Aportaciones del análisis exploratorio de datos al estudio de la resistencia

El articulo presenta, a nivel introductorio, las técnicas agrupadas por Tukey y colaboradores bajo la denominación Análisis Exploratorio de Da- tos, renovadoras tanto en su concepción como procedimiento de la meto- dologia de análisis de datos en nuestros dias. Algunas de estas técnicas son consideradas ya como ccclásicas>> en recientes manuales de estadística. Sus caracteristicas principales, ejemplificadas en diversos campos de aplica- ción a 10 largo del texto, pueden resumirse en: a) potenciación de técnicas gráficas, b) maximización de la resistencia y robustez de 10s indicadores, c) minimización de 10s supuestos previos a la apIicaciÓn de técnicas de con- traste y ajuste, d) facilitar el uso de transformaciones sobre 10s datos origi- nales y e) atención especial a 10s residuales generados en el proceso de aná- lisis, todo el10 derivado de su focalización en índices descriptivos de posición, para simplificar el cctrabajo de detective numérico>> propugnado en sus trabajos. Palabras clave: Análisis Exploratorio de Datos (EDA), resistencia, robustez, promedio de cuartiles (e), trimedia (TRZM), centrimedia (MZD), mediana de las desviaciones absolutas (MAD), gráfico de tronco y hojas, gráfico de caja, ajuste de medianas, línea resistent

Análisi de Dades en Psicologia. Dossier d'ordinadors: l'Excel

A portada: Primer curs-Primer i segon semestre[eng] This document intends to provide the user with necessary tools to develop a basic statistical analysis through a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The two first sections deal with basic procedures to use the program as a spreadsheet, organise and create a data matrix. Sections three, four and five describe how to proceed in order to carry out a descriptive analysis of qualitative and quantitative variables, both from a univariant and bivariant approach. In the rest of sections reference is made to the necessary instructions to perform different tests under the framing of inferential statistics, as well as how to calculate statistical significance from different statistical figures.[cat] El present document pretén donar les eines bàsiques per tal que l'usuari pugui realitzar una anàlisi estadística bàsica a partir del full de càlcul Microsoft Excel. Ens els dos primers apartats es fa referència als procediments bàsics per utilitzar el programa com a full de càlcul, organitzar i crear una matriu dades. Els apartats tres, quatre i cinc descriuen com procedir per portar a terme una anàlisi descriptiva de variables qualitatives i quantitatives, tant des de la vessant univariant com bivariant. En els restants apartats es fa referència a les instruccions necessàries per realitzar diferents proves dins del marc de l'estadística inferencial així com calcular la significació estadística dels diferents estadístics.[spa] El presente documento pretende ofrecer las herramientas básicas para que el usuario pueda realizar un análisis estadístico básico a partir de la hoja de cálculo de Microsoft Excel. En los dos primeros apartados se hace referencia a los procedimientos básicos para utilizar el programa como hoja de cálculo, organizar y crear una matriz de datos. Los apartados tres cuatro y cinco describen como proceder para llevar a cabo un análisis descriptivo de variables cualitativas y cuantitativas, tanto des del enfoque univariante como bivariante. En los restantes apartados se hace referencia a las instrucciones necesarias para realizar distintas pruebas dentro del marco de la estadística inferencial, así como calcular la significación estadística de los diferentes estadísticos

Executive Function Training in Childhood Obesity: Food Choice, Quality of Life, and Brain Connectivity (TOuCH): A Randomized Control Trial Protocol

Background: Individuals with obesity are known to present cognitive deficits, especially in executive functions. Executive functions play an important role in health and success throughout the whole life and have been related to food decision-making and to the ability to maintain energy balance. It is possible to improve executive functions through targeted training. This would involve brain plasticity changes that could be studied through connectivity MRI. The general hypothesis of this study is that executive functions training in children with obesity can improve food choices and produce cognitive and neuroimaging changes (structural and functional connectivity), as well as improve emotional state and quality of life. Methods: Randomized controlled double-blind trial with 12-month follow-up. Thirty children with obesity will be randomly allocated into 'executive training' (Cognifit with adaptive difficulty + Cogmed) or 'control task' group (Cognifit without adaptive difficulty). Both groups will attend 30-45min of individual gamified training (Cogmed and/or Cognifit systems) by iPad, five times per week during 6 weeks. Cogmed and Cognifit software are commercially available from Pearson and Cognifit, respectively. Participants will receive an iPad with both apps installed for a 6-week use. Participants will also receive counseling diet information via presentations sent to the iPad and will wear a Fitbit Flex 2 tracker to monitor daily activity and sleep patterns.Main outcomes will be cognitive, emotional, food decision, and quality-of-life measures, as well as neuroimaging measures. Participants are evaluated at baseline (T0), after treatment (T1), and 12 months since baseline (T2). Discussion: Longitudinal study with active control group and 3 time points: baseline, immediately after treatment, and 1 year after baseline. Threefold treatment: executive function training, psychoeducation, and feedback on activity/sleep tracking. We will evaluate the transfer effects of the intervention, including emotional and functional outcomes, as well as the effects on neural plasticity by connectivity MRI

Parmbsc1: A refined force-field for DNA simulations

We present parmbsc1, a force field for DNA atomistic simulation, which has been parameterized from high-level quantum mechanical data and tested for nearly 100 systems (representing a total simulation time of ∼140 μs) covering most of DNA structural space. Parmbsc1 provides high-quality results in diverse systems. Parameters and trajectories are available at http://mmb.irbbarcelona.org/ParmBSC1/

Evaluation of mobile health technology combining telemonitoring and teleintervention versus usual care in vulnerable-phase heart failure management (HERMeS): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial

Background The potential of mobile health (mHealth) technology combining telemonitoring and teleintervention as a non-invasive intervention to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with heart failure during the early post-discharge period (ie, the vulnerable phase) has not been evaluated to our knowledge. We investigated the efficacy of incorporating mHealth into routine heart failure management in vulnerable-phase patients. Methods The Heart Failure Events Reduction with Remote Monitoring and eHealth Support (HERMeS) trial was a 24-week, randomised, controlled, open-label with masked endpoint adjudication, phase 3 trial conducted in ten centres (hospitals [n=9] and a primary care service [n=1]) experienced in heart failure management in Spain. We enrolled adults (aged >= 18 years) with heart failure diagnosed according to the 2016 European Society of Cardiology criteria (then-current clinical practice guidelines at the initiation of the trial) who had recently been discharged (within the preceding 30 days of enrolment) from a hospital admission that was due to heart failure decompensation, or who were in the process of discharge planning. After discharge, participants were centrally randomly assigned (1:1) via a web-based system to mHealth, comprising telemonitoring and preplanned structured health-care follow-up via videoconference, or usual care according to each centre's heart failure care framework including a nurse-led educational programme. The primary outcome was a composite of the occurrence of cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure events during the 6-month follow-up period, assessed by time-to-first-event analysis in the full analysis set by the intention-to-treat principle. No prospective systematic collection of harms information was planned. The HERMeS trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03663907, and is completed. Findings From May 15, 2018, to April 4, 2022, 506 participants (207 [41%] women and 299 [59%] men) were randomly assigned: 255 to mHealth and 251 to usual care. The mean age of participants was 73 years (SD 13). Follow-up ended prematurely in 51 (20%) of 255 participants in the mHealth group and 36 (14%) of 251 in the usual care group. During follow-up in the mHealth group, cardiovascular death or a worsening heart failure event occurred in 43 (17%) of 255 participants, compared with 102 (41%) of 251 in the usual care group (hazard ratio for time to first event 035 [95% CI 024-050]; p<00001; relative risk reduction 65% [95% CI 50-76]). No spontaneously reported harms were reported in either group during follow-up. Interpretation mHealth-based heart failure care combining teleintervention and telemonitoring reduced the risk of new fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events compared with usual care in people with a recent hospital admission due to heart failure decompensation. The current findings could help to improve the care of patients with heart failure in the transitional post-discharge period by encouraging integration of mHealth into clinical practice guidelines. Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Management and outcomes of patients with left atrial appendage thrombus prior to percutaneous closure.

Left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus has heretofore been considered a contraindication to percutaneous LAA closure (LAAC). Data regarding its management are very limited. The aim of this study was to analyse the medical and invasive treatment of patients referred for LAAC in the presence of LAA thrombus. This multicentre observational registry included 126 consecutive patients referred for LAAC with LAA thrombus on preprocedural imaging. Treatment strategies included intensification of antithrombotic therapy (IAT) or direct LAAC. The primary and secondary endpoints were a composite of bleeding, stroke and death at 18 months, and procedural success, respectively. IAT was the preferred strategy in 57.9% of patients, with total thrombus resolution observed in 60.3% and 75.3% after initial and subsequent IAT, respectively. Bleeding complications and stroke during IAT occurred in 9.6% and 2.9%, respectively, compared with 3.8% bleeding and no embolic events in the direct LAAC group before the procedure. Procedural success was 90.5% (96.2% vs 86.3% in direct LAAC and IAT group, respectively, p=0.072), without cases of in-hospital thromboembolic complications. The primary endpoint occurred in 29.3% and device-related thrombosis was found in 12.8%, without significant difference according to treatment strategy. Bleeding complications at 18 months occurred in 22.5% vs 10.5% in the IAT and direct LAAC group, respectively (p=0.102). In the presence of LAA thrombus, IAT was the initial management strategy in half of our cohort, with initial thrombus resolution in 60% of these, but with a relatively high bleeding rate (~10%). Direct LAAC was feasible, with high procedural success and absence of periprocedural embolic complications. However, a high rate of device-related thrombosis was detected during follow-up

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase&nbsp;1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation&nbsp;disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age&nbsp; 6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score&nbsp; 652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc&nbsp;= 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N&nbsp;= 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in&nbsp;Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in&nbsp;Asia&nbsp;and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study

: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSS® v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity &gt; 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI

Art, arquitectura i memòria al servei de la mort

Durant el segle XVIII, la implantació del concepte de progrés associat als corrents higienistes va promoure la separació física entre vius i morts a través de l’erecció de cementiris fora dels nuclis urbans. Aquest fet estigué propiciat per una legislació específica, però també pel desenvolupament d’uns sistemes urbanístics particulars i una tecnologia constructiva pròpia, que alhora generà uns paisatges culturals que han evolucionat amb el temps, i que responen a les singularitats de cada territori. En el cas de Barcelona, l’expansió demogràfica del segle XIX va comportar la creació de nous cementiris com els del Poblenou i Montjuïc, on es traduïa el sistema social de la ciutat, des de les classes més humils enterrades als fossars, fins als sumptuosos panteons de la burgesia. Fou especialment en aquests últims on arquitectes com Elias Rogent, Leandre Albareda o Josep Oriol Mestres erigiren projectes ben destacats, posteriorment decorats per alguns dels artistes més notables del moment. Tot plegat compon un extens llegat patrimonial dedicat a la memòria i la cultura, avui gestionat per Cementiris de Barcelona. El present volum dona la paraula a un conjunt d’especialistes que ofereixen les seves mirades des de diverses disciplines, i aporten un plantejament ampli i transversal del fenomen funerari. Finalment, la darrera part compon el catàleg de l’exposició “Herència i memòria”, dedicada a algunes de les obres de caràcter funerari més destacades de la Biblioteca de Fons Antic de la Universitat de Barcelona