22 research outputs found
The Early Life of Lafcadio Hearn
422 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1954.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD
Comparative Analysis of Bispecific Antibody and Streptavidin-Targeted Radioimmunotherapy for B-cell Cancers
Streptavidin (SA)-biotin pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) that targets CD20 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) exhibits remarkable efficacy in model systems, but SA immunogenicity and interference by endogenous biotin may complicate clinical translation of this approach. In this study, we engineered a bispecific fusion protein (FP) that evades the limitations imposed by this system. Briefly, one arm of the FP was an anti-human CD20 antibody (2H7), with the other arm of the FP an anti-chelated radiometal trap for a radiolabeled ligand (yttrium[Y]-DOTA) captured by a very high-affinity anti-Y-DOTA scFv antibody (C825). Head-to-head biodistribution experiments comparing SA-biotin and bispecific FP (2H7-Fc-C825) PRIT in murine subjects bearing human lymphoma xenografts demonstrated nearly identical tumor targeting by each modality at 24 hours. However, residual radioactivity in the blood and normal organs was consistently higher following administration of 1F5-SA compared with 2H7-Fc-C825. Consequently, tumor-to-normal tissue ratios of distribution were superior for 2H7-Fc-C825 (P < 0.0001). Therapy studies in subjects bearing either Ramos or Granta subcutaneous lymphomas demonstrated that 2H7-Fc-C825 PRIT is highly effective and significantly less myelosuppressive than 1F5-SA (P < 0.0001). All animals receiving optimal doses of 2H7-Fc-C825 followed by 90Y-DOTA were cured by 150 days, whereas the growth of tumors in control animals progressed rapidly with complete morbidity by 25 days. In addition to demonstrating reduced risk of immunogenicity and an absence of endogenous biotin interference, our findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for the preferred use of bispecific PRIT in future clinical trials, due to a slightly superior biodistribution profile, less myelosuppression, and superior efficacy
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A Novel Bispecific CD38 Antibody Eradicates Multiple Myeloma in a Mouse Model Following Yttrium-90-DOTA Capture
BACKGROUND: Despite high rates of initial response to immunomodulatory agents and proteasome inhibitors, the vast majority patients living with multiple myeloma (MM) will ultimately die of progressive disease that is a function of persistent MM cell clones. The radiosensitivity of malignant plasma cells is well documented in clinical settings, and we have previously reported the therapeutic efficacy of a streptavidin-biotin (SAB) pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) system delivering the β-emitter 90Y to CD38 antigen targets (Green, et al. Cancer Res. 2014). While SAB-PRIT is capable of disease eradication in mouse models, SA immunogenicity and interference by endogenous biotin may complicate clinical translation of these findings into human trials. METHODS: To prospectively address these potential limitations and to further enhance therapeutic efficacy of PRIT, we engineered an anti-human CD38 xanti-chelated radiometal fusion protein (FP) specifically designed to trap second-step radiolabeled ligand (Y-DOTA) using a very high affinity anti-Y-DOTA scFv (C825). The bispecific anti-CD38 FP construct (028Fc-C825) expressed in CHO cells was affinity purified, assessed by gel filtration chromatography and binding specificity to both CD38 and Y-DOTA was confirmed. In vivo experiments showed the absence of toxicity of the bispecific construct at a dose range of 0.14-2.8 nmol per mouse (n=5/group). Biodistribution studies were performed in athymic nude mice (n=5/group) bearing s.c. luciferase transduced NCI-H929Luc human MM xenograft tumors. Animals received 2.8 nmol (420 µg) of either 028-Fc-C825 (anti-CD38 FP) or an irrelevant matched negative control bi-specific FP 2H7-Fc-C825 (anti-CD20 FP) with the same modular IgG-scFv structure (NCI-H929Luc are CD20 negative). The bispecific FP was administered 23 hours prior to a synthetic DOTAY-Dextran clearing agent (CA; 5 µg) and 24 hours prior to administration of trace labeled 90Y-DOTA (2 µg). In therapy studies, athymic nude mice (n=10/group) bearing s.c. NCI-H929Luc human MM xenograft tumors received 2.8 nmol of either 028-Fc-C825 (anti-CD38 FP) or 2H7-Fc-C825 (anti-CD20 FP) 23 hours prior to synthetic DOTAY-Dextran CA and 24 hrs prior to 90Y-DOTA (2 µg; 1200 µCi per mouse). An activity range of 800 µCi to 1200 µCi was previously identified as optimal in a MM xenograft model using the high energy beta particle emitter 90Y (t1/2 = 64 hours) [Green, et al. Cancer Res. 2014]. RESULTS: Selective tumor targeting of 90Y ligand to CD38+ xenografts was observed following administration of the bispecific anti-CD38 FP. Blood, tumor and nonspecific organ uptakes of 028-Fc-C825 demonstrated tumor-to-normal organ absorbed ratios that were 15:1; 17:1; 9:1; and 13:1, respectively for blood, lung, liver and kidney; compared to 0.7:1; 1:1; 1:1 and 0.5:1, respectively, in mice pretargeted with 2H7-Fc-C825 (control). The bispecific anti-CD38 FP also resulted in tumor-to-normal organ ratios of absorbed radioactivity that were superior to those measured in animals receiving anti-CD38 SAB-PRIT (OKT10-SA chemical conjugate) in the same study (5:1; 8:1; 5:1 and 2:1 for blood, lung, liver and kidney respectively). In therapy studies, no animal in any group lost >7% of initial body weight and by day 11 anti-CD38 bispecific FP treated animals were 102.4% ± 3.4% of baseline weight. All mice in the control bispecific FP group experienced exponential MM tumor growth and 100% of these control animals required euthanasia within 27 days. All mice pretargeted with 028-Fc-C825 (anti-CD38 bispecific FP) demonstrated tumor response by day 6. After 45 days, 100% of the anti-CD38 bispecific FP treated animals remained alive (Figure A) and objective remissions were observed within 18 days in 100% of the mice treated with 028-Fc-C825 followed by 1200 µCi of 90Y-DOTA, including 90% complete remissions (no detectable tumor in 028Fc-C825 treated mice) compared to tumors that were 2040 ± 1389% of initial tumor volume [p CONCLUSION: Biodistribution studies demonstrate MM tumor specific targeting after anti-CD38 xanti-chelated radiometal FP with minimal levels of yttrium-90 radioactivity detected in normal organs. Tumor responses are very encouraging in this MM xenograft model and results support clinical evaluation of bispecific anti-CD38 FP PRIT in MM. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare
Comparative Analysis of Bispecific Antibody and Streptavidin-Targeted Radioimmunotherapy for B-cell Cancers
Streptavidin (SA)-biotin pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) that targets CD20 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) exhibits remarkable efficacy in model systems, but SA immunogenicity and interference by endogenous biotin may complicate clinical translation of this approach. In this study, we engineered a bispecific fusion protein (FP) that evades the limitations imposed by this system. Briefly, one arm of the FP was an anti-human CD20 antibody (2H7) with the other arm of the FP an anti-chelated radiometal trap for a radiolabeled ligand (yttrium[Y]-DOTA) captured by a very high-affinity anti-Y-DOTA scFv antibody (C825). Head-to-head biodistribution experiments comparing SA-biotin and bispecific FP (2H7-Fc-C825) PRIT in murine subjects bearing human lymphoma xenografts demonstrated nearly identical tumor targeting by each modality at 24 hrs. However, residual radioactivity in the blood and normal organs was consistently higher following administration of 1F5-SA compared to 2H7-Fc-C825. Consequently, tumor-to-normal tissue ratios of distribution were superior for 2H7-Fc-C825 (p<0.0001). Therapy studies in subjects bearing either Ramos or Granta subcutaneous lymphomas demonstrated that 2H7-Fc-C825 PRIT is highly effective and significantly less myelosuppressive than 1F5-SA (p<0.0001). All animals receiving optimal doses of 2H7-Fc-C825 followed by (90)Y-DOTA were cured by 150 days, whereas the growth of tumors in control animals progressed rapidly with complete morbidity by 25 days. In addition to demonstrating reduced risk of immunogenicity and an absence of endogenous biotin interference, our findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for the preferred use of bispecific PRIT in future clinical trials, due to a slightly superior biodistribution profile, less myelosuppression and superior efficacy