Sentence contexts and cloze probabilities for Brazilian Portuguese children and adolescents

Purpose In this study we investigated a set of 100 sentence contexts and their cloze probabilities to develop a database of linguistic stimuli for Brazilian Portuguese children and adolescents. The study also examined age-related changes on cloze probabilities, and specified the predictor effects of age and cloze probabilities on idiosyncratic responses and errors (semantic, syntactic, and other errors). Finally, the study also aimed to shed light on cultural effects on word generation by comparing Brazilian and Portuguese sentence databases. Method 361 typically developing monolingual Brazilian speakers, with ages ranging from 7 to 18 years, participated in the study. The cloze task was composed by 100 sentence contexts, grounded on the European Portuguese database. Responses were classified as valid (correct) or invalid (semantic, syntactic, and other-type errors). Statistical analyses were based on mixed-effects logistic models. Results Sixty-three sentences met criteria for high cloze probabilities, 30 for medium cloze, and 7 for low cloze. Age was a significant predictor of idiosyncratic responses, semantic and syntactic errors: older participants were less likely to produce idiosyncratic responses, as well as semantic and syntactic errors. Cloze probability values were concordant in the Brazilian and Portuguese databases for 31 out of 49 (83.7%) high-cloze sentences and for 7 low-cloze sentences. Conclusion In this study we have provided a database with cloze probability values for a set of 100 sentence-final word contexts for Brazilian Portuguese children and adolescents. Results showed that both age and sentence contextual level predicted sentence final word completion. Older participants were more likely to choose more consistently the same final word, with the contextual level of a given sentence also contributing to the final word selection. Age should be controlled for in future studies probing semantic processing with this set of sentences.- This research was supported by Grants from Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior (CAPES), and by a Post-Doctoral Fellowship at the University of Minho (Process BEX 9573/11-9). This study was partially conducted at the Psychology Research Centre (PSI/01662), University of Minho, and supported by the Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia sobre Comportamento, Cognicao e Ensino, with funding of the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq, process no 465686/2014-1), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP, process no 2014/50909-8), Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (UID/PSI/01662/2019), through the national funds (PIDDAC) and by national funds from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (Grant PTDC/PSI-PCL/115316/2009). CSM was partially supported by CMUP (UID/MAT/00144/2013), which is financed by national funds through FCT (Portugal) under the project with reference UIDB/00144/2020

ANESTESIA GERAL DURANTE TIREOIDECTOMIAS: MONITORAMENTO E MANEJO INTRAOPERATÓRIO

Thyroidectomy is a common surgery to treat various conditions of the thyroid gland, including cancer, goiter and hyperthyroidism. General anesthesia is often used to ensure the procedure is carried out safely and effectively. This study examines the importance of intraoperative monitoring and management during thyroidectomy, highlighting best practices and the most advanced technologies to minimize complications and optimize surgical outcomes. Objective: Investigate and improve anesthetic practices to increase the safety and effectiveness of thyroidectomies. Methodology: The Cochrane, Scielo and Pubmed databases were used, searching for articles published between 2019 and 2021, in Portuguese or English. Final Considerations: General anesthesia during thyroidectomies, combined with adequate intraoperative monitoring and management, is crucial to ensure the safety and success of the surgery. Therefore, advanced monitoring techniques and careful airway management are essential to minimize risks and complications. Thus, interdisciplinary collaboration and continuous training of the professionals involved are fundamental to improving anesthetic practices and, thus, improving clinical results and patient well-being.A tireoidectomia é uma cirurgia comum para tratar diversas condições da glândula tireoide, incluindo câncer, bócio e hipertireoidismo. A anestesia geral é frequentemente utilizada para garantir que o procedimento seja realizado de forma segura e eficaz. Este estudo examina a importância do monitoramento e do manejo intraoperatório durante a tireoidectomia, destacando as melhores práticas e as tecnologias mais avançadas para minimizar complicações e otimizar os resultados cirúrgicos. Objetivo: : Investigar e aprimorar as práticas anestésicas para aumentar a segurança e a eficácia das tireoidectomias. Metodologia:  Foram utilizadas as bases de dados Cochrane, Scielo e Pubmed, buscando artigos publicados entre os anos de 2019 e 2021, nos idiomas Português ou Inglês. Considerações Finais: A anestesia geral durante tireoidectomias, combinada com monitoramento e manejo intraoperatório adequados, é crucial para garantir a segurança e o sucesso da cirurgia. Dessa forma, técnicas avançadas de monitoramento e uma gestão cuidadosa da via aérea são essenciais para minimizar riscos e complicações. Assim, a colaboração interdisciplinar e a formação contínua dos profissionais envolvidos são fundamentais para aprimorar as práticas anestésicas e, assim, melhorar os resultados clínicos e o bem-estar dos pacientes

