Pedestrian–vehicle interaction at unsignalized crosswalks: a systematic review

A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), to generate a document that supports the development of future research, compiling the various studies focused on the analysis of the pedestrian-vehicle interaction at unsignalized crosswalks. Firstly, 381 studies were identified by applying the search protocol in the database sources; however, only nine studies were included in this review because most of the studies are not focused on this type of crosswalks or have not considered the micro-simulation perspective. For each study, an analysis of the used methodology for data collection was carried out, in addition to what type of model it was applied, including the variables that represent the PVI (Pedestrian-Vehicle Interaction). The outcomes obtained by this systematic review show that although the video camera observation technique is the most used, it is possible to complement them with other tools to add specific field information. Additionally, variables such as the adjacent yields, speed variables vehicles, pedestrian attitude, and the number of pedestrians waiting at the crossing were those most used in the cellular automata model or micro-simulation, which are the commonly developed models to simulate this interaction.This research was funded by “Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia”, through the project AnPeB–Pedestrian behavior analysis based on simulated environments and their incorporation into risk modeling (PTDC/ECMTRA/3568/2014)

Análise exploratória dos conflitos veiculo-peão com recurso à micro simulação

O presente trabalho realiza um análise exploratório dos conflitos entre peões e veículos num atravessamento sem sinalização luminosa, usando o indicador proxy de segurança TTC (time to collision) como parâmetro principal para a comparação dos resultados dos conflitos observados in situ e os modelados. Foi usado o software de simulação microscópica (VISSIM) e software SSAM (Surrogate Safety Assessment model). Para obter a informação no local do comportamento do condutor e o peão antes, durante e depois do atravessamento, usou-se a técnica de observação, a qual consistiu nas filmagens com vídeo camara durante às horas pontas do dia (2 horas). Esta informação foi processada com ajuda do software Traffic Intelligence para obtenção das trajetórias e velocidades das entidades (peão e veículo) tendo como objetivo o cálculo do TTC observado. Não foi feita uma calibração para o modelo em VISSIM, mas foram usados parâmetros calibrados de outros estudos que apresentaram similitudes nas condições do fluxo veicular, pedonais e geométricas com o local em estudo. Para analisar adaptação dos parâmetros foi usado o índice GEH para verificar que os resultados do modelo estivessem dentro do limiar adequado de aceitação de resultados (menor a 10%, de acordo com a literatura). Apesar da diferença entre o TTC modelado (determinado pelo SSAM) e o observado a qual foi de 54%, este trabalho fornece uma base metodológica para a determinação dos conflitos peão-veículo

O turismo na reserva de desenvolvimento sustentável Amanã pela perspectiva das comunidades locais

El turismo comunitario es un modelo de actividad que prioriza el encuentro y el respeto entre los anfitriones y los visitantes, al buscar el empoderamiento local para lograr la autogestión y la emancipación social. Esa forma de turismo se incrementa en zonas rurales de naturaleza preservada donde habitan poblaciones tradicionales y se perfila como tendencia en los entornos como la Amazonía. La Reserva de Desarrollo Sostenible Amanã, en el estado de Amazonas, alberga a comunidades que buscan desarrollar formas propias de turismo, asociadas a la conservación y valorización de la cultura. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar algunas opiniones de los habitantes de la Reserva Amanã sobre el turismo, recogidas a través de entrevistas, encuentros o durante investigaciones etnográficas a lo largo de más de una década de investigación en la región. La diversidad de posiciones y expectativas revelan las diferentes perspectivas y el carácter continuo del proceso de construcción del planeamiento de actividades, que lleva la esperanza de los habitantes en lograr mejoras en sus vidas. Las deficiencias estructurales y el desamparo gubernamental aparecen como limitaciones al progreso local que pueden ser un obstáculo para el turismo o ser parcialmente suplidas por el desarrollo de la actividad.Community-based tourism presents itself as an activity that prioritizes the encounter and the respect between hosts and guests, seeking local empowerment to achieve self-management and social emancipation. This form of tourism has been growing in rural areas of preserved nature where traditional populations live, standing out as a trend in environments such as the Amazon. The Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve, in the state of Amazonas, houses communities that seek to develop their own forms of tourism, associated to the conservation and the valorization of culture. The objective of this work is to present some opinions of residents of Amanã Reserve about tourism collected with interviews in meetings or during ethnographic research over more than a decade of investigations in the region. The diversity of positions and expectations reveal the different perspectives and the continuous nature of the construction process of tourist planning, which carries with it the residents’ hope in achieving improvements in their lives. Structural deficiencies and governmental helplessness appear as limitations to local progress, which can either be an obstacle for tourism or be partially met by the development of the activity.O turismo de base comunitária se apresenta como um modelo de atividade que prioriza o encontro e o respeito entre os anfitriões e visitantes, buscando o empoderamento local para atingir a autogestão e a emancipação social. Esta forma de turismo vem crescendo em áreas rurais de natureza preservada onde habitam populações tradicionais e desponta como uma tendência para ambientes como a Amazônia. A Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Amanã, no Amazonas, abriga comunidades que procuram desenvolver suas próprias formas de turismo, associadas à conservação e à valorização da cultura. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar algumas opiniões de moradores da Reserva Amanã sobre o turismo, colhidas por meio de entrevistas, em reuniões ou durante pesquisa de caráter etnográfico, ao longo de mais de uma década de investigações na região. A diversidade de posições e expectativas revelam as diferentes perspectivas e o caráter contínuo do processo de construção do planejamento da atividade, que carrega consigo a esperança dos moradores em conquistar melhorias em suas vidas. Carências estruturais e desamparo governamental aparecem como limitações para o progresso local que podem tanto ser um empecilho para o turismo, quanto serem parcialmente atendidas pelo desenvolvimento da atividade

MicroRNA signature refine response prediction in CML

microRNAs (miRs) dysregulation have emerged as a crucial step in tumorigenesis, being related with cancer development, progression and response to treatment. In chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), the resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) is responsible for treatment failure and could be linked to changes in miRs expression. This work aimed to correlate the expression levels of 3 miRs, miR-21, miR-26b and miR-451, with response to TKI treatment in CML patients. miR-451 levels at diagnosis were significantly higher in patients with optimal response after 6 and 12 months of therapy. Conversely, patients without optimal response had highest levels of miR-21. miR-21 and miR-451 appear to be good biomarkers of response, able to predict optimal TKI responders (p < 0.05). Using the combined profile of both miRs, we create a predictive model of optimal response after one year of treatment. This study highlights the role of miR-21 and miR-451 expression levels at diagnosis in predicting which patients achieve the optimal response.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Fear for manufacturing? China and the future of industry in Brazil and Latin America

There has been considerable concern in Latin America over the implications of increased competition from China for local industry. These concerns include the possibility of "deindustrialization," the increased "primarization" of the region's exports and the difficulties of upgrading manufactured exports into higher technology products. This article examines the impact of Chinese competition both in the domestic market and in export markets on Brazilian industry. It documents the increased penetration of Chinese manufactures in the Brazilian market and the way in which Brazilian exports have lost market share to China in the US, European Union and four Latin American countries. Brazil, because of its more developed and locally integrated industrial sector, is not typical of other Latin American countries and the article also discusses the relevance of the Brazilian experience for the region as a whole

Traditional knowledge and techniques in the exploration of mangrove resources in the coastal zone of the amazon

Os manguezais são considerados áreas sob pressão antrópica pelo constante aumento da exploração de seus recursos, desmatamento e avanço da urbanização. Essa pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar a mobilização social como forma de construção sustentável do território. Assim, realizou-se um estudo de caso utilizando dados secundários e informações coletadas junto às comunidades. Buscando defender os recursos naturais, os moradores uniram-se formando um conselho para a criação da Reserva Extrativista (RESEX) de São João da Ponta. Os pescadores locais têm até 21 artes de pesca para captura de caranguejo. Esse conhecimento permitiu que eles adaptassem artes menos invasivas e mais sustentáveis ao habitat dos caranguejos. Os dados de mudança de uso e cobertura da Terra mostram que o mangue permaneceu inalterado na região e em 2018 representava 16,67% de toda a vegetação existente no município. A formação de pastagens não apresenta bons resultados, de tal forma que a pecuária no município, além de produzir impactos, não está sendo implantada de maneira produtiva. Ao desenvolver este estudo pôde-se perceber que as soluções para problemas socioambientais nessa região devem surgir a partir da integração do conhecimento técnico com o conhecimento local sobre o território, sendo uma abordagem recomendada para projetos futuros.Mangroves are considered areas under anthropic pressure due to the constant increase in the exploitation of their natural resources, deforestation, and the urbanisation. This research aimed to investigate social mobilisation as a form of sustainable construction of the territory. Hence, a case study was carried out, using secondary data and information collected from the communities Seeking to defend the natural resources, the residents of the Municipality of São João da Ponta, formed a council to create an Extractive Reserve (RESEX) in the region. The local fisheries utilise over 21 fishing techniques to capture crabs. This knowledge allowed them to adopt less invasive and more sustainable methods to preserve the crabs' habitat. Data on land-use change and coverage show that the mangrove remained unchanged in the region and, in 2018 represented 16.67% of all vegetation in the municipality. Thus, the formation of pastures does not show good results, once that livestock in the municipality produces environmental impacts and is not being implemented productively. Therefore, it was possible to comprehend that the solutions to socioenvironmental problems in this region must arise from the integration of technical knowledge with local knowledge about the territory, being a recommended approach for future projects.Fil: Becerra Ruiz, Melgris Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Subsede San Martín de Los Andes-inibioma | Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Subsede San Martín de Los Andes-inibioma.; Argentina. Universidade Federal do Pará; BrasilFil: Freitas, Stephanie Jael Negrão de. Universidade Federal do Pará; BrasilFil: Tavares, Paulo Amador. Universidade Federal do Pará; BrasilFil: Pimentel, Marcia Aparecida da Silva. Universidade Federal do Pará; Brasi

Genetic variants of ABC and SLC transporter genes and chronic myeloid leukaemia: impact on susceptibility and prognosis

Solute carrier (SLC) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters comprise a variety of proteins expressed on cell membranes responsible for intrusion or extrusion of substrates, respectively, including nutrients, xenobiotics, and chemotherapeutic agents. These transporters mediate the cellular disposition of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and their genetic variants could affect its function, potentially predisposing patients to chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and modulating treatment response. We explored the impact of genetic variability (single nucleotide variants—SNVs) of drug transporter genes (ABCB1, ABCG2, SLC22A1, and SLC22A5) on CML susceptibility, drug response, and BCR-ABL1 mutation status. We genotyped 10 SNVs by tetra-primers-AMRS-PCR in 198 CML patients and 404 controls, and assessed their role in CML susceptibility and prognosis. We identified five SNVs associated with CML predisposition, with some variants increasing disease risk, including TT genotype ABCB1 (rs1045642), and others showing a protective effect (GG genotype SLC22A5 rs274558). We also observed different haplotypes and genotypic profiles associated with CML predisposition. Relating to drug response impact, we found that CML patients with the CC genotype (rs2231142 ABCG2) had an increased risk of TKI resistance (six-fold). Additionally, CML patients carrying the CG genotype (rs683369 SLC22A1) presented a 4.54-fold higher risk of BCR-ABL1 mutations. Our results suggest that drug transporters’ SNVs might be involved in CML susceptibility and TKI response, and predict the risk of BCR-ABL1 mutations, highlighting the impact that SNVs could have in therapeutic selection.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cloudina-Corumbella-Namacalathus association from the Itapucumi Group, Paraguay: Increasing ecosystem complexity and tiering at the end of the Ediacaran

The intriguing Ediacaran fossil Namacalathus is described from limestones of the Tagatiya Guazú Formation, Itapucumi Group, Paraguay. This is the fifth occurrence of the genus in the Ediacaran geological record. The Paraguayan Namacalathus specimens are preserved as partially complete spheroidal cups with an opening at the top and thin walled stems. The remains of this soft-calcified globe-shaped organism occur as sparse disarticulated parautochthonous fragments within bioclastic deposits dominated by Cloudina shells with subordinate Corumbella fragments. The co-occurrence of these three skeletal metazoan species in the same environmental context attests that the diversity of the Paraguayan accumulations is ecologically comparable to the typical skeletal assemblage of the Nama Group. The discovery of new samples of Namacalathus in the Itapucumi Group also indicates that this genus presented a broader paleobiogeographic distribution than previously thought and, in the same way as Cloudina, it represents a low latitude, shallow water metazoan of the Ediacaran Gondwana.Centro de Investigaciones Geológica