A Dream Attained or Deferred? Examination of Production, Placement, and Transition into the Principalship of Latina/o Educators in Texas

Presentation made at Latinos in the Heartland (12th : 2014 : St. Louis, Mo.) and published in the annual conference proceedingThe demographics of the student population enrolled in U.S. schools is quickly evolving, with dramatic increases in the number and percentage of English Language Learner students (Garcia, 2012), immigrant youth, and Latino/a students (Fry & Lopez, 2012). Increased pressures on educators to increase student test scores and to close test score achievement gaps raises questions about the degree to which school leaders are prepared to meet these challenges. Research shows school leaders prepared to deeply understand various student backgrounds and cultures tend to be more effective in ensuring positive outcomes for all students (Leithwood & Riehl, 2003). Yet scant research has examined the frequency of racial/ethnic matches between principals and students and how the dynamics of production and career advancement might influence the prevalence of such matches. Specifically, no empirical studies have examined the transition rate of Latino assistant principals (APs) into principalship positions, or how the rate compares to the rates of peers with different racial/ethnic backgrounds. With Texas as an example, we asked: What percentage of principals and assistant principals was Latino over the last 20 years? ; What percentage of majority Latino schools has been led by Latino principals in the last 20 years? ; Do Latino assistant principals become principals at the same rate as their peers? ; What is the time frame for advancement of Latino assistant principals to the principalship in relation to their peers? This study uses multiple state administrative data sets that show the employment status and individual characteristics of APs, principals, and the student demographics of schools from 1990 through 2008. We examined the transition rates of APs to principals across multiple cohorts of APs over extended time periods. Ultimately, we examined 112,342 assistant principal years and 118,883 principal years over the 18-year time frame to determine the percentages of employed APs and principals. Keywords: school leadership, Latino educators, principals, Latino educatio

NEPC Review: Addressing Teacher Shortages: Practical Ideas for the Pandemic and Beyond (TNTP, February 2022)

In light of the pandemic which has likely resulted in rampant teacher absences and widespread teacher shortages, a TNTP report offers leaders clearly articulated employment goals and numerous recommendations for short- and long-term staffing plans. Although reliable evidence on the extent of teacher shortages is mixed, the report does provide leaders confronting staffing issues with some helpful questions and potentially useful recommendations. Despite these positive elements, however, the report has several research-related weaknesses. Accordingly, while school and district leaders may find in this report some useful ideas to consider, they should read additional research and reports to independently determine whether recommendations of interest are evidence-based and how local context might affect implementation.</p

Choice, Cyber Charter Schools, and the Educational Marketplace for Rural School Districts

Pennsylvania is a state with significant proportions of students who attend rural schools, as well as students who attend charter schools. This study examines enrollment patterns of students in brick and mortar and cyber charter schools in Pennsylvania and how these enrollment patterns differ across geographic locale. We analyze student-level enrollment data, controlling for demographic characteristics, and find that, in contrast to brick and mortar schools, cyber charter schools attract students from a variety of locales across the urban-rural continuum. However, rural students exhibit the greatest likelihood of attending cyber charter schools. We discuss the implications of these findings in relation to educational equity, cyber charter school underperformance, and the fiscal impacts of charter schools on the budgets of small school districts

Introduction: looking beyond the walls

In its consideration of the remarkable extent and variety of non-university researchers, this book takes a broader view of ‘knowledge’ and ‘research’ than in the many hot debates about today’s knowledge society, ‘learning age’, or organisation of research. It goes beyond the commonly held image of ‘knowledge’ as something produced and owned by the full-time experts to take a look at those engaged in active knowledge building outside the university walls

FAPRI 2006 U.S. and World Agricultural Outlook

The FAPRI 2006 U.S. and World Agricultural Outlook presents projections of world agricultural production, consumption, and trade under average weather patterns, existing farm policy, and policy commitments under current trade agreements and custom unions. Despite continued high energy prices, world economic growth is expected to remain strong in the coming decade, above 3% per annum. Other major drivers of the 2006 baseline include new bio-energy policies in several large countries, EU sugar policy reform, sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) shocks in livestock and poultry markets, and movements in the exchange rate