SERVIÇO DE ATENDIMENTO MÓVEL DE URGÊNCIA FRENTE ÀS URGÊNCIAS E EMERGÊNCIAS PSIQUIÁTRICAS

The present study sought scientific evidence on the assistance provided by the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU) in the face of psychiatric urgencies and emergencies. The work carried out is a literature review, where the data for the construction of the article were collected in Google Scholar, Scielo, BVS and LILACS. To search for articles in the databases, the following keywords were used: “mental health”, “psychiatric emergency” and “prompt care”. As inclusion criteria, we used: full articles available in full, published between the years 2017 and 2021, in Portuguese and English. As for the exclusion criteria, the following were excluded: editorials, books, abstracts, descriptors that did not correspond to the theme and repeated articles in the databases used for data collection. The results showed that in recent times, there has been a significant increase in the number of people with psychiatric disorders, thus demanding extra-hospital services that seek to accommodate these patients. Most of the time, professionals provide inhumane care, prioritizing only sedation and immediate referral to hospital, using only these methods to contain the patient. It was concluded that the assistance provided by SAMU in the face of psychiatric urgencies and emergencies is still flawed, and mechanized care is carried out, using coercive means. Showing, through this, that the pre-hospital service has mostly acted against the principles established by the Psychiatric Reform, causing care to become disqualified.El presente estudio buscó evidencia científica sobre la asistencia que brinda el Servicio Móvil de Atención de Urgencias (SAMU) ante las urgencias y emergencias psiquiátricas. El trabajo realizado es una revisión de literatura, donde los datos para la construcción del artículo fueron recolectados en Google Scholar, Scielo, BVS y LILACS. Para la búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos se utilizaron las siguientes palabras clave: “salud mental”, “emergencia psiquiátrica” y “atención oportuna”. Como criterios de inclusión, se utilizaron: artículos completos disponibles en su totalidad, publicados entre los años 2017 y 2021, en portugués e inglés. En cuanto a los criterios de exclusión, fueron excluidos: editoriales, libros, resúmenes, descriptores que no correspondían al tema y artículos repetidos en las bases de datos utilizadas para la recolección de datos. Los resultados mostraron que en los últimos tiempos, ha habido un aumento significativo en el número de personas con trastornos psiquiátricos, por lo que demandan servicios extrahospitalarios que buscan acomodar a estos pacientes. La mayoría de las veces, los profesionales brindan una atención inhumana, priorizando solo la sedación y la derivación inmediata al hospital, utilizando solo estos métodos para contener al paciente. Se concluyó que la asistencia que brinda el SAMU ante las urgencias y emergencias psiquiátricas aún es deficiente, y se realiza una atención mecanizada, utilizando medios coercitivos. Mostrando, a través de esto, que el servicio prehospitalario ha actuado mayoritariamente en contra de los principios establecidos por la Reforma Psiquiátrica, provocando la descalificación de la atención.  O presente estudo buscou evidências científicas sobre a assistência prestada pelo Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) frente às urgências e emergências psiquiátricas. O trabalho realizado trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, onde os dados para a construção do artigo foram coletados no Google Scholar, Scielo, BVS e LILACS. Para a busca dos artigos nas bases de dados foram usadas as seguintes palavras-chaves: “saúde mental”, “emergência psiquiátrica” e “pronto atendimento”. Como critérios de inclusão, utilizou-se: artigos completos e disponíveis na íntegra, publicados entre os anos de 2017 e 2021, nos idiomas português e inglês. Quanto aos critérios de exclusão, foram excluídos: editoriais, livros, resumos, descritores que não correspondia a temática e artigos repetidos nas bases de dados utilizadas para a coleta de dados. Os resultados mostraram que nos últimos tempos, houve um aumento significativo no número de pessoas que apresentam transtornos psiquiátricos, dessa forma, exigindo serviços extra-hospitalares que busquem acolher estes pacientes. Ainda existe uma enorme falha no atendimento aos pacientes com transtornos mentais, pois na grande maioria das vezes, os profissionais prestam uma assistência desumana, priorizando apenas a sedação e o encaminhamento imediato para a internação hospitalar, utilizando apenas destes métodos para conter o paciente. Concluiu-se que a assistência prestada pelo SAMU frente às urgências e emergências psiquiátricas ainda é falha, sendo realizado um cuidado mecanizado, utilizando de meios coercitivos. Mostrando, através disso, que o serviço pré-hospitalar em sua maioria tem atuado contra os princípios estabelecidos pela Reforma Psiquiátrica, fazendo com que a assistência se torne desqualificada

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Evaluation of Autonomic Modulation of Lung Function and Heart Rate in Children with Cystic Fibrosis

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important role in modulating bronchial smooth muscle contractility, which is altered in cystic fibrosis (CF). A convenient approach to probe ANS regulation is the quantitative analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). The purpose of this study was to evaluate ANS regulation in children with CF and to investigate the influence of colonization by Pseudonomas aeruginosa via assessment of HRV in colonized CF (CCF) children and non-colonized CF (NCCF) children. Sixteen children with CF (7 CCF and 9 NCCF) and seven healthy age-matched control children were enrolled in the study. Heart rate was recorded for 10 minutes at rest in the supine and standing positions and HRV analysis was carried out using autoregressive spectral analysis. The CCF group was characterized by lower forced expiratory volume than NCCF, indicating an impairment of respiratory function. The HRV parameters further confirmed the possible sympathetic overactivity in CCF. Children with CF exhibited hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system. In particular, the CCF group presented a greater impairment of autonomic nervous system modulation. Both CCF and NCCF children showed lower supine vagal activation in the HRV indices related to sympathetic activation and reduction of indices indicating vagal activity with the postural change from supine to standing when compared to the NCCF group. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved