Points de repère pour différencier la gestion de cas du suivi intensif dans le milieu auprès des personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux graves

L'auteur propose une synthèse des éléments essentiels qui permettent de différencier la gestion de cas du suivi intensif dans le milieu pour les personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux graves. En situant le développement de ces deux approches dans leur contexte social, l'auteur identifie les points de repère qui permettent de les distinguer à la fois au plan conceptuel et pratique. Cet exercice permet de dissiper la confusion répandue dans les écrits et d'outiller les cliniciens afin qu'ils puissent identifier les modèles les plus appropriés pour répondre aux besoins de leur clientèle. Cela implique de prendre en considération les caractéristiques du système dans lequel ils interviennent car sa configuration exerce une influence considérable sur leur travail.The author proposes a synthesis of the essential elements to distinguish Case Management from Assertive Community Treatment with people suffering from severe mental illness. By situating these two approaches in their social context, the author identifies points of reference that allow to distinguish them one from the other on both practical and conceptual levels. This exercise allows to dissipate the widespread confusion in the literature as well as give clinical workers the necessary tools to identify the appropriate models to meet the needs of the clientele. This also implies taking into consideration the characteristics of the system in which they intervene for its configuration exerts a considerable influence on their work.El autor propone una smtesis de los elementos esenciales que permiten diferenciar la gestion de casos del seguimiento intensivo en el medio, para las personas que sufren de desordenes mentales graves. Situando en su contexto social el desarrollo de estos dos enfoques, el autor identifica los puntos de referenda que permiten distinguirlos a nivel conceptual y practico. Este ejercicio permite disipar la confusion generalizada en los escritos y ofrece utiles a los clînicos para que puedan identificar los modelos mas apropiados para responder a las necesidades de sus clientes. Esto implica que hay que tomar en consideraciôn las caracterîsticas del sistema en el que intervienen puesto que su configuraciôn ejerce una influencia considerable en su trabajo

Artificial Intelligence in Human Resources Management: A Review and Research Agenda

Background: Researchers and practitioners both exhibit a growing interest in the application of Artificial Intelligence in Human Resources Management. However, research shows that there remains a substantial gap between the promise of AI and its practical application in organizations. Previous research has identified some of the challenges facing the application of Artificial Intelligence in Human Resources Management. Among these challenges is the varied nature of Human Resources functions. To address this, we adopt the Human Resource Life Cycle, which is composed of 6 dimensions that closely mirror the Human Resource functions that exist in many organizations: 1) Strategic Planning, 2) Recruitment and Deployment, 3) Training and Development, 4) Performance Management, 5) Compensation Management, and 6) Human Relations Management. Method: Through a scoping literature review, we have identified 85 articles on the topic and classified them based on the 6 dimensions of the Human Resource Life Cycle. Results: Our scoping review found that Artificial Intelligence has already been studied in relation to all 6 dimensions of the Human Resource Life Cycle. In addition, a seventh dimension was identified and integrated into the existing Human Resource Life Cycle framework: Legal and Ethical Issues. Based on the scoping review, a research agenda is presented to provide guidance for future research in the field of Artificial Intelligence in Human Resources Management. Conclusion: All 6 dimensions of the Human Resource Life Cycle, along with the seventh dimension – Legal and Ethical Issues – are already present in the literature. Future research could focus on the impact of AI on connections between dimensions, as well as the impact on HR-specific outcomes. Practitioners must recognize the limitations related to the application of AI in Human Resources Management, even though AI should still be viewed as a solution to many challenges facing Human Resources Management in organizations

Bim and Mcl-1 exert key roles in regulating JAK2V617F cell survival

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The JAK2^V617Fmutation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms and is found in the vast majority of patients suffering from polycythemia vera and in roughly every second patient suffering from essential thrombocythemia or from primary myelofibrosis. The V617F mutation is thought to provide hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid progenitors with a survival and proliferation advantage. It has previously been shown that activated JAK2 promotes cell survival by upregulating the anti-apoptotic STAT5 target gene Bcl-xL. In this study, we have investigated the role of additional apoptotic players, the pro-apoptotic protein Bim as well as the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Pharmacological inhibition of JAK2/STAT5 signaling in JAK2^V617Fmutant SET-2 and MB-02 cells was used to study effects on signaling, cell proliferation and apoptosis by Western blot analysis, WST-1 proliferation assays and flow cytometry. Cells were transfected with siRNA oligos to deplete candidate pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. Co-immunoprecipitation assays were performed to assess the impact of JAK2 inhibition on complexes of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Treatment of JAK2^V617Fmutant cell lines with a JAK2 inhibitor was found to trigger Bim activation. Furthermore, Bim depletion by RNAi suppressed JAK2 inhibitor-induced cell death. Bim activation following JAK2 inhibition led to enhanced sequestration of Mcl-1, besides Bcl-xL. Importantly, Mcl-1 depletion by RNAi was sufficient to compromise JAK2^V617Fmutant cell viability and sensitized the cells to JAK2 inhibition.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We conclude that Bim and Mcl-1 have key opposing roles in regulating JAK2^V617Fcell survival and propose that inactivation of aberrant JAK2 signaling leads to changes in Bim complexes that trigger cell death. Thus, further preclinical evaluation of combinations of JAK2 inhibitors with Bcl-2 family antagonists that also tackle Mcl-1, besides Bcl-xL, is warranted to assess the therapeutic potential for the treatment of chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms.</p

Properties of Bread Dough with Added Fiber Polysaccharides and Phenolic Antioxidants: A Review

During breadmaking, different ingredients are used to ensure the development of a continuous protein network that is essential for bread quality. Interests in incorporating bioactive ingredients such as dietary fiber (DF) and phenolic antioxidants into popular foods such as bread have grown rapidly, due to the increased consumer health awareness. The added bioactive ingredients may or may not promote the protein cross-links. Appropriate cross-links among wheat proteins, fiber polysaccharides, and phenolic antioxidants could be the most critical factor for bread dough enhanced with DF and phenolic antioxidants. Such cross-links may influence the structure and properties of a bread system during baking. This article presents a brief overview of our current knowledge of the fate of the key components (wheat proteins, fibers, and phenolic antioxidants) and how they might interact during bread dough development and baking

Virus genomes reveal factors that spread and sustained the Ebola epidemic.

The 2013-2016 West African epidemic caused by the Ebola virus was of unprecedented magnitude, duration and impact. Here we reconstruct the dispersal, proliferation and decline of Ebola virus throughout the region by analysing 1,610 Ebola virus genomes, which represent over 5% of the known cases. We test the association of geography, climate and demography with viral movement among administrative regions, inferring a classic 'gravity' model, with intense dispersal between larger and closer populations. Despite attenuation of international dispersal after border closures, cross-border transmission had already sown the seeds for an international epidemic, rendering these measures ineffective at curbing the epidemic. We address why the epidemic did not spread into neighbouring countries, showing that these countries were susceptible to substantial outbreaks but at lower risk of introductions. Finally, we reveal that this large epidemic was a heterogeneous and spatially dissociated collection of transmission clusters of varying size, duration and connectivity. These insights will help to inform interventions in future epidemics

Assessing the potential impact of a biorefinery product from sawmill residues on the profitability of a hardwood value chain

Due to the high amount of low-quality hardwoods harvested during selection cuts, the forest industry has been facing a decline in profit margins. One possible solution for utilizing the low-quality raw material is the production of extracts. The objective of this work was to estimate to which extent the inclusion of betulin in the traditional wood products portfolio could extend the profitability of a hardwood value chain. The profitability of a selection cut was assessed from the sawmill perspective, followed by the evaluation of the potential financial gain of producing betulin. Finally, the inclusion of betulin in a value chain was assessed. Results showed that the profitability of selection cuts was very low in some forest stands. The sensitivity analysis demonstrated that, among selected costs and revenues, profit was more sensitive to variations in coproducts value. If a fraction of coproducts volume was used to extract betulin, it would be sufficient to generate enough revenues to offset the total costs. However, a major constraint was the small size of the current betulin market, with annual sales not exceeding 1000 kg. Despite that, results demonstrate the potentially strong contribution of high value-added extracts to the profitability of the forest value chain.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Mesenchymal stromal cells protect mantle cell lymphoma cells from sponta- neous and drug-induced apoptosis through secretion of B-cell activating factor and activation of the canonical and non-canonical nuclear factor κB pathways

The online version of this article has a Supplementary Appendix. Background There is increasing evidence that stromal cell interactions are required for the survival and drug resistance of several types of B-cell malignancies. There is relatively little information regarding the role of the bone marrow/lymphoid microenvironment in the pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma. In this study we investigated the interaction of primary mantle cell lymphoma cells with stromal cells in an ex vivo co-culture system. Design and Methods The murine stromal cell line MS-5 and human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells were each co-cultured with primary mantle cell lymphoma cells for up to 7 months. Mantle cell lymphoma cultures alone or combined with human stromal cells were analyzed for cell number, cell migration, nuclear factor-κB activation and drug resistance. Results Co-culture of mantle cell lymphoma cells and human stromal cells results in the survival and proliferation of primary mantle cell lymphoma cells for at least 7 months compared to mantle cell lymphoma cells cultured alone. Mantle cell lymphoma-human stromal cell interactions resulted in activation of the B-cell activating factor/nuclear factor-κB signaling axis resulting in reduced apoptosis, increased mantle cell lymphoma migration and increased drug resistance. Conclusions Direct mantle cell lymphoma-human stromal cell interactions support long-term expansion and increase the drug-resistance of primary mantle cell lymphoma cells. This is due in part to activation of the canonical and non-canonical nuclear factor κB pathways. We also demonstrated the ability of B-cell activating factor to augment CXCL12-and CXCL13-induced cell migration. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that human stromal cell-mantle cell lymphoma interactions play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma and that analysis of mantle cell lymphoma-human stromal cell interactions may help in the identification of novel targets for therapeutic use. Key words: mantle cell lymphoma, mesenchymal cell, drug resistance, BAFF, NF-κB. Haematologica 2012;97(8):1255-1263. doi:10.3324/haematol.2011 This is an open-access paper. Citation: Medina DJ, Goodell L, Glod J, Gélinas C, Rabson AB, and Strair RK. Mesenchymal stromal cells protect mantle cell lymphoma cells from spontaneous and drug-induced apoptosis through secretion of B-cell activating factor and activation of the canonical and non-canonical nuclear factor κB pathways. Mesenchymal stromal cells protect mantle cell lymphoma cells from spontaneous and drug-induced apoptosis through secretion of B-cell activating factor and activation of the canonical and non-canonical nuclear factor κB pathways ABSTRACT © F e r r a t a S t o r t i F o u n d a t i o