Identification of Sexsual Behavior and HIV Insidence on Public Transportation Driver in Sidoarjo

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that may degrade human immune system. This is resulting from interaction between agent, host, environment. Viewed from year to year, case of HIV-AIDS on all parts of world is keep increasing, therefore this disease become health problem feeling concerned about to the society, because beside the vaccine and drug for the prevention of this not yet been found, this disease not generate symptom during its natural history. The objectives of this research were to analyze high risk sexual behavior causing HIV to the drivers of public transportation in Sub-Province Sidoarjo Those were sexual couple during last month, frequency of intercourse with another during last one mont, and USAge of condom when doing intercourse with another. This was cross sectional study with the population were all drivers of public transportation who come to follow Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) examination. There were 62 respondents who came to follow it. Data collection was conducted through interview, admission filling of questionnaire and observation. The results than studied by using existing theory. The result of this research showed that any 5% of drivers with positive result of HIV, with risk behavior 22,8% doing intercourse with wife and whore, 4,8% with whore only, 62,9% of them were not use condom while doing intercourse. to reduce risk exposed to HIV, it is recommended to increase their knowledge and give motivation about contagious risk of HIV

Molecular detection and epidemiological risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection among cattle in Peninsular Malaysia

Enteric protozoa infection among cattle may pose a threat to productivity and survival leading to negative impacts on the livestock industry. A number of these pathogens are also known to be zoonotic and are of public health concern. Despite the importance of these enteric protozoa to both animal and human health, there remains a paucity of published information on the epidemiological risk factors that may be associated with bovine cryptosporidiosis in Southeast Asia. The present study was undertaken to determine the molecular prevalence and associated risk factors for Cryptosporidium infection among beef and dairy cattle in Peninsular Malaysia. Faecal samples were collected from 824 cattle in 39 farms (526 beef and 298 dairy) situated in 33 locations throughout the country, and subjected to PCR detection for Cryptosporidium using primers targeting the 18S SSUrRNA gene. Epidemiological variables including host, environment and management factors were subjected to univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to determine the potential risk factors for infection. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium among the cattle was 12.5%, with significant difference in the infection rate among the various breeds. There was no significant effect of gender, and both the beef and dairy cattle were at similar odds for infection. The younger cattle had a significantly higher infection rate compared to the older animals. Multivariate analysis revealed that deworming practice, distance to human settlement, geographical location (zone) and farm management system were significant risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection. The cattle that were reared on farms located in the northeast of the country, closest (≤200 m) to human settlements, reared extensively, and dewormed every four months were at highest risk of infection. The present study constitutes the first attempt to analyze the multivariable epidemiological risk factors involved in bovine cryptosporidiosis in Malaysia and in Southeast Asia. It is envisaged that the data obtained will facilitate better control and prevention measures for Cryptosporidium infection among cattle in the region. Due to the potential zoonotic nature of the infection, serious steps should be instituted for animal treatment and biohazard waste management on local cattle farms

Genetic Structure of Modern Durum Wheat Cultivars and Mediterranean Landraces Matches with Their Agronomic Performance

A collection of 172 durum wheat landraces from 21 Mediterranean countries and 20 modern cultivars were phenotyped in 6 environments for 14 traits including phenology, biomass, yield and yield components. The genetic structure of the collection was ascertained with 44 simple sequence repeat markers that identified 448 alleles, 226 of them with a frequency lower than 5%, and 10 alleles per locus on average. In the modern cultivars all the alleles were fixed in 59% of the markers. Total genetic diversity was HT = 0.7080 and the genetic differentiation value was GST = 0.1730. STRUCTURE software allocated 90.1% of the accessions in five subpopulations, one including all modern cultivars, and the four containing landrace related to their geographic origin: eastern Mediterranean, eastern Balkans and Turkey, western Balkans and Egypt, and western Mediterranean. Mean yield of subpopulations ranged from 2.6 t ha-1 for the western Balkan and Egyptian landraces to 4.0 t ha-1 for modern cultivars, with the remaining three subpopulations showing similar values of 3.1 t ha-1. Modern cultivars had the highest number of grains m-2 and harvest index, and the shortest cycle length. The diversity was lowest in modern cultivars (HT = 0.4835) and highest in landraces from the western Balkans and Egypt (HT = 0.6979). Genetic diversity and AMOVA indicated that variability between subpopulations was much lower (17%) than variability within them (83%), though all subpopulations had similar biomass values in all growth stages. A dendrogram based on simple sequence repeat data matched with the clusters obtained by STRUCTURE, improving this classification for some accessions that have a large admixture. landraces included in the subpopulation from the eastern Balkans and Turkey were separated into two branches in the dendrogram drawn with phenotypic data, suggesting a different origin for the landraces collected in Serbia and Macedonia. The current study shows a reliable relationship between genetic and phenotypic population structures, and the connection of both with the geographic origin of the landraces.The research was funded by the Ministerio de Economía y competitividad project AGL-2006-09226-C02-01, and Dr. Jose Miguel Soriano is funded by Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (http://www.mineco.gob.es/)

Geographic distribution of MERS coronavirus among dromedary camels, Africa

We found serologic evidence for the circulation of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus among dromedary camels in Nigeria, Tunisia, and Ethiopia. Circulation of the virus among dromedaries across broad areas of Africa may indicate that this disease is currently underdiagnosed in humans outside the Arabian Peninsula

The Effect of Expert Patient Simulation on Clinical Judgment: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Sanjay Shinde, Firew Tiruneh, Dinaol Abdissa Fufa Department of Midwifery, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Firew Tiruneh, Email [email protected]: Worldwide, quality education is one of the important tools to improve healthcare quality. Healthcare practitioners must be competent in their clinical judgement to meet clients’ need. However, poor clinical judgment skill accounts for almost one-third of all patient problems in health care. Expert patient simulation has been used as a training method for clinical judgement skill. However, according to empirical studies, using expert patients to develop clinical judgement skill is unclear. The method is effective in one situation but not in another.Objective: To examine the effect of expert patient simulation on the clinical judgment skill of health science students of Mizan-Tepi University.Methods: A pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental design was used on 92 randomly selected samples from the graduating cohort of midwifery students. The research subjects who took part in the experiment were picked at random. Tools included the Creighton Competency Evaluation Instrument (C-CEI®), the Learning Satisfaction and Self-Confidence Questionnaire, and the Kolb Learning Style Inventory (LSI). The Wilcoxon-signed rank test was utilized to compare the self-confidence scores among intervention and control group of students, and the paired sample test was used to compare clinical judgment scores. Cohen’s d was used to assess the effect size, and Spearman correlation was used to explore the association.Results: Clinical decision-making ability and self-confidence measures revealed statistical and practical differences between before and after simulation. There was a mean difference of 2.28 (95% CI, 1.78, 2.79), t (45)=9.13, p 0.001, and an effect size of 1.3, p 0.001. A pre-and post-simulation self-confidence measure showed statistically significant improvement after simulation (W = 1, Z = − 3.57, P 0.001). A moderately significant positive connection (r = 0.419, p 0.004) was also discovered.Conclusion: The study found that human expert patient simulation is a tremendous clinical training technique for improving students’ clinical decision-making skill competency and self-confidence.Keywords: effect, patient, simulation, clinical judgment, health science student

Understanding cytoskeleton regulators in glioblastoma multiforme for therapy design

Samaneh Masoumi,1,*, Aditya Harisankar,2,* Aileen Gracias,3 Fabian Bachinger,1 Temesgen Fufa,1,4 Gayathri Chandrasekar,5 Frank Gaunitz,4 Julian Walfridsson,2 Satish S Kitambi1 1Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, 2Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, 3Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; 4Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany; 5Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: The cellular cytoskeleton forms the primary basis through which a cell governs the changes in size, shape, migration, proliferation, and forms the primary means through which the cells respond to their environment. Indeed, cell and tissue morphologies are used routinely not only to grade tumors but also in various high-content screening methods with an aim to identify new small molecules with therapeutic potential. This study examines the expression of various cytoskeleton regulators in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBM is a very aggressive disease with a low life expectancy even after chemo- and radiotherapy. Cancer cells of GBM are notorious for their invasiveness, ability to develop resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy, and to form secondary site tumors. This study aims to gain insight into cytoskeleton regulators in GBM cells and to understand the effect of various oncology drugs, including temozolomide, on cytoskeleton regulators. We compare the expression of various cytoskeleton regulators in GBM-derived tumor and normal tissue, CD133-postive and -negative cells from GBM and neural cells, and GBM stem-like and differentiated cells. In addition, the correlation between the expression of cytoskeleton regulators with the clinical outcome was examined to identify genes associated with longer patient survival. This was followed by a small molecule screening with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved oncology drugs, and its effect on cellular cytoskeleton was compared to treatment with temozolomide. This study identifies various groups of cytoskeletal regulators that have an important effect on patient survival and tumor development. Importantly, this work highlights the advantage of using cytoskeleton regulators as biomarkers for assessing prognosis and treatment design for GBM. Keywords: glioma, cytoskeleton, actomyosin, microtubules, tubulin, actin, GBM, Phenotypic Drug Discover