Economic sanctions against Russia: italian point of view

This article is devoted to the impact of economic sanctions against Russia imposed by the European Union on the economy of Italy and reflects the views of the Italians. Special attention is paid to the losses incurred by the economy of Italy

Kinetic Solvers with Adaptive Mesh in Phase Space

An Adaptive Mesh in Phase Space (AMPS) methodology has been developed for solving multi-dimensional kinetic equations by the discrete velocity method. A Cartesian mesh for both configuration (r) and velocity (v) spaces is produced using a tree of trees data structure. The mesh in r-space is automatically generated around embedded boundaries and dynamically adapted to local solution properties. The mesh in v-space is created on-the-fly for each cell in r-space. Mappings between neighboring v-space trees implemented for the advection operator in configuration space. We have developed new algorithms for solving the full Boltzmann and linear Boltzmann equations with AMPS. Several recent innovations were used to calculate the discrete Boltzmann collision integral with dynamically adaptive mesh in velocity space: importance sampling, multi-point projection method, and the variance reduction method. We have developed an efficient algorithm for calculating the linear Boltzmann collision integral for elastic and inelastic collisions in a Lorentz gas. New AMPS technique has been demonstrated for simulations of hypersonic rarefied gas flows, ion and electron kinetics in weakly ionized plasma, radiation and light particle transport through thin films, and electron streaming in semiconductors. We have shown that AMPS allows minimizing the number of cells in phase space to reduce computational cost and memory usage for solving challenging kinetic problems

Investigation of Using Natural Aromatizers of Lemon Essential Oil in Ayurvedic Culinary

There was considered a possibility of using natural aromatizers in ayurvedic culinary, namely fractions that act as a product of lemon essential oil. There was presented the component ratio and characteristic of a fragrance of a terpene fraction and terpenoid one, obtained by the gas-chromatographic analysis on a nozzle column with a stable dynonyl phthalate fraction by the standard method.A classic salad sauce “Vinaigrette” was chosen as a research subject. The introduction of natural aromatizers was conducted at the final stage of mixing olive oil and other ingredients of the dish. The optimal amount of aromatizers was determined empirically by sensor analysis results. During the studies, it has been established, that a fraction of lemon essential oil No. 1 must be introduced in amount 0,1 g for 1000 g of the ready product, a fraction of lemon essential oil No. 2 – 0,125 g for 1000 g of the ready product.As far as terpenes and terpenoids of lemon essential oil are natural substances of the initial raw material, stimulating food juices extraction, it allows to state about the activation of so-called “digestive fire” at using the aromatized sauce

Implification of ephippium analysis (Cladocera, branchiopoda, crustacea) for reconstruction of past environmental changes in central yakutia, Russia

© SGEM2017. All Rights Reserved. The aim of our investigation is to reconstruct the local and regional palaeoenvironmental conditions and to highlight the rapid evolution of the thermokarst lake during the Holocene climate optimum. The investigated lake was located in Central Yakutia, Siberia, Russia. The investigated core was collected in a small pingo within a large Central Yakutian thermokarst Khara Bulgunnyakh basin (alas). According to ephippium analysis the formation of the lake coincided with the Holocene climatic optimum. Using cluster analysis we identified three statistically significant ecological zones that reflected changes in the species composition of sub-fossil cladoceran communities and sharp increase in concentrations of ephippia per sample. The period of optimal conditions for Cladocera that took place between 6500 and 6350 cal. yrs. BP is characterized by complex community structures and numerous resisting eggs of cladoceran remains deposited in sediments. Development of the lake ecosystem was rapid and it disappeared quite quickly

Instructions for laboratory training in Special Microbiology and Virology for students of Faculty of Dentistry

МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯМЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ РАБОТЫВИРУСОЛОГИЯИНОСТРАННЫЕ СТУДЕНТЫПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ НАВЫКИСодержатся план, программа практических занятий и основные практические навыки по общей микробиологии и вирусологии

Компетенция органов местного самоуправления крупнейших городов в сфере обеспечения социально-экономического развития

The subject of the article is legal issues of municipal authorities’ activities in the field of socioeconomic development.The purpose of the article is to identify trends in the legal regulation of socioeconomic issues of organizing local self-government in the largest cities of the Russian Federation. The methodology includes formal legal interpretation of Russian legislative acts, decisions of Russian Constitutional Court as well as systemic analysis of municipal acts.The main results, scope of application. The article analyzes the division of powers between regional and municipal authorities. At the present stage of development of Russian federalism, a rather complex and unstable model of delimitation of powers between levels of public authority has developed, which does not contribute to the socio-economic development of municipalities. distribution of powers between levels of public authority. The question of the delimitation of powers acquires new content in the formation of urban districts with intracity division and intracity districts in the largest cities. Based on the experience of organization and activities of urban districts with intracity division of Chelyabinsk and Samara, the problems and prospects of this approach to territorial planning and the distribution of powers between levels of public authority are outlined. Special attention is paid to the problem of finding a balance between centralization and decentralization of local self-government. In this aspect, the issue of a more effective delimitation of powers between different levels of public authority comes to the fore in order to maintain a unified urban policy in the field of ensuring the socio-economic development of the largest cities of the Russian Federation.Conclusions. A comprehensive approach is needed to delineate powers between levels of public authority, taking into account the importance of the largest cities in the spatial development of the Russian economy and their role in the formation of urban agglomerations. Only centralized administration makes it possible to develop a unified urban infrastructure. Therefore, improving the interaction of public authorities and local self-government is a necessary condition and the most important area of work in major cities that requires joint efforts. However, at the same time, it is necessary to avoid the degeneration of local self-government into a state one and the loss of the internal content of this institution of public power.На основе выявления тенденций правового регулирования вопросов организации местного самоуправления в крупнейших городах Российской Федерации проводится анализ разграничения полномочий между региональными и муниципальными органами власти. Отдельное внимание уделяется проблеме поиска баланса между централизацией и децентрализацией местного самоуправления. В этом аспекте на первый план выходит вопрос более эффективного разграничения полномочий между различными уровнями публичной власти с целью сохранения единой городской политики в сфере обеспечения социально-экономического развития крупнейших городов Российской Федерации. Сформулирован вывод о необходимости комплексного подхода к разграничению полномочий между уровнями публичной власти с учетом значимости крупнейших городов в пространственном развитии российской экономики и их роли в формировании городских агломераций

The organization of the rating system for assessing the quality of university students training

In spite the universities use the rating system of assessing for a quite long time, this issue is still not fully considered. The article is based on the position of insufficient state of knowledge of the multifunctionality of the students rating. The rating helps to reveal the potential of students. It is mentioned that the rating system of assessment is a tool that will improve the quality of training and provide the required level of motivation. During the research, the following methods were used: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction. As a result, the principles of the rating assessment system were revealed, a definition of the term "Rating" was given, its goals were indicated. As an example of the organization of the rating system of assessment, the Nyzhnii Novhorod State Pedagogical University and its "Regulations on the rating system for assessing the quality of student training" were used. It is noted that the rating includes: current check, midterm and final examinations. Further, all possible conditions under which the student receives points were identified and considered. On the example of the NSPU named after Kozma Minin transferring of the rating points into a five-point grading rating system is presented. Also, the types of violations for which points are discarded, are considered. As the study showed, comprehensive planned system yields productive results for students and the university.peer-reviewe

Синтез та фізико-хімічні властивості алкіл-2-((5-(1Н-тетразол-1-іл)метилен-4-R-1,2,4-триазол-3-іл)тіо)етан(пропан,бенз)імідатів

The synthesis of new biologically active compounds that will replace expensive foreign medicines at the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine is one of the most important directions in development of modern pharmacy and medicine. The synthesis, study of physicochemical and biological properties of new compounds containing 1,2,4-triazole and 1H-tetrazole cores are important tasks of modern synthetic chemistry.Aim. To synthesize new highly efficient and low-toxic substances, namely alkil-2-((5-(1Н-tetrazole-1-yl)methyl-4-R-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)etan(propan,benz)imidates, and study physicochemical properties of all compounds synthesized.Results and discussion. Twelve new compounds have been obtained as a result of synthetic transformations, the structure of compounds synthesized has been confirmed by modern complex of physicochemical methods of analysis (IR-spectrophotometry, 1H NMR-spectroscopy, elemental analysis), and their individuality has been proven on an Agilent 1260 Infinity HPLC high-performance liquid chromatograph equipped with an Agilent 6120 mass spectrometer.Experimental part. As starting materials for the synthesis of alkil-2-((5-(1Н-tetrazole-1-yl)methyl-4-R-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)etan(propan,benz)imidates the corresponding 2-((5-(1Н-tetrazole-1-yl)methyl-4-R-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)aceto(propane,benzo)nitriles were used. The synthesis was carried out in the absolute alcohol medium (propanol, butanol, octanol or allyl alcohol) with chloroform. Conclusions. During synthetic and physicochemical studies the preparative methods for the synthesis of alkil-2-((5-(1Н-tetrazole-1-yl)methyl-4-R-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)etan(propan,benz)imidates have been developed, the structure of the compounds synthesized has been determined and finally confirmed.Одним из приоритетных направлений современной фармации и медицины является синтез новых отечественных биологически активных соединений, которые будут заменять дорогие зарубежные аналоги на фармацевтическом рынке. Сегодня актуальным является синтез, изучение физико-химических и биологических свойств новых соединений, которые включают ядра 1,2,4-триазола и 1,2,3,4-тетразола.Цель. Целенаправленный синтез соединений, содержащих ядро1,2,4-триазола и ядро 1Н-тетразола, изучение физико-химических свойств синтезированных соединений.Результаты и их обсуждение. В результате синтеза получено 12 новых соединений, строение которых подтверждено с помощью комплекса современных физико-химических методов анализа (ИК-спектрофотометрии, 1Н ЯМР-спектроскопии, элементного анализа), а их индивидуальность подтверждена с помощью жидкостного хроматографа Agilent 1260 Infinity HPLC, оборудованного масс-спектрометром Agilent 6120.Экспериментальная часть. Для синтеза алкил-2-((5-(1Н-тетразол-1-ил)метилен-4-R-1,2,4-триазол-3-ил)тио)этан(пропан,бенз)имидатов в качестве исходных веществ использовали 2-((5-(1Н-тетразол-1-ил)метил-4-R-1,2,4-триазол-3-ил)тио)ацето(пропан,бензо)нитрилы. Синтез проводили в среде соответствующего абсолютного спирта (пропанола, бутанола, октанола или аллилового спирта) в присутствии хлороформа.Выводы. Во время синтетических и физико-химических исследований разработаны препаративные методики синтеза алкил-2-((5-(1Н-тетразол-1-ил)метилен-4-R-1,2,4-триазол-3-ил)тио)этан(пропан,бенз)имидатов, установлено и окончательно подтверждено строение всех синтезированных соединений.Одним із пріоритетних напрямків сучасної фармації та медицини є синтез нових вітчизняних біологічно активних сполук, які будуть замінювати дорогі закордонні аналоги на фармацевтичному ринку. На теперішній час актуальним є синтез, вивчення фізико-хімічних та біологічних властивостей нових сполук, які містять ядра 1,2,4-триазолу та 1Н-тетразолу.Мета. Цілеспрямований синтез сполук, що містять ядро 1,2,4-триазолу та ядро 1Н-тетразолу, вивчення фізико-хімічних властивостей синтезованих сполук.Результати та їх обговорення. В результаті синтетичних перетворень отримано 12 нових сполук, будову яких підтверджено за допомогою комплексу сучасних фізико-хімічних методів аналізу (ІЧ-спектрофотометрії, 1Н ЯМР-спектроскопії, елементного аналізу), а їх індивідуальність підтвердили на рідинному хроматографі Agilent 1260 Infinity HPLC, обладнаного мас-спектрометром Agilent 6120.Експериментальна частина. Для синтезу алкіл-2-((5-(1Н-тетразол-1-іл)метилен-4-R-1,2,4-триазол-3-іл)тіо)етан(пропан,бенз)імідатів як вихідні речовини використали 2-((5-(1Н-тетразол-1-іл)метил-4-R-1,2,4-триазол-3-іл)тіо)ацето(пропан,бензо)нітрили. Синтез проводили у середовищі відповідного абсолютного спирту (пропанолу, бутанолу, октанолу або алілового спирту) у присутності хлороформу. Висновки. Під час синтетичних та фізико-хімічних досліджень розроблені препаративні методики синтезу алкіл-2-((5-(1Н-тетразол-1-іл)метилен-4-R-1,2,4-триазол-3-іл)тіо)етан(пропан,бенз)імідатів, встановлено та остаточно підтверджено будову всіх синтезованих сполук