemento básico de la construcción de conceptos relacionados a fenómenos de variación y cambio. Partimos de que la variable no es una idea construida como un objeto o proceso aislado, sino que surge necesariamente de la relación de al menos dos entidades cambiantes que en la mayoría de los casos una de ellas es la variable tiempo. Pretendemos realizar el estudio de la variable desde diferentes dimensiones: la epistemológica, la cognitiva, la didáctica y la sociocultural, para poder tener elementos que nos permitan determinar qué procesos favorecen la construcción de esta noción y asimismo realizar su caracterización

Análisis del tratamiento didáctico de la biodiversidad en los libros de texto de Biología y Geología en Secundaria

Los libros de texto están considerados como un elemento orientador, cuando no determinante, en la toma de decisiones en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Dado su gran peso específico, resulta razonable pensar que un tratamiento inadecuado por su parte de la noción de biodiversidad y su problemática, esté en la base de la falta de competencias por parte de la ciudadanía para interpretar las informaciones, propuestas y actuaciones políticas sobre gestión del patrimonio natural; así como para tomar decisiones fundamentadas al respeto. En este trabajo, se describe una investigación sobre el tratamiento que dan los libros de texto a la biodiversidad

Effect on Nanoindentation in La2O3-reinforced W and W–V alloys produced by hot isostatic pressing

W is a principal candidate material for fabricating plasma facing components (PFC) in a future fusion power reactor due to its high melting temperature, good thermal conductivity, thermal stress resistance, low tritium retention and high temperature strength [1]. For these applications, the structural materials should have an operating temperature window 873-1600 K and a ductile brittle transition temperature (DBTT) in the interval 573-673 K, as well as a recrystallization temperature (RT) above1600 K [2]. La2O3 dispersion or Al, K, Si doping can improve the mechanical strength and increase the tungsten RT, although the DBTT appears not to be lowered [3]. Most of these W alloys were prepared by powder metallurgy methods, in particular by ball milling and subsequent pressure less sintering or hot isostatic pressing (HIP) [3]. Recently, W and WTi alloys reinforced with Y2O3 have been sintered by HIP [4]. The use of Ti as sintering activator and the Y2O3 dispersion result in full dense materials exhibiting improved mechanical properties and oxidation resistance [5]. However, the Y2O3 particles in a W matrix appear to be unstable at temperatures above 1600 K becoming into coarse particles of complex W-Y and W-Y-Ti oxides, which could worsen the mechanical properties. This drawback may be avoided if V is used as sintering activator. The V-W system exhibits an isomorphous phase diagram with a continuous range of solid solution [6]. The aim of the present work is to produce W and W-V alloys reinforced with La2O3 particles and investigate their microstructure and thermal stability in order to obtain a structural material with favor able properties to be used for developing PFC. W and W-V alloys reinforced with La2O3 particles have been produced by MA and subsequent HIP at 1573 K and 195 MPa. The microstructure of the consolidated alloys has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses and X-ray diffraction. The mechanical properties were studied by nanoindentation measurements. The results show that practically full dense billets of W-V, W-V-La2O3 and W-La2O3 alloys can be produced. The microstructure analysis has shown that islands of V are present in W V and W V-1La2O3 alloys. In W-1La2O3 islands of La2O3 are also present. The nanohardness of the W matrix increases with the addition of V, while decreases with the addition of La2O3. References [1] Davis JW, Barabash VR, Makhankov A, Plöchl L, Slattery KT. Assessment of tungsten for use in the ITER plasma facing components. J Nucl Mater 1998;258–263: 308–12. [2] Bolt H, Barabash V, Krauss W, Linke J, Neu R, Suzuki S, et al. Materials for the plasma-facing components of fusion reactors. J Nucl Mater 2004;329–333:66–73. [3] M. Rieth, B. Dafferner, J. Nucl. Mater. 342 (2005) 20. [4] M.A. Monge, M.A. Auger, T. Leguey, Y. Ortega, L. Bolzoni, E. Gordo, R. Pareja, J. Nucl. Mater. 386–388 (2009) 613. [5] M.V. Aguirre, A. Martín, J.Y. Pastor, J. LLorca, M.A. Monge, R. Pareja, Metall. Mater. Trans. 40A (2009) 2283–2290. [6] S.V. Nagender Naidu, A.M. Sriramamurthy, M. Vijayakumar, P. Rama Rao, in: J.F. Smith (Ed.), Phase Diagrams of Vanadium Alloys, Monograph Series on Alloy Phase Diagrams, ASM International, Metal Parks, Ohio, 1989, p. 313

Automation of profile packing

Alumeco’s strategy is to be the most effective logistic partner through effective handling and warehousing of aluminium products. In order to achieve this goal, Alumeco has to be working with the newest technology and constantly improve processes and methods. In the central warehouse in Odense the activity is mainly based on two high rack systems. One high rack is for handling aluminium sheets and the other one is for profiles and bars. The weekly activity on the two high racks ismore than 1500 orderliness per week. (500 sheets and 1000 profiles and bars). Therefore, Alumeco wants to investigate the opportunity to automate the process of packing profiles and bars from the existing high rack. Today the handling and packing of profiles is carried out manually by the stock workers. It means that it is a heavy physical process. Summing up, the goal to this project must be: • A packing line that can handle 70% of all orderliness • No handling of material by hand or manual crane Getting these goals Alumeco will save money, they will increase their incomes and they will become the leader in the handling of aluminium profiles and bars because nowadays there are no factories with an automatic method. In this way one of the Alumeco’s strategies we will achieve: to be the most effective logistic partner through effective handling and warehousing of aluminium products