Aceleración de algoritmos de estimación de movimiento mediante OpenCL

El flujo óptico y la estimación de movimiento es área de conocimiento muy importante usado en otros campos del conocimiento como el de la seguridad o el de la bioinformática. En estos sectores, se demandan aplicaciones de flujo óptico que realicen actividades muy importantes con tiempos de ejecución lo más bajos posibles, llegando a tiempo real si es posible. Debido a la gran complejidad de cálculos que siguen a este tipo de algoritmos como se observará en la sección de resultados, la aceleración de estos es una parte vital para dar soporte y conseguir ese tiempo real tan buscado. Por lo que planteamos como objetivo para este TFG la aceleración de este tipo de algoritmos mediante diversos tipos de aceleradores usando OpenCL y de paso demostrar que OpenCL es una buena herramienta que permite códigos paralelizados con un gran Speedup a la par que funcionar en toda una diversa gama de dispositivos tan distintos como un GPU y una FPGA. Para lo anteriormente mencionado trataremos de desarrollar un código para cada algoritmo y optimizarlo de forma no especifica a una plataforma para posteriormente ejecutarlo sobre las diversas plataformas y medir tiempos y error para cada algoritmo. Para el desarrollo de este proyecto partimos de la teoría de dos algoritmos ya existentes: Lucas&Kanade monoescala y el Horn&Schunck. Además, usaremos estímulos para estos algoritmos muy aceptados por la comunidad como pueden ser el RubberWhale o los Grove, los cuales nos ayudarán a establecer la corrección de estos algoritmos y analizar su precisión, dando así un estudio referencia para saber cual escoger

Managing Water Scarcity at a River Basin Scale with Economic Instruments

This paper presents a conceptual framework for both assessing the role of economic instruments, and reshaping them in order to enhance their contribution to the goals of managing water scarcity. Water management problems stem from the mismatch between a multitude of individual decisions, on the one hand, and the current and projected status of water resources on the other. Economics can provide valuable incentives that drive individual decisions, and can design efficient instruments to address water governance problems in a context of conflicting interests and relevant transaction costs. Yet, instruments such as water pricing or trading are mostly based on general principles of welfare economics that are not readily applicable to assets as complex as water. A flaw in welfare economic approaches lies in the presumption that economic instruments may be good or bad on their own (e.g., finding the “right” price). This vision changes radically when we focus on the problem, instead of the instrument. In this paper, we examine how economic instruments to achieve welfare-enhancing water resource outcomes can realize their full potential in basin-scale management contexts. We follow a political economy perspective that views conflicts between public and private interest as the main instrumental challenge of water management. Our analysis allows us to better understand the critical importance of economic instruments for reconciling individual actions towards collective ambitions of water efficiency, equity and sustainability with lessons for later-adopting jurisdictions. Rather than providing panaceas, the successful design and implementation of economic instruments as key river basin management arrangements involves high transaction costs, wide institutional changes and collective action at different levels. </jats:p

Improving Speech Interaction in Vehicles Using Context-Aware Information through A SCXML Framework

Speech Technologies can provide important benefits for the development of more usable and safe in-vehicle human-machine interactive systems (HMIs). However mainly due robustness issues, the use of spoken interaction can entail important distractions to the driver. In this challenging scenario, while speech technologies are evolving, further research is necessary to explore how they can be complemented with both other modalities (multimodality) and information from the increasing number of available sensors (context-awareness). The perceived quality of speech technologies can significantly be increased by implementing such policies, which simply try to make the best use of all the available resources; and the in vehicle scenario is an excellent test-bed for this kind of initiatives. In this contribution we propose an event-based HMI design framework which combines context modelling and multimodal interaction using a W3C XML language known as SCXML. SCXML provides a general process control mechanism that is being considered by W3C to improve both voice interaction (VoiceXML) and multimodal interaction (MMI). In our approach we try to anticipate and extend these initiatives presenting a flexible SCXML-based approach for the design of a wide range of multimodal context-aware HMI in-vehicle interfaces. The proposed framework for HMI design and specification has been implemented in an automotive OSGi service platform, and it is being used and tested in the Spanish research project MARTA for the development of several in-vehicle interactive applications

Sharing Human-Generated Observations by Integrating HMI and the Semantic Sensor Web

Current “Internet of Things” concepts point to a future where connected objects gather meaningful information about their environment and share it with other objects and people. In particular, objects embedding Human Machine Interaction (HMI), such as mobile devices and, increasingly, connected vehicles, home appliances, urban interactive infrastructures, etc., may not only be conceived as sources of sensor information, but, through interaction with their users, they can also produce highly valuable context-aware human-generated observations. We believe that the great promise offered by combining and sharing all of the different sources of information available can be realized through the integration of HMI and Semantic Sensor Web technologies. This paper presents a technological framework that harmonizes two of the most influential HMI and Sensor Web initiatives: the W3C’s Multimodal Architecture and Interfaces (MMI) and the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) with its semantic extension, respectively. Although the proposed framework is general enough to be applied in a variety of connected objects integrating HMI, a particular development is presented for a connected car scenario where drivers’ observations about the traffic or their environment are shared across the Semantic Sensor Web. For implementation and evaluation purposes an on-board OSGi (Open Services Gateway Initiative) architecture was built, integrating several available HMI, Sensor Web and Semantic Web technologies. A technical performance test and a conceptual validation of the scenario with potential users are reported, with results suggesting the approach is soun

Diseño y validación de una escala para medir en profesores de Educación Física el uso responsable de las pruebas de condición física (FITPET)

Objective: The aim of this study was to design and validate a scale that would allow the evaluation in Physical Education teachers the responsible use of physical fitness tests related to health. Method: The sample was composed of 374 secondary school teachers (266 men and 108 women), from educational centers belonging to the eight Andalusian provinces, aged between 24 and 67 years (41.92 ± 9.24). Results: Firstly, a 26-item instrument was designed, which obtained item-total correlation values of ≥ .35, except for 5 items. Then, the internal structure of the scale was evaluated and proved to be relevant. The statistical analysis of the items and the subsequent exploratory factor analysis resulted in five factors (orientation of the result, use of participatory styles, the educational approach, methodological rigor, and positive reinforcement), with positive and significant correlations, confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis, factor invariance tests, as well as reliability and convergent and discriminant validity and reliability. The results of the analysis of psychometric properties of the scale were moderate and allowed us to offer a valid and reliable 15-item an ad hoc instrument, with adequate values of validity and reliability, proving its usefulness the evaluation in Physical Education teachers the responsible use of physical fitness tests in their classesObjetivo: el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo di-señar y validar una escala para evaluar en profesores de Educación Física el uso responsable de las pruebas de condición física relacionadas con la salud. Método: participaron un total de 374 docentes de secundaria (266 hombres y 108 mujeres) de centros educativos per-tenecientes a las ocho provincias andaluzas, con edades comprendidas entre 24 y 67 años (41.92 ± 9.24 años). Resultados: en primer lugar, se diseñó un instrumento de 26 ítems, que obtuvo valores de correlación ítem-total ≥ .35, exceptuando 5 ítems. Posteriormente, se evaluó la estructura interna de la escala, resultando esta pertinente. El análisis estadístico de los ítems y el pos-terior análisis factorial exploratorio dio como resultado cinco factores (orientación del resultado, uso de estilos participativos, el enfoque educativo, rigor metodoló-gico y refuerzo positivo), con correlaciones positivas y significativas, constatadas mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio, pruebas de invarianza factorial, así como de fiabilidad y validez convergente y discriminante. Los resultados del análisis de propiedades psicométricas de la escala fueron adecuados y permitieron ofrecer un ins-trumento ad hoc de 15 ítems, con moderados valores de validez y fiabilidad, acreditando su utilidad para valorar en profesores de Educación Física el uso responsable de las pruebas de condición física en sus clases.Actividad Física y Deport

Anteproyecto arquitectónico para el mercado municipal y terminal de buses para la ciudad de Intipucá

RESUMEN: En la actualidad, El salvador atraviesa por una severa etapa de convulsión social consecuencia de diferentes hechos y circunstancias que limitan el desarrollo general de la Nación. Enfocados en este punto exponemos la necesidad de proyectos de interés social que beneficien de forma directa a la población de las comunidades, especialmente aquellas que desde siempre se han visto marginadas en la aplicación de los planes de desarrollo Municipales. Este es el caso específico de la ciudad de Intipucá ubicada a 170 km de San Salvador en el departamento de La Unión, lugar donde se ha proyectado la construcción de un mercado Municipal y Terminal de buses que contribuya a mejorar el modelo de vida de la zona, proporcionando un área de comercio concentrado muy necesaria y hasta el momento inexistente. Elaborar una propuesta de anteproyecto de diseño para El Mercado Municipal y Terminal de Auto Buses para el municipio de Intipucá en La Unión, para el beneficio de los habitantes del Municipio como un aporte al desarrollo social es el objetivo general. ABSTRACT: Currently, El Salvador is going through a severe stage of social upheaval as a result of different facts and circumstances that limit the general development of the Nation. Focused on this point, we expose the need for projects of social interest that directly benefit the population of the communities, especially those that have always been marginalized in the application of Municipal development plans. This is the specific case of the city of Intipucá, located 170 km from San Salvador in the department of La Unión, where the construction of a Municipal market and bus terminal has been planned to help improve the life model of the area. , providing a much-needed and heretofore non-existent area of ​​concentrated trade. Elaborate a preliminary design proposal for the Municipal Market and Bus Terminal for the municipality of Intipucá in La Unión, for the benefit of the inhabitants of the Municipality as a contribution to social development is the general objectiv