Moderating Readers and Reading Online

Despite the proliferation of online forums for the discussion of literary texts, very little has been written to date on the management of these spaces and how this helps frame the kinds of discussion and interpretative work that take place. This article draws on a series of interviews with moderators of online book-related sites, alongside close analysis of online interactions between moderators and users to consider issues of authority, hierarchy, power and control, asking how these act to structure or facilitate acts of interpretation taking place online. We begin by outlining the moderator's role before conducting a brief review of existing scholarship on offline reading groups and online communities, to identify how social infrastructures are established and negotiated. The main body of the article draws upon interviews with moderators of two online literary forums – The Republic of Pemberley and The Guardian’s online Reading Group – to explore the ways in which each of the respective moderators frames his or her role. This is accompanied by an in-depth exploration of how the forms of interpretation we find on the two sites are shaped and directed by the moderators. The article concludes by reflecting upon some of the issues raised by this study and its methodology, particularly with regards to digital dualism and the blurring of the boundaries between the public and the private in online spaces

FAPRI 2004 U.S. and World Agricultural Outlook

The FAPRI 2004 U.S. and World Agricultural Outlook presents final projections of world agricultural production, consumption, and trade. Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI) projections assume average weather patterns worldwide, existing policy, policy commitments under current trade agreements, and new policy changes such as the enlargement of the European Union and Common Agricultural Policy reforms. FAPRI projections do not include conjectures on potential policy changes. The major macroeconomic drivers of the 2004 FAPRI baseline are the continuing solid economic growth worldwide, and currency movements against the U.S. dollar

FAPRI 2007 U.S. and World Agricultural Outlook

The FAPRI 2007 U.S. and World Agricultural Outlook presents projections of world agricultural production, consumption, and trade under average weather patterns, existing farm policy, and policy commitments under current trade agreements and custom unions. The outlook uses a macroeconomic forecast developed by Global Insight

The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: A First Look at the Auriga–California Molecular Cloud with SCUBA-2

We present 850 and 450 μm observations of the dense regions within the Auriga–California molecular cloud using SCUBA-2 as part of the JCMT Gould Belt Legacy Survey to identify candidate protostellar objects, measure the masses of their circumstellar material (disk and envelope), and compare the star formation to that in the Orion A molecular cloud. We identify 59 candidate protostars based on the presence of compact submillimeter emission, complementing these observations with existing Herschel/SPIRE maps. Of our candidate protostars, 24 are associated with young stellar objects (YSOs) in the Spitzer and Herschel/PACS catalogs of 166 and 60 YSOs, respectively (177 unique), confirming their protostellar nature. The remaining 35 candidate protostars are in regions, particularly around LkHα 101, where the background cloud emission is too bright to verify or rule out the presence of the compact 70 μm emission that is expected for a protostellar source. We keep these candidate protostars in our sample but note that they may indeed be prestellar in nature. Our observations are sensitive to the high end of the mass distribution in Auriga–Cal. We find that the disparity between the richness of infrared star-forming objects in Orion A and the sparsity in Auriga–Cal extends to the submillimeter, suggesting that the relative star formation rates have not varied over the Class II lifetime and that Auriga–Cal will maintain a lower star formation efficiency

Seafloor character and sedimentary processes in eastern Long Island Sound and western Block Island Sound

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2006. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Springer for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geo-Marine Letters 26 (2006): 59-68, doi: 10.1007/s00367-006-0016-4.Multibeam bathymetric data and seismic-reflection profiles collected in eastern Long Island and western Block Island Sounds reveal previously unrecognized glacial features and modern bedforms. Glacial features include an ice-sculptured bedrock surface, a newly identified recessional moraine, exposed glaciolacustrine sediments, and remnants of stagnant-ice-contact deposits. Modern bedforms include fields of transverse sand waves, barchanoid waves, giant scour depressions, and pockmarks. Bedform asymmetry and scour around obstructions indicate that net sediment transport is westward across the northern par of the study area near Fishers Island and eastward across the southern par near Great Gull Island.This work was supported by the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, and the Atlantic Hydrographic Branch of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration