Preliminary inquiry about Trypanosoma cruzi infection in domestic dogs and cats in Campo Florido, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Os A.A., pesquisando a infecção pelo T. cruzi em cães e gatos do Município de Campo Florido, região do Triângulo Mineiro, Estado de Minas Gerais, que é zona essencialmente pastoril, colheram os seguintes resultados: 1) O xenodiagnóstico revelou a infecção em 12 gatos, de 47 examinados (25,5%) e em 8 cães, de 102 examinados (7,8%); 2) A reação de fixação do complemento, praticada com os sôros de 151 cães foi conclusiva em 143 dêles, dos quais 16 (11.2%) foram positivos; 3) De 57 cães, que foram submetidos tanto ao xenodiagnóstico como à R.F.C., em 3 dêles (5,26%) a primeira prova foi positiva e em 6 dêles (10,53%) o foi a segunda. Comparados com os dados do homem no qual o xenodiagnóstico revelou apenas cêrca de 1/10 das infecções demonstradas pela R.F.C. (Freitas, 1950), êste dado confirma que a infeetividade do cão para o "barbeiro” é maior do que a do homem; 4) De 272 exemplares de T. infestans capturados nas casas e examinados, 61 (22,4%) estavam infectados pelo T. cruzi. Essa espécie é prevalentemente domiciliar nessas regiões, enquanto que o P. megistus habita quase só o peridomicílio (galinheiros). 5) Finalmente, das 68 casas em que o exame dos cães ou dos galos foi conclusivo, em 22 havia pelo menos um dêsses animais infectado pelo T. cruzi (32,35%).In order to estimate the epidemiologic importance of dogs and cats as domestic sources of infection by Trypanosoma cruzi for Trialomidae at the endemic community of Campo Florido, in the Triângulo Mineiro region in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, the A.A. conducted a preliminary inquiry there and obtained the following results: 1) The application of xenodiagnosis on 47 cats revealed 12 of them to be infected (25.5%); the same method showed that 8 dogs were infected, out of a total of 102 (7.8%); 2) The reaction of complement fixation, applied to the sera of 151 dogs, was conclusive in 143 of them and of these, 16 (11.2%) were positive; 3) In 57 dogs, submitted both to xenodiagnosis and complement fixation reaction, the first test revealed 3 positives (5.26%) while the second showed the infection in 6 (10.53%); as in our previous experience in man (Freitas, 1950) the xenodiagnosis revealed only about 10% of the cases uncovered by complement fixation reactions, it seems that infected dogs are really more infective to Triatomiduc than infected men; 4) Infection by T. cruzi was observed in 61 of 272 specimens of T. infestans examined (22.4%), as this is the prevalent species between domestic Triatomidae in the region; 3 Panstrongylus megistus were found in one house and 329 of them were captured in a chicken-house, a few of which were examined and found negative. 5) From 68 houses whose dogs or cats have been conclusively examined we found 22 with at least one of those animals infccted by T. cruzi (32.35%)

Comparative study of esketamine and racemic ketamine in treatment-resistant depression: Protocol for a non-inferiority clinical trial

Carvalho, Lucas Pedreira de. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica. Salvador, BA, Brasil. a Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health, b Psychiatry Service, University Hospital, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, c LiNC—Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, d Depatment of Anesthesiology, e PRODAF—Programa de Transtornos Afetivos, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, f Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Institute of Psychology, g Immunology Service, Universidade Federal da Bahial, h Clinical Research Laboratory (LAPEC), Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador, Brazil, i McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute & Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, j Center for Research and Clinical Trials Sinapse-Bairral, Instituto Bairral de Psiquiatria, Itapira, Brazil.Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2018-12-21T16:28:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Melo FSC Comparative_study_of_esketamine_and_racemic.64.pdf: 212500 bytes, checksum: 350198044d38100f8cc9dd703451de7c (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2018-12-21T16:45:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Melo FSC Comparative_study_of_esketamine_and_racemic.64.pdf: 212500 bytes, checksum: 350198044d38100f8cc9dd703451de7c (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-21T16:45:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Melo FSC Comparative_study_of_esketamine_and_racemic.64.pdf: 212500 bytes, checksum: 350198044d38100f8cc9dd703451de7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018Allergan and Lundbeck and research fees from Janssen Pharmaceutical during the last 12 months. ALTL has received consulting fees from Janssen Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo Brasil, Cristalia Produtos Químicos e Farmacêuticos, Libbs Farmacêutica and SanofiAventis and has received research fees from Eli Lilly, H. Lundbeck A/S, Servier Laboratories, Hoffman-La Roche and Forum Pharmaceuticals during the last 12 months.Múltipla - ver em NotasThe use of ketamine as an option in the treatment of depressive disorder is growing rapidly, supported by numerous clinical trials attesting its efficacy and safety. Esketamine, the S (+) enantiomer of ketamine, is the most widely used form in the anesthetic environment in some countries, and new studies have shown that it may also be effective in depression and with better tolerability. However, no study so far has directly compared esketamine with racemic ketamine. Here we propose a protocol of a clinical trial to evaluate esketamine as a noninferior medicationMethods/design: This study protocol is for a randomized, controlled, double-blind noninferiority clinical trial. Subjects will be 18 years or older, with major depression characterized as treatment-resistant. Participants will receive a single infusion of either esketamine (0.25mg/kg) or ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) over 40 minutes. The primary outcome will be the difference in remission rates between the 2 treatment arms at 24 and 72hours after drug infusion. Secondary outcomes will include other timepoints, measurements of cognition, dissociation, and blood biomarkers. Discussion: A head-to-head study is the best way to evaluate whether the esketamine is in fact comparable to the racemic ketamine in terms of both efficacy and safety, and, if positive, it would be an initial step to increase the access to that type of treatment worldwide. Ethics and dissemination: The study was approved by the local Institutional Review Board (University Hospital Professor Edgard Santos—Federal University of Bahia—Number: 46657415.0.0000.0049). Subjects will only participate after voluntarily agreeing and signing the Informed Consent Form. The study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences. Trial registration: This trial has been registered in the Japan Primary Registries Network (JPRN): UMIN000032355, which is affiliated with the World Health Organization. when compared to ketamine in the treatment of patients with treatment-resistant depression

A viagem científica de Neiva e Penna: roteiro para os estudos das doenças do sertão The scientific journey taken by Neiva and Penna: a blueprint for studies of diseases from the Brazilian hinterland

Analisa o relatório de Arthur Neiva e Belisario Penna , focalizando a contribuição dos autores ao estudo de uma das doenças endêmicas por eles encontrada ao longo de todo o trajeto percorrido, de longa data conhecida popularmente por 'mal de engasgo'. Observaram e descreveram com minúcia os sintomas apresentados pelos doentes e a associação frequente do mal de engasgo com outro mal endêmico conhecido por 'vexame' ou 'vexame do coração', que consistia em crises de palpitações. Os estudos epidemiológicos e clínicos de Neiva e Penna sobre o mal de engasgo muito contribuíram para o conhecimento dessa afecção e representaram um incentivo para todos os pesquisadores que se dedicaram ao seu estudo, especialmente quanto a sua relação com a doença de Chagas.<br>Analyze the report by Neiva and Penna, focusing on the contribution these authors made to the study of one of the endemic diseases encountered throughout their journey, which had been long known under the popular name of mal de engasgo (choking disease). They recorded their observations and detailed descriptions of the patients' symptoms and the association frequently encountered between mal de engasgo and another endemic disease, known as vexame or vexame do coração, characterized by bouts of palpitations. Neiva and Penna's epidemiological and clinical observations of mal de engasgo were crucial for all the researchers interested in the disease, especially its relationship with Chagas disease

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data