Sectorización de áreas en condiciones agroclimáticas óptimas para el establecimiento de cultivo de oleaginosos en Colombia

En respuesta a la necesidad de fomentar el desarrollo de sistemas agroforestales, se han identificado diversas especies no convencionales con potencial para su expansión en Colombia bajo estos sistemas, entre ellas Moringa oleifera,Olea Europea, Glycine max, Brassica napus, Helianthus annuus y Jatropha curcas. Utilizando la base de datos del Sistema de Información Ambiental de Colombia (SIAC), se realizó una zonificación considerando los requisitos agroclimáticos específicos de estas especies y la cobertura óptima para su producción. En resultados, se pudo delimitar un área total de 212,977.3 km2, abarcando principalmente los departamentos de Arauca, Casanare, Vichada, La Guajira, Córdoba, Meta,Magdalena, Cesar, Tolima y Cundinamarca. estas especies en combinación y mayor oportunidad de expansión productiva abarcan Moringa (75,758 km2), Moringa, Jatropha yGirasol (42,515.1 km2), Moringa y Jatropha(37,180.4 km2), Jatropha (20,840 km2),Jatropha y Girasol (17,692.1 km2), Oliva(7332.1 km2) y Soja (3586.3 km2). Respecto al total de áreas con potencial para su establecimiento, el 36% corresponde a vegetación herbácea y/o arbustiva, el 33% a pastizales, y el 23% a áreas agrícolas heterogéneas. El estudio marca un primer paso para destacar la versatilidad agronómica de estas especies y su posible contribución a la diversificación de los sectores agroalimentario y agroforestal en Colombia.In response to the need to promote the development of agroforestry systems, several non-conventional species with potential for expansion in Colombia have been identified under these systems, including Moringa oleifera, Olea Europea, Glycine max, Brassica napus, Helianthus annuus and Jatropha curcas. Using the database of the Colombian Environmental Information System (SIAC), a zoning was carried out considering the specific agroclimatic requirements of these species and the optimum coverage for their production. As a result, it was possible to delimit a total area of 212,977.3 km2, mainly covering the Departments of Arauca, Casanare, Vichada, La Guajira, Córdoba, Meta, Magdalena, Cesar, Tolima and Cundinamarca. These These species in combination and with the greatest opportunity for productive expansion include Moringa (75,758 km2), Moringa, Jatropha and Sunflower (42,515.1 km2), Moringa and Jatropha (37,180.4 km2), Jatropha (20,840 km2), Jatropha and Sunflower (17,692.1 km2), Olive (7332.1 km2) and Soybean (3586.3 km2). Of the total areas with potential for establishment, 36% corresponds to herbaceous and/or shrub vegetation, 33% to grasslands, and 23% to heterogeneous agricultural areas. The study marks a first step to highlight the agronomic versatility of these species and their possible contribution to the diversification of the agrifood and agroforestry sectors in Colombia

Worth the risk? Terrorism-induced fear of flying

We conducted two bi-national experiments regarding emotional and behavioral responses to a terrorist plot against commercial flights, examining both feelings and projected action. The studies employed hypothetical scenarios in which terrorists attacked airplanes with shoulder-fired missiles as they were landing or taking off from an international airport. The scenarios were built around two factorially crossed manipulated variables, each with three levels: (1) government announcements or actions (2) social norm, expressed as variation in airline ticket sales. Each respondent read a questionnaire containing only one of the nine scenarios. Experiment 1 was conducted in Spain and California (n = 360, 50% female), Experiment 2 in Israel and California (n = 504, 50% female). In both studies, fear and flight plans were not differentially affected by governmental response or social norm. Women expressed more fear than men. Experiment 1 examined the purpose of the trip. Most respondents would not change a planned flight to attend a close friend’s wedding or important job interview, but a substantial number would postpone a vacation or drive to a different location. Experiment 2 featured escalating attacks. These yielded increased fear and more canceled trips. Within both studies, responses were similar across countries despite national differences in direct experience with terrorism