Stories from the Flood: Narratives of Celilo Falls, 1805-2021

For 11,000 years, Celilo Falls was the most important salmon fishery and trading locale for Indigenous people living in the Columbia River Basin and the greater Pacific Northwest. In 1957, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers closed the floodgates of the newly constructed Dalles Dam, and, within four hours, Celilo Falls drowned. This thesis examines the inundation of Celilo Falls through the perspectives of narrative, meaning-making, and historical memory. The first chapter uses the writings of early nineteenth-century explorers and settlers, such as Lewis and Clark, and analyzes how the first American narratives of Celilo began the process of meaning-making for the space that would ultimately lead to inundation. The second chapter explores the conflict between Native people and Americans along the Columbia River during the twentieth century, looking at American art, songs, Native stories, newspaper articles, and government reports to better understand the perception of Celilo for Native and non-Native actors. The third chapter studies the era of dam construction and the negotiations between the U.S. government and Native people. Finally, the conclusion explores narratives of Celilo post-inundation. It analyzes Native storytelling, poetry, novels, and school curricula to understand how Celilo is remembered and memorialized. Additionally, it delves into conversations surrounding dam removal both in Maine and on the Columbia River. Influential narratives constructed and perpetuated by Americans in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries characterized Celilo Falls as a hindrance to progress and as a resource for technological advancement, which ultimately led to inundation. This starkly opposed the Native conceptualization of Celilo as a home, a meeting place, a place of bounty and wealth, and a space of cultural and spiritual importance. This thesis underscores the relationship between place, narrative, and meaning-making, as well as its consequential and lasting effects

Zentrifugale (antidrome) Nervenfasern im menschlichen Sehnerven

Sehnerven von zwei Patienten wurden histologisch untersucht, deren zugehörige Retinae einmal 11 und einmal 16 Jahre zuvor operativ entfernt wurden. In beiden Sehnerven wurden gleicherweise noch zahlreiche, feine Nervenfasern erhalten gefunden. Diese Tatsache wird als Beweis für die Existenz zentrifugaler Nervenfasern im Sehnerven des Menschen angesehen.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47364/1/417_2004_Article_BF00684757.pd

Judíos y redes personales en Tierra de Campos durante la segunda mitad del siglo XV: un Cuaderno de Minutas de Avecindamientos de Villalón

In the middle decades of the fifteenth century Jews were registered as local citizens in the municipal council records of individual Castilian towns. Traditionally, a citizen was recorded as belonging to a parish or parochial neighborhood within the local political community; this would exclude Jews by definition as they were designated separately as a religious caste. The study of unpublished documents related to the Castilian locale of Villalón –characterized by the economic importance of its fairs promoted by the 4th count of Benavente– in the region of Tierra de Campos during a period of general political disorder, records that the municipal council assigned citizenship to Jews in relation to their community (aljama) through which specific aspects of their lives were regulated, and by which the local council rather than other political instances assumed control of that community. With the help of other primary sources, these documents reveal the suggestion of personal networks in which Jewish physicians play a key role.En las décadas centrales del siglo XV algunos judíos fueron inscritos por las autoridades concejiles como vecinos en distintas localidades castellanas. Tradicionalmente, la vecindad se había caracterizado como una categoría de pertenencia a una comunidad política local, cuya participación estaría vetada a los judíos al considerarlos como una casta religiosa. Partiendo del estudio de documentación inédita relativa a la localidad castellana de Villalón –en un momento de auge de sus ferias impulsadas por el IV conde de Benavente– en Tierra de Campos, durante los años de desorden político general del reino, se propone una interpretación del avecindamiento de judíos que privilegia las relaciones de subordinación de la aljama respecto del concejo. Con ayuda de otras fuentes documentales, se ofrece un esbozo de las redes personales de judíos, subrayando el protagonismo de los médicos

Wound healing in glaucoma filtering surgery

Successful glaucoma filtering surgery is characterized by the passage of aqueous humor from the anterior chamber to the subconjunctival space, which results in the formation of a filtering bleb. Aqueous in the subconjunctival space may then exit by multiple pathways. Bled failure most often results from fibroblast proliferation and subconjunctival fibrosis. Factors associated with an increased risk of bleb failure include youth, aphakia, active anterior segment neovascularization, inflammation, previously failed glaucoma filtering surgery, and, possibly, race. Several surgical and pharmacologic techniques have recently been introduced to enhance success in eyes with poor surgical prognoses. To elucidate the scientific rationale of these methods, we summarize the process of wound healing after glaucoma filtering surgery and describe postoperative clinical and histopathologic features, factors which may affect success, and specific methods to improve surgical success.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/26516/1/0000054.pd