Formalisering og sikkerhet i luftfarten

Masteroppgave i luftfartsledelse (MBA) - Universitetet i Nordland, 201

Evidence that Listeria innocua modulates its membrane's stored curvature elastic stress, but not fluidity, through the cell cycle.

This paper reports that the abundances of endogenous cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine halve during elongation of the Gram-positive bacterium Listeria innocua. The lyotropic phase behaviour of model lipid systems that describe these modulations in lipid composition indicate that the average stored curvature elastic stress of the membrane is reduced on elongation of the cell, while the fluidity appears to be maintained. These findings suggest that phospholipid metabolism is linked to the cell cycle and that changes in membrane composition can facilitate passage to the succeding stage of the cell cycle. This therefore suggests a means by which bacteria can manage the physical properties of their membranes through the cell cycle

Metabolic Changes in Urine during and after Pregnancy in a Large, Multiethnic Population-Based Cohort Study of Gestational Diabetes

This study aims to identify novel markers for gestational diabetes (GDM) in the biochemical profile of maternal urine using NMR metabolomics. It also catalogs the general effects of pregnancy and delivery on the urine profile. Urine samples were collected at three time points (visit V1: gestational week 8–20; V2: week 28±2; V3:10–16 weeks post partum) from participants in the STORK Groruddalen program, a prospective, multiethnic cohort study of 823 healthy, pregnant women in Oslo, Norway, and analyzed using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Metabolites were identified and quantified where possible. PCA, PLS-DA and univariate statistics were applied and found substantial differences between the time points, dominated by a steady increase of urinary lactose concentrations, and an increase during pregnancy and subsequent dramatic reduction of several unidentified NMR signals between 0.5 and 1.1 ppm. Multivariate methods could not reliably identify GDM cases based on the WHO or graded criteria based on IADPSG definitions, indicating that the pattern of urinary metabolites above micromolar concentrations is not influenced strongly and consistently enough by the disease. However, univariate analysis suggests elevated mean citrate concentrations with increasing hyperglycemia. Multivariate classification with respect to ethnic background produced weak but statistically significant models. These results suggest that although NMR-based metabolomics can monitor changes in the urinary excretion profile of pregnant women, it may not be a prudent choice for the study of GDM.The study was supported by grants from the University of Oslo and the Oslo Diabetes Research Centre. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Semantisk webteknologi for klinisk farmasi - Evaluering av beslutningsstøttesystem brukt til legemiddelgjennomgang for pasienter med nedsatt nyrefunksjon

Legemiddelgjennomgang er en del av legemiddelhåndteringsprosessen ment å kvalitetssikre pasienters legemiddelbruk, ivareta effekt og sikkerhet samt forebygge legemiddelrelaterte problemer. Helsepersonell har behov for å finne relevant legemiddelinformasjon under legemiddelgjennomgang. Mangel på søkeferdigheter og økende volum av informasjon fører til at søket etter informasjon er en tidkrevende og problematisk prosess. Målet med masteroppgaven var å bruke semantisk webteknologi for å gi beslutningsstøtte ved legemiddelgjennomgang. Forskningsspørsmålet som ble besvart var følgende: Hvordan kan et system basert på semantisk web-teknologi hjelpe kliniske farmasøyter til å gjøre legemiddelgjennomgang slik at - den blir mer presis - den utføres raskere - den øker kunnskapsnivået Vi utviklet en prototype der legemiddelgjennomgang utføres elektronisk for å besvare forskningspørsmålet. Prototypen gir beslutningstøtte i form av forslag til tiltak for legemidler der pasienten hadde nedsatt nyrefunksjon. For å svare på forskningspørsmålet utførte vi et eksperiment hvor kliniske farmasøyter skulle bruke prototypen under legemiddelgjennomgang. Eksperimentet sammenlignet utførelsen av legemiddelgjennomgang med og uten forslag til tiltak. Konklusjonen var at et system basert på semantisk web-teknologi hjelper kliniske farmasøyter til å gjøre legemiddelgjennomgang mer presis og oppnår et læringsutbytte

Protocol/guidelines for 800 MHz NMR Metabolomics, University of Oslo, version VII

The goal of this document is to enable users to be able to obtain NMR–metabolomics data on the 800 MHz NMR instrument at the UiO NMR Center. Interpretation of spectra is not (yet) covered. Statistical treatment of the data is also not covered (yet). A database at Ohio State University, which can help you with identification of individual molecules in the metabolomics samples, is mentioned in this document, but the use is not (yet) covered. In order to understand the content of this document the reader need to know how to perform standard nmr-experiments on Bruker nmr- spectrometers

Quantification of Fatty Acids and their Regioisomeric Distribution in Triacylglycerols from Porcine and Bovine Sources Using 13C NMR Spectroscopy

The uptake of specific fatty acids in humans is dependent on their position on the glycerol backbone. There is a great interest in methods that can access this information fast and accurately. By way of high‐resolution NMR, we have analyzed TAG extracted from pig and beef tissues and obtained quantitative data for the composition and regioisomeric distribution of all major unsaturated fatty acids usually found in these source materials, using a combination of manual integration and deconvolution of 13C NMR spectra. In addition, we have developed a method for determining composition and regioisomeric distribution of the two main saturated fatty acids found in pork (16:0, 18:0). The results are discussed in relation to species‐specific genetic characteristics of fatty acid and TAG biosynthesis. The developed method could support decisions related to breeding for desired fatty acid profiles, and stimulate further methodology developments using high field NMR

Isolation and structure elucidation of secopenitrem D, an indole alkaloid from Penicillium crustosum Thom

Chemical investigation of three isolates of Penicillium crustosum Thom cultures, one of which was derived from a recent dog poisoning investigation, has led to the isolation and structure elucidation of secopenitrem D (1). Penitrems A-F and roquefortine C were also present in the isolates analyzed. The structure of 1 was unambiguously assigned based on extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic experiments, MS-aided structural studies and by comparison with structurally related congeners. Secopenitrem D lacks the C-16−C-18 ether linkage present in penitrems A-F

Quantification of Fatty Acids and their Regioisomeric Distribution in Triacylglycerols from Porcine and Bovine Sources Using 13C NMR Spectroscopy

The uptake of specific fatty acids in humans is dependent on their position on the glycerol backbone. There is a great interest in methods that can access this information fast and accurately. By way of high-resolution NMR, we have analyzed TAG extracted from pig and beef tissues and obtained quantitative data for the composition and regioisomeric distribution of all major unsaturated fatty acids usually found in these source materials, using a combination of manual integration and deconvolution of 13C NMR spectra. In addition, we have developed a method for determining composition and regioisomeric distribution of the two main saturated fatty acids found in pork (16:0, 18:0). The results are discussed in relation to species-specific genetic characteristics of fatty acid and TAG biosynthesis. The developed method could support decisions related to breeding for desired fatty acid profiles, and stimulate further methodology developments using high field NMR

Identification of fatty acid esters of pectenotoxin-2 seco acid in blue mussels (mytilus edulis) from Ireland

Pectenotoxins from marine dinoflagellates of the genus Dinophysis are rapidly hydrolyzed by many shellfish to give pectenotoxin-2 seco acid, which isomerizes to 7-epi-pectenotoxin-2 seco acid. Three series of fatty acid esters of pectenotoxin-2 seco acid (PTX-2 seco acid) and 7-epi-PTX-2 seco acid were detected by LC-MS analysis of extracts from blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) from Ireland. The locations of the fatty acid ester linkages were identified by a combination of LC-MSn in positive- and negative-ion modes, LC-MS analysis of the products from reaction of the esters with sodium periodate, and NMR analysis of purified samples of the two most abundant ester derivatives. The 37-O-acyl esters of PTX-2 seco acid were the most abundant, followed by the corresponding 11-O-acyl esters, accompanied by low levels of the 33-O-acyl esters. The most abundant fatty acid esters in the fractionated sample were, in order, the 16:0, 22:6, 14:0, 16:1, 18:4, and 20:5 fatty acids, although a wide array of other PTX-2 seco acid fatty acid esters were also present at low levels

Compound "J'' in Late Cretaceous/Tertiary terrigenous oils revisited: Structure elucidation of a rearranged oleanane coeluting on GC with 18 beta(H)-oleanane

A C-30 pentacyclic triterpane eluting slightly after 18 alpha(H)-oleanane in the m/z 191 mass chromatograms of Late Cretaceous/Tertiary terrigenous oils (peak "J'' in the early literature) has been isolated from a Niger Delta oil and identified using NMR spectroscopy as 3 beta-methyl-24-nor-18 alpha(H)-oleanane. The previous assignment as 18 beta(H)-oleanane is therefore partly erroneous. 3 beta-Methyl-24-nor-18 alpha(H)-oleanane affords a larger m/z 412 - gt 356 response than the oleananes and the relative contribution of 3 beta-methyl-24-nor-18 alpha(H)-oleanane to the 412 - gt 191 "oleanane peak'' can be roughly estimated from comparison of the 412 - gt 356/412 - gt 191 ratio from the oleanane peak with that of the pure compounds. 3 beta-Methyl-24-nor-18 alpha(H)-oleanane can be as abundant as 18a(H)-oleanane in oils having a high concentration of early eluting rearranged oleananes. 3 beta-Methyl-24-nor-19 alpha(H)-taraxastane was also tentatively assigned in the oils on the basis of its mass spectrum as well as its gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography retention times. 3 beta-Methyl-24-nor-gammacerane was tentatively assigned in a similar way in an oil containing gammacerane. All 3 beta-methyl-24-nor-triterpanes could be formed via dehydration, rearrangement and hydrogenation of triterpenoids having an OH group at C-3. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